Economic Assessment and Review of Waterless Fracturing Technologies in Shale Resource Development: A Case Study

Iman Oraki Kohshour; Reza Barati; Meaghan Cassey Yorro; Tim Leshchyshyn; Adebola T. Adejumo; Usman Ahmed; Imre Kugler; Murray Reynolds; James McAndrew

doi:10.1007/s12583-017-0781-1

Volume 28 Issue 5

Oct 2017

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Journal of Earth Science > 2017 > 28(5): 933-948.

Iman Oraki Kohshour, Reza Barati, Meaghan Cassey Yorro, Tim Leshchyshyn, Adebola T. Adejumo, Usman Ahmed, Imre Kugler, Murray Reynolds, James McAndrew. Economic Assessment and Review of Waterless Fracturing Technologies in Shale Resource Development: A Case Study. Journal of Earth Science, 2017, 28(5): 933-948. doi: 10.1007/s12583-017-0781-1

Citation:

Iman Oraki Kohshour, Reza Barati, Meaghan Cassey Yorro, Tim Leshchyshyn, Adebola T. Adejumo, Usman Ahmed, Imre Kugler, Murray Reynolds, James McAndrew. Economic Assessment and Review of Waterless Fracturing Technologies in Shale Resource Development: A Case Study. Journal of Earth Science, 2017, 28(5): 933-948. doi: 10.1007/s12583-017-0781-1

Citation:

Iman Oraki Kohshour, Reza Barati, Meaghan Cassey Yorro, Tim Leshchyshyn, Adebola T. Adejumo, Usman Ahmed, Imre Kugler, Murray Reynolds, James McAndrew. Economic Assessment and Review of Waterless Fracturing Technologies in Shale Resource Development: A Case Study. Journal of Earth Science, 2017, 28(5): 933-948. doi: 10.1007/s12583-017-0781-1

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Economic Assessment and Review of Waterless Fracturing Technologies in Shale Resource Development: A Case Study

doi: 10.1007/s12583-017-0781-1

1.
University of Wyoming, Department of Petroleum Engineering, Laramie WY 82071, USA
2.
Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045, USA
3.
Forum Energy Technologies, Houston TX 77024, USA
4.
FracKnowledge//Fracturing Horizontal Well Completions Inc., Calgary AB T2G 0X8, Canada
5.
Halliburton, Houston TX 77032, USA
6.
Unconventional Oil and Gas technology and Development, and WellDog, Laramie WY 82070, USA
7.
IHS Markit, Houston TX 77077, USA
8.
Ferus, Calgary AB T2P 3C5, Canada
9.
Air Liquide, Greater Philadelphia Area, Philadelphia 19019, USA

More Information

Corresponding author: Iman Oraki Kohshour, imanoraki@gmail.com
Received Date: 08 Apr 2017
Accepted Date: 05 Jun 2017
Publish Date: 01 Oct 2017

Abstract

Abstract

Our database tracking of USA water usage per well indicates that traditionally shale operators have been using, on average 3 to 6 million gallons of water; even up to 8 million for the entire life cycle of the well based on its suitability for re-fracturing to stimulate their long and lateral horizontal wells. According to our data, sourcing, storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal of this large volume of water could account for up to 10% of overall drilling and completion costs. With increasingly stringent regulations governing the use of fresh water and growing challenges associated with storage and use of produced and flowback water in hydraulic fracturing, finding alternative sources of fracturing fluid is already a hot debate among both the scientific community and industry experts. On the other hand, waterless fracturing technology providers claim their technology can solve the concerns of water availability for shale development. This study reviews high-level technical issues and opportunities in this challenging and growing market and evaluates key economic drivers behind water management practices such as waterless fracturing technologies, based on a given shale gas play in the United States and experience gained in Canada. Water costs are analyzed under a variety of scenarios with and without the use of (fresh) water. The results are complemented by surveys from several oil and gas operators. Our economic analysis shows that fresh water usage offers the greatest economic return. In regions where water sourcing is a challenge, however, the short-term economic advantage of using non-fresh water-based fracturing outweighs the capital costs required by waterless fracturing methods. Until waterless methods are cost competitive, recycled water usage with low treatment offers a similar net present value (NPV) to that of sourcing freshwater via truck, for instance.
- shale gas,
- gas exploration,
- fracturing technology,
- fracturing fluid,
- waterless fracturing

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