Advanced Search

Indexed by SCI、CA、РЖ、PA、CSA、ZR、etc .

Volume 32 Issue 5
Oct 2021
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Journal of Earth Science  > 2021  >  32(5): 1226-1249.
Shao-Jie Li, Xuan-Ce Wang, Simon A. Wilde, Zhuyin Chu, Chaofeng Li, Sheng He, Keyu Liu, Xingzhi Ma, Yuxiang Zhang. Revisiting Rhenium-Osmium Isotopic Investigations of Petroleum Systems: From Geochemical Behaviours to Geological Interpretations. Journal of Earth Science, 2021, 32(5): 1226-1249. doi: 10.1007/s12583-020-1066-7
Citation: Shao-Jie Li, Xuan-Ce Wang, Simon A. Wilde, Zhuyin Chu, Chaofeng Li, Sheng He, Keyu Liu, Xingzhi Ma, Yuxiang Zhang. Revisiting Rhenium-Osmium Isotopic Investigations of Petroleum Systems: From Geochemical Behaviours to Geological Interpretations. Journal of Earth Science, 2021, 32(5): 1226-1249. doi: 10.1007/s12583-020-1066-7
shu

Revisiting Rhenium-Osmium Isotopic Investigations of Petroleum Systems: From Geochemical Behaviours to Geological Interpretations

doi: 10.1007/s12583-020-1066-7
  • 1.

    School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China

  • 2.

    The School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China

  • 3.

    ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems and The Institute for Geoscience Research, Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia

  • 4.

    State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

  • 5.

    Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

  • 6.

    School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao 266555, China

  • 7.

    PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China

  • 8.

    Australise Resources and Environment Solutions, Wattle Grove, Perth 6107, Australia

More Information
  • Corresponding author: Xuan-Ce Wang, x.wang4@uq.edu.au
  • Received Date: 26 Apr 2020
  • Accepted Date: 22 Jul 2020
  • Publish Date: 01 Oct 2021
    Abstract
  • Recent decades have witnessed an increasing number of studies investigating petroleum systems with the application of rhenium-osmium (Re-Os) isotopic geochemistry. Here, we review the use of the 187Re-187Os geochronometer with respect to the geochemical behaviour of rhenium and osmium in hydrocarbon-related geological processes. The Re-Os budget in hydrocarbon source rock predominantly originates from natural water columns during its deposition. Open seawater tends to have a homogeneous Os isotopic composition because its residence time in seawater is longer than the time taken for ocean mixing. On the contrary, restricted water bodies (e.g., lakes) may have heterogeneous Os isotopic compositions due to the greater amount of terrigenous input. Hydrogenous Re and Os atoms are sequestered from the water body into sedimentary organic matter and transferred into crude oil through thermal maturation of organic matter. Thermal maturation likely does not significantly alter the Re-Os isotopic systematics of the source rock as a Re-Os isochron age of 442±21 Ma (2σ) is yielded in this study for over matured source rocks within the Silurian Longmaxi Formation from the Sichuan Basin. Re-Os atoms are mainly hosted by the highly polar/aggregating/aromatic asphaltenes in hydrocarbons, possibly chelating with organic complexes or occurring as metalloporphyrins. Resin and aromatic hydrocarbons also contribute to the Re-Os budget, but are 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of asphaltenes, whereas saturates do not contain appreciable Re-Os contents. The distribution of Re-Os atoms in hydrocarbons is heterogeneous because the duplicate analysis of pure single bitumen samples yields similar 187Os/188Os ratios whereas variable 187Re/188Os ratios. The Re-Os system in crude oils can be reset during transport away from the source rocks, with Os-rich organic fractions more readily expelled than Re-rich fractions. Contact with metal-rich fluids (e.g., hydrothermal fluid) or compositional changes related to asphaltene contents (e.g., deasphalting, biodegradation, thermal cracking and thermochemical sulphate reduction) are also likely to alter the Re-Os systematics in hydrocarbons. These geochemical features enable the 187Re-187Os isotopic system to have robust applicability for petroleum system investigations, which may use the Re-Os radiometric tool for: (1) stratigraphic correlation of source rocks, (2) dating geological events altering the asphaltene content in hydrocarbon such as hydrocarbon generation, thermochemical sulphate reduction, etc., and, (3) fingerprinting hydrocarbons. Regardless of the robustness of the 187Re-187Os geochronometer for petroleum system investigations, there are several pending questions such as partitioning between solid organic species or between organic matter and sulphide, chelating sites in hydrocarbons and Os isotopic equilibration between hydrocarbon subfractions. To improve the understanding of the Re-Os behaviour in petroleum systems, we underscore multi-proxies-based geochemistry (e.g., inorganic-organic geochemistry) and experimental studies (e.g., hydrous pyrolysis).

     

    • FullText(HTML)
  • loading
    • References(156)
  • Alessandrello, A., Beeman, J. W., Brofferio, C., et al., 1999. Bolometric Measurements of Beta Decay Spectra of 187Re with Crystals of Silver Perrhenate. Physics Letters B, 457(1/2/3): 253-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(99)00519-5
    Allègre, C. J., Luck, J. M., 1980. Osmium Isotopes as Petrogenetic and Geological Tracers. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 48(1): 148-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(80)90177-6
    Arnaboldi, C., Brofferio, C., Cremonesi, O., et al., 2003. Bolometric Bounds on the Antineutrino Mass. Physical Review Letters, 91(16): 161802. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett. 91.161802 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.161802
    Ashktorab, K., Jänecke, J. W., Becchetti, F. D., 1993. Beta Decay of 187Re and Cosmochronology. Physical Review C, 47(6): 2954-2960. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.47.2954
    Berner, R. A., 1984. Sedimentary Pyrite Formation: An Update. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48(4): 605-615. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90089-9
    Brodzinski, R. L., Conway, D. C., 1965. Decay of Rhenium-187. Physical Review, 138(6b): B1368-B1371. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.138.b1368
    Campbell-Miller, M. D., Simard, B., 1996. First Ionization Potentials of Tungsten and Rhenium by Mass-Selected Double-Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 13(10): 2115. https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.13.002115
    Chen, X., Fan, J. -X., Zhang, Y. -D., et al., 2015. Subdivision and Delineation of the Wufeng and Lungmachi Black Shales in the Subsurface of the Yangtze Platform. Journal of Stratigraphy, 39(4): 351-358 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-DCXZ201504001.htm
    Cohen, A. S., 2004. The Rhenium-Osmium Isotope System: Applications to Geochronological and Palaeoenvironmental Problems. Journal of the Geological Society, 161(4): 729-734. https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-764903-084
    Cohen, A. S., Coe, A. L., Bartlett, J. M., et al., 1999. Precise Re-Os Ages of Organic-Rich Mudrocks and the Os Isotope Composition of Jurassic Seawater. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 167(3/4): 159-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(99)00026-6
    Cohen, A. S., Coe, A. L., Harding, S. M., et al., 2004. Osmium Isotope Evidence for the Regulation of Atmospheric CO2 by Continental Weathering. Geology, 32(2): 157-160. https://doi.org/10.1130/g20158.1
    Creaser, R. A., Papanastassiou, D. A., Wasserburg, G. J., 1991. Negative Thermal Ion Mass Spectrometry of Osmium, Rhenium and Iridium. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 55(1): 397-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90427-7
    Creaser, R. A., Sannigrahi, P., Chacko, T., et al., 2002. Further Evaluation of the Re-Os Geochronometer in Organic-Rich Sedimentary Rocks: A Test of Hydrocarbon Maturation Effects in the Exshaw Formation, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66(19): 3441-3452. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(02)00939-0
    Cumming, V. M., Selby, D., Lillis, P. G., 2012. Re-Os Geochronology of the Lacustrine Green River Formation: Insights into Direct Depositional Dating of Lacustrine Successions, Re-Os Systematics and Paleocontinental Weathering. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 359-360: 194-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.10.012
    Cumming, V. M., Selby, D., Lillis, P. G., et al., 2014. Re-Os Geochronology and Os Isotope Fingerprinting of Petroleum Sourced from a Type I Lacustrine Kerogen: Insights from the Natural Green River Petroleum System in the Uinta Basin and Hydrous Pyrolysis Experiments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 138: 32-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.04.016
    DiMarzio, J. M., Georgiev, S. V., Stein, H. J., et al., 2018. Residency of Rhenium and Osmium in a Heavy Crude Oil. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 220: 180-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.09.038
    Douglas, D. J., French, J. B., 1981. Elemental Analysis with a Microwave-Induced Plasma/Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer System. Analytical Chemistry, 53(1): 37-41. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00224a011
    Faure, G., Mensing, T. M., 2005. Isotopes: Principles and Applications. John Wiley & Sons Inc. Hoboken
    Fehn, U., Teng, R., Elmore, D., et al., 1986. Isotopic Composition of Osmium in Terrestrial Samples Determined by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry. Nature, 323(6090): 707-710. https://doi.org/10.1038/323707a0
    Finlay, A. J., Selby, D., Osborne, M. J., 2011. Re-Os Geochronology and Fingerprinting of United Kingdom Atlantic Margin Oil: Temporal Implications for Regional Petroleum Systems. Geology, 39(5): 475-478. https://doi.org/10.1130/g31781.1
    Finlay, A. J., Selby, D., Osborne, M. J., 2012. Petroleum Source Rock Identification of United Kingdom Atlantic Margin Oil Fields and the Western Canadian Oil Sands Using Platinum, Palladium, Osmium and Rhenium: Implications for Global Petroleum Systems. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 313/314: 95-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.11.003
    Finlay, A. J., Selby, D., Osborne, M. J., et al., 2010. Fault-Charged Mantle-Fluid Contamination of United Kingdom North Sea Oils: Insights from Re-Os Isotopes: Figure 1. Geology, 38(11): 979-982. https://doi.org/10.1130/g31201.1
    Galeazzi, M., Fontanelli, F., Gatti, F., et al., 2000. End-Point Energy and Half-Life of The 187Re β Decay. Physical Review C, 63(1): 014302. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.63.014302
    Gao, S., Rudnick, R. L., Carlson, R. W., et al., 2002. Re-Os Evidence for Replacement of Ancient Mantle Lithosphere beneath the North China Craton. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 198(3/4): 307-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(02)00489-2
    Ge, X., Shen, C. B., Selby, D., et al., 2016. Apatite Fission-Track and Re-Os Geochronology of the Xuefeng Uplift, China: Temporal Implications for Dry Gas Associated Hydrocarbon Systems. Geology, 44(6): 491-494. https://doi.org/10.1130/g37666.1
    Ge, X., Shen, C. B., Selby, D., et al., 2018a. Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Petroleum System Evolution of the Micang Shan Uplift, Northern Sichuan Basin, China: Insights from Pyrobitumen Rhenium-Osmium Geochronology and Apatite Fission-Track Analysis. AAPG Bulletin, 102(8): 1429-1453. https://doi.org/10.1306/1107171616617170
    Ge, X., Shen, C. B., Selby, D., et al., 2018b. Petroleum-Generation Timing and Source in the Northern Longmen Shan Thrust Belt, Southwest China: Implications for Multiple Oil-Generation Episodes and Sources. AAPG Bulletin, 102(5): 913-938. https://doi.org/10.1306/0711171623017125
    Geboy, N. J., Kaufman, A. J., Walker, R. J., et al., 2013. Re-Os Age Constraints and New Observations of Proterozoic Glacial Deposits in the Vazante Group, Brazil. Precambrian Research, 238: 199-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2013.10.010
    Georgiev, S. V., Stein, H. J., Hannah, J. L., et al., 2016. Re-Os Dating of Maltenes and Asphaltenes within Single Samples of Crude Oil. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 179: 53-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.01.016
    Georgiev, S., Stein, H. J., Hannah, J. L., et al., 2011. Hot Acidic Late Permian Seas Stifle Life in Record Time. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 310(3/4): 389-400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.08.010
    Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Schmitz, M., et al., 2012. The Geologic Time Scale 2012. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.4095/215638.
    Gray, A. L., 1985. The ICP as an Ion Source-Origins, Achievements and Prospects. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 40(10/11/12): 1525-1537. https://doi.org/10.1016/0584-8547(85)80176-2
    Gregoire, D. C., 1990. Sample Introduction Techniques for the Determination of Osmium Isotope Ratios by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, 62(2): 141-146. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00201a011
    Grice, K., Nabbefeld, B., Maslen, E., 2007. Source and Significance of Selected Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments (Hovea-3 Well, Perth Basin, Western Australia) Spanning the Permian-Triassic Boundary. Organic Geochemistry, 38(11): 1795-1803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.07.001
    Guo, T. L., 2015. The Fuling Shale Gas Field-A Highly Productive Silurian Gas Shale with High Thermal Maturity and Complex Evolution History, Southeastern Sichuan Basin, China. Interpretation, 3(2): SJ25-SJ34. https://doi.org/10.1190/int-2014-0148.1
    Halliday, A. N., Lee, D. C., Christensen, J. N., et al., 1995. Recent Developments in Inductively Coupled Plasma Magnetic Sector Multiple Collector Mass Spectrometry. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes, 146/147: 21-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(95)04200-5
    Halliday, A. N., Lee, D. C., Christensen, J. N., et al., 1998. Applications of Multiple Collector-ICPMS to Cosmochemistry, Geochemistry, and Paleoceanography. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62(6): 919-940. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(98)00057-x
    Hannah, J. L., Bekker, A., Stein, H. J., et al., 2004. Primitive Os and 2 316 Ma Age for Marine Shale: Implications for Paleoproterozoic Glacial Events and the Rise of Atmospheric Oxygen. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 225(1/2): 43-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.06.013
    Hanson, A., Zhang, S., Moldowan, J., et al., 2000. Molecular Organic Geochemistry of the Tarim Basin, Northwest China. AAPG Bulletin, 84(8): 1109-1128. https://doi.org/10.1306/a9673c52-1738-11d7-8645000102c1865d
    Hassler, D. R., Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B., Ravizza, G. E., 2000. Rapid Determination of Os Isotopic Composition by Sparging OsO4 into a Magnetic-Sector ICP-MS. Chemical Geology, 166(1/2): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2541(99)00180-1
    Herr, W., Hintenberger, H., Voshage, H., 1954. Half-Life of Rhenium. Physical Review, 95(6): 1691-1691. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.95.1691
    Hirata, T., 2000. Development of a Flushing Spray Chamber for Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 15(11): 1447-1450. https://doi.org/10.1039/b006626p
    Hirt, B., Herr, W., Hoffmeister, W., 1963. Age Determinations by the Rhenium-Osmium Method. Radioactive Dating, 35-43
    Hoffman, E. L., Naldrett, A. J., Van Loon, J. C., et al., 1978. The Determination of All the Platinum Group Elements and Gold in Rocks and Ore by Neutron Activation Analysis after Preconcentration by a Nickel Sulphide Fire-Assay Technique on Large Samples. Analytica Chimica Acta, 102: 157-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(01)93469-5
    Houk, R. S., Fassel, V. A., Flesch, G. D., et al., 1980. Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma as an Ion Source for Mass Spectrometric Determination of Trace Elements. Analytical Chemistry, 52(14): 2283-2289. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50064a012
    Huang, H. P., Zhang, S. C., Su, J., 2016. Palaeozoic Oil-Source Correlation in the Tarim Basin, NW China: A Review. Organic Geochemistry, 94: 32-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.01.008
    Hurtig, N. C., Georgiev, S. V., Stein, H. J., et al., 2019. Re-Os Systematics in Petroleum during Water-Oil Interaction: The Effects of Oil Chemistry. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 247: 142-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2018.12.021
    Jaffe, L. A., Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B., Petsch, S. T., 2002. Mobility of Rhenium, Platinum Group Elements and Organic Carbon during Black Shale Weathering. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 198(3/4): 339-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(02)00526-5
    Kendall, B., Creaser, R. A., Ross, G. M., et al., 2004. Constraints on the Timing of Marinoan "Snowball Earth" Glaciation by 187Re-187Os Dating of a Neoproterozoic, Post-Glacial Black Shale in Western Canada. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 222(3/4): 729-740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.04.004
    Kendall, B., Creaser, R. A., Selby, D., 2009a. 187Re-187Os Geochronology of Precambrian Organic-Rich Sedimentary Rocks. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 326(1): 85-107. https://doi.org/10.1144/sp326.5
    Kendall, B., Creaser, R. A., Gordon, G. W., et al., 2009b. Re-Os and Mo Isotope Systematics of Black Shales from the Middle Proterozoic Velkerri and Wollogorang Formations, McArthur Basin, Northern Australia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 73(9): 2534-2558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.02.013
    Korsch, R., Huazhao, M., Zhaocai, S., et al., 1991. The Sichuan Basin, Southwest China: A Late Proterozoic (Sinian) Petroleum Province. Precambrian Research, 54(1): 45-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(91)90068-l
    Large, R. R., Bull, S. W., McGoldrick, P. J., et al., 2005. Stratiform and Strata-Bound Zn-Pb-Ag Deposits in Proterozoic Sedimentary Basins, Northern Australia. Economic Geology, 100: 931-963. http://ecite.utas.edu.au/39069 http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ross_Large/publication/43498155_Stratiform_and_Strata-Bound_Zn-Pb-Ag_Deposits_in_Proterozoic_Sedimentary_Basins_Northern_Australia/links/0046352330e1576e95000000.pdf
    Lawley, C., Selby, D., Imber, J., 2013. Re-Os Molybdenite, Pyrite, and Chalcopyrite Geochronology, Lupa Goldfield, Southwestern Tanzania: Tracing Metallogenic Time Scales at Midcrustal Shear Zones Hosting Orogenic Au Deposits. Economic Geology, 108(7): 1591-1613. https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.108.7.1591
    Le Métayer, P., Grice, K., Chow, C. N., et al., 2014. The Effect of Origin and Genetic Processes of Low Molecular Weight Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Petroleum on Their Stable Carbon Isotopic Compositions. Organic Geochemistry, 72: 23-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.04.008
    Lewan, M., Spiro, B., Illich, H., et al., 1985. Evaluation of Petroleum Generation by hydrous Pyrolysis Experimentation[and Discussion]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 315(1531): 123-134. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1985.0033
    Li, J., Liang, X. R., Xu, J. F., et al., 2010. Simplified Technique for the Measurements of Re-Os Isotope by Multicollector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). Geochemical Journal, 44(1): 73-80. https://doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.1.0044
    Li, S. J., Wang, X. C., Li, C. F., et al., 2019. Direct Rubidium-Strontium Dating of Hydrocarbon Charge Using Small Authigenic Illitic Clay Aliquots from the Silurian Bituminous Sandstone in the Tarim Basin, NW China. Scientific Reports, 9(1): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48988-3
    Li, S. J., Wang, X. C., Li, C. F., et al., 2020. First Direct Dating of Alteration of Paleo-Oil Pools Using Rubidium-Strontium Pyrite Geochronology. Minerals, 10(7): 606. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10070606
    Li, S. M., Amrani, A., Pang, X. Q., et al., 2015. Origin and Quantitative Source Assessment of Deep Oils in the Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin. Organic Geochemistry, 78: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.10.004
    Liang, X., Liu, S. G., Wang, S. B., et al., 2019. Analysis of the Oldest Carbonate Gas Reservoir in China-New Geological Significance of the Dengying Gas Reservoir in the Weiyuan Structure, Sichuan Basin. Journal of Earth Science, 30(2): 348-366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-017-0962-y
    Lichte, F. E., Wilson, S. M., Brooks, R. R., et al., 1986. New Method for the Measurement of Osmium Isotopes Applied to a New Zealand Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary Shale. Nature, 322(6082): 816-817. https://doi.org/10.1038/322816a0
    Lillis, P. G., Selby, D., 2013. Evaluation of the Rhenium-Osmium Geochronometer in the Phosphoria Petroleum System, Bighorn Basin of Wyoming and Montana, USA. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 118: 312-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.04.021
    Lindner, M., Leich, D. A., Borg, R. J., et al., 1986. Direct Laboratory Determination of the 187Re Half-Life. Nature, 320(6059): 246-248. https://doi.org/10.1038/320246a0
    Lindner, M., Leich, D. A., Price Russ, G., et al., 1989. Direct Determination of the Half-Life of 187Re. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 53(7): 1597-1606. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(89)90241-x
    Liu, J. J., Selby, D., Zhou, H. G., et al., 2019. Further Evaluation of the Re-Os Systematics of Crude Oil: Implications for Re-Os Geochronology of Petroleum Systems. Chemical Geology, 513: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.03.004
    Liu, K. Y., Eadington, P., 2005. Quantitative Fluorescence Techniques for Detecting Residual Oils and Reconstructing Hydrocarbon Charge History. Organic Geochemistry, 36(7): 1023-1036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.02.008
    Liu, S. G., Deng, B., Jansa, L., et al., 2018. Multi-Stage Basin Development and Hydrocarbon Accumulations: A Review of the Sichuan Basin at Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Earth Science, 29(2): 307-325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-017-0904-8
    Liu, Z. Y., Selby, D., Hackley, C. P., et al., 2020. Evidence of Wildfires and Elevated Atmospheric Oxygen at the Frasnian-Famennian Boundary in New York (USA): Implications for the Late Devonian Mass Extinction. GSA Bulletin, 132(9/10): 2043-2054. https://doi.org/10.1130/b35457.1
    Luck, J. M., Allègre, C. J., 1982. The Study of Molybdenites through The 187Re-187Os Chronometer. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 61(2): 291-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(82)90060-7
    Luck, J. M., Allègre, C. J., 1983. 187Re-187Os Systematics in Meteorites and Cosmochemical Consequences. Nature, 302(5904): 130-132. https://doi.org/10.1038/302130a0
    Luck, J. M., Birck, J. L., Allegre, C. J., 1980. 187Re-187Os Systematics in Meteorites: Early Chronology of the Solar System and Age of the Galaxy. Nature, 283(5744): 256-259. https://doi.org/10.1038/283256a0
    Ludwig, K., 2003. User's Manual for Isoplot 3.00: A Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Barkeley Geochronology Center, Barkeley http://www.researchgate.net/publication/303107803_User's_manual_for_Isoplot_36_A_geochronological_toolkit_for_microsoft_excel_Berkeley_Geochronology_Center
    Lyons, T. W., Reinhard, C. T., Planavsky, N. J., 2014. The Rise of Oxygen in Earth's Early Ocean and Atmosphere. Nature, 506(7488): 307-315. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13068
    Machel, H. G., 2001. Bacterial and Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction in Diagenetic Settings-Old and New Insights. Sedimentary Geology, 140(1/2): 143-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0037-0738(00)00176-7
    Magoon, L. B., Dow, W. G., 1994. The Petroleum System, In: Magoon, L. B., Dow, W. G., eds., The Petroleum System-From Source to Trap. AAPG Memoir, 60:3-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/0920-4105(95)00059-3
    Mahdaoui, F., Michels, R., Reisberg, L., et al., 2015. Behavior of Re and Os during Contact between an Aqueous Solution and Oil: Consequences for the Application of the Re-Os Geochronometer to Petroleum. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 158:1-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.02.009
    Mahdaoui, F., Reisberg, L., Michels, R., et al., 2013. Effect of the Progressive Precipitation of Petroleum Asphaltenes on the Re-Os Radioisotope System. Chemical Geology, 358:90-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.08.038
    Makishima, A., Nakamura, E., 2006. Determination of Os and Re Isotope Ratios at Subpicogram Levels Using MC-ICPMS with Solution Nebulization and Multiple Ion Counting. Analytical Chemistry, 78(11): 3794-3799. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac060183t
    Mao, J. W., Xie, G. Q., Bierlein, F., et al., 2008. Tectonic Implications from Re-Os Dating of Mesozoic Molybdenum Deposits in the East Qinling-Dabie Orogenic Belt. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 72(18): 4607-4626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.06.027
    McDaniel, D. K., Walker, R. J., Hemming, S. R., et al., 2004. Sources of Osmium to the Modern Oceans: New Evidence from the 190Pt-186Os System. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 68(6): 1243-1252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.08.020
    McLimans, R. K., 1987. The Application of Fluid Inclusions to Migration of Oil and Diagenesis in Petroleum Reservoirs. Applied Geochemistry, 2(5/6): 585-603. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(87)90011-4
    Meisel, T., Fellner, N., Moser, J., 2003. A Simple Procedure for the Determination of Platinum Group Elements and Rhenium (Ru, Rh, Pd, Re, Os, Ir and Pt) Using ID-ICP-MS with an Inexpensive On-Line Matrix Separation in Geological and Environmental Materials. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 18(7): 720-726. https://doi.org/10.1039/b301754k
    Meisel, T., Moser, J., Fellner, N., et al., 2001. Simplified Method for the Determination of Ru, Pd, Re, Os, Ir and Pt in Chromitites and Other Geological Materials by Isotope Dilution ICP-MS and Acid Digestion. The Analyst, 126(3): 322-328. https://doi.org/10.1039/b007575m
    Morgan, J. W., Walker, R. J., 1989. Isotopic Determinations of Rhenium and Osmium in Meteorites by Using Fusion, Distillation and Ion-Exchange Separations. Analytica Chimica Acta, 222(1): 291-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(00)81904-2
    Naldrett, S. N., Libby, W. F., 1948. Natural Radioactivity of Rhenium. Physical Review, 73(5): 487-493. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.73.487
    Nier, A. O., 1937. The Isotopic Constitution of Osmium. Physical Review, 52(8): 885-885. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.52.885
    Norman, M., Bennett, V., McCulloch, M., et al., 2002. Osmium Isotopic Compositions by Vapor Phase Sample Introduction Using a Multi-Collector ICP-MS. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 17(10): 1394-1397. https://doi.org/10.1039/b204518d
    Nowell, G. M., Luguet, A., Pearson, D. G., et al., 2008. Precise and Accurate 186Os/188Os and 187Os/188Os Measurements by Multi-Collector Plasma Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) Part Ⅰ: Solution Analyses. Chemical Geology, 248(3/4): 363-393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.10.020
    Nozaki, T., Suzuki, K., Ravizza, G., et al., 2012. A Method for Rapid Determination of Re and Os Isotope Compositions Using ID-MC-ICP-MS Combined with the Sparging Method. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 36(2): 131-148. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908x.2011.00125.x
    Oxburgh, R., 2001. Residence Time of Osmium in the Oceans. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2(6): 2000GC000104. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gc000104
    Page, R. W., Jackson, M. J., Krassay, A. A., 2000. Constraining Sequence Stratigraphy in North Australian Basins: SHRIMP U-Pb Zircon Geochronology between Mt Isa and McArthur River. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 47(3): 431-459. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.2000.00797.x
    Pearson, N. J., Alard, O., Griffin, W. L., et al., 2002. In situ Measurement of Re-Os Isotopes in Mantle Sulfides by Laser Ablation Multicollector-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Analytical Methods and Preliminary Results. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66(6): 1037-1050. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(01)00823-7
    Pegram, W. J., Krishnaswami, S., Ravizza, G. E., et al., 1992. The Record of Sea Water 187Os/186Os Variation through the Cenozoic. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 113(4): 569-576. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(92)90132-f
    Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B., Hannigan, R. E., 2000. Effects of Black Shale Weathering on the Mobility of Rhenium and Platinum Group Elements. Geology, 28(5): 475-478. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)028<0475:eobswo>2.3.co;2 doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(2000)028<0475:eobswo>2.3.co;2
    Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B., Ravizza, G., 2000. The Marine Osmium Isotope Record. Terra Nova, 12(5): 205-219. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.2000.00295.x
    Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B., Ravizza, G., Hofmann, A. W., 1995. The Marine 187Os/186Os Record of the Past 80 Million Years. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 130(1/2/3/4): 155-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(95)00003-u
    Puchtel, I. S., Brügmann, G. E., Hofmann, A. W., 2001. 187Os-Enriched Domain in an Archean Mantle Plume: Evidence from 2.8 Ga Komatiites of the Kostomuksha Greenstone Belt, NW Baltic Shield. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 186(3/4): 513-526. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(01)00264-3
    Ravizza, G., Turekian, K. K., 1989. Application of the 187Re-187Os System to Black Shale Geochronometry. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 53(12): 3257-3262. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(89)90105-1
    Ravizza, G., Turekian, K. K., 1992. The Osmium Isotopic Composition of Organic-Rich Marine Sediments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 110(1/2/3/4): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(92)90034-s
    Rawlings, D. J., 1999. Stratigraphic Resolution of a Multiphase Intracratonic Basin System: The McArthur Basin, Northern Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 46(5): 703-723. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.1999.00739.x
    Reisberg, L., Meisel, T., 2002. The Re-Os Isotopic System: A Review of Analytical Techniques. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 26(3): 249-267. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908x.2002.tb00633.x
    Rooney, A. D., Chew, D. M., Selby, D., 2011. Re-Os Geochronology of the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Dalradian Supergroup of Scotland and Ireland: Implications for Neoproterozoic Stratigraphy, Glaciations and Re-Os Systematics. Precambrian Research, 185(3/4): 202-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2011.01.009
    Rooney, A. D., Selby, D., Houzay, J. P., et al., 2010. Re-Os Geochronology of a Mesoproterozoic Sedimentary Succession, Taoudeni Basin, Mauritania: Implications for Basin-Wide Correlations and Re-Os Organic-Rich Sediments Systematics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 289(3/4): 486-496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.11.039
    Rooney, A. D., Selby, D., Lewan, M. D., et al., 2012. Evaluating Re-Os Systematics in Organic-Rich Sedimentary Rocks in Response to Petroleum Generation Using Hydrous Pyrolysis Experiments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 77:275-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.11.006
    Rosman, K. J. R., Taylor, P. D. P., 1998. Isotopic Compositions of the Elements 1997 (Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 70(1): 217-235. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199870010217
    Rudnick, R. L., Gao, S., 2003. Composition of the Continental Crust. Treatise on Geochemistry, 3:1-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/03016-4
    Russ III, G. P., Bazan, J. M., Date, A. R., 1987. Osmium Isotopic Ratio Measurements by Inductively Coupled Plasma Source Mass Spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, 59(7): 984-989. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00134a013
    Schoenberg, R., Nägler, T. F., Kramers, J. D., 2000. Precise Os Isotope Ratio and Re-Os Isotope Dilution Measurements down to the Picogram Level Using Multicollector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 197(1/2/3): 85-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1387-3806(99)00215-8
    Schoonen, M. A., 2004. Mechanisms of Sedimentary Pyrite Formation. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 379:117-134. https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2379-5.117
    Selby, D., 2005. Direct Radiometric Dating of Hydrocarbon Deposits Using Rhenium-Osmium Isotopes. Science, 308(5726): 1293-1295. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1111081
    Selby, D., Creaser, R. A., 2001. Re-Os Geochronology and Systematics in Molybdenite from the Endako Porphyry Molybdenum Deposit, British Columbia, Canada. Economic Geology, 96(1): 197-204. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.96.1.197
    Selby, D., Creaser, R. A., 2003. Re-Os Geochronology of Organic Rich Sediments: An Evaluation of Organic Matter Analysis Methods. Chemical Geology, 200(3/4): 225-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2541(03)00199-2
    Selby, D., Creaser, R. A., 2004. Macroscale NTIMS and Microscale LA-MC-ICP-MS Re-Os Isotopic Analysis of Molybdenite: Testing Spatial Restrictions for Reliable Re-Os Age Determinations, and Implications for the Decoupling of Re and Os within Molybdenite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 68(19): 3897-3908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.03.022
    Selby, D., Creaser, R. A., 2005a. Direct Radiometric Dating of the Devonian-Mississippian Time-Scale Boundary Using the Re-Os Black Shale Geochronometer. Geology, 33(7): 545-548. https://doi.org/10.1130/g21324.1
    Selby, D., Creaser, R. A., 2005b. Direct Radiometric Dating of Hydrocarbon Deposits Using Rhenium-Osmium Isotopes. Science, 308(5726): 1293-1295. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1111081
    Selby, D., Creaser, R. A., Hart, C. J. R., et al., 2002. Absolute Timing of Sulfide and Gold Mineralization: A Comparison of Re-Os Molybdenite and Ar-Ar Mica Methods from the Tintina Gold Belt, Alaska. Geology, 30(9): 791. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0791:atosag>2.0.co;2 doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0791:atosag>2.0.co;2
    Selby, D., Creaser, R. A., Stein, H. J., et al., 2007a. Assessment of the 187Re Decay Constant by Cross Calibration of Re-Os Molybdenite and U-Pb Zircon Chronometers in Magmatic Ore Systems. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 71(8): 1999-2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.01.008
    Selby, D., Creaser, R. A., Fowler, M. G., 2007b. Re-Os Elemental and Isotopic Systematics in Crude Oils. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 71(2): 378-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.09.005
    Selby, D., Creaser, R. A., Dewing, K., et al., 2005. Evaluation of Bitumen as a Re-Os Geochronometer for Hydrocarbon Maturation and Migration: A Test Case from the Polaris MVT Deposit, Canada. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 235(1/2): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.02.018
    Selby, D., Kelley, K. D., Hitzman, M. W., et al., 2009. Re-Os Sulfide (Bornite, Chalcopyrite, and Pyrite Systematics of the Carbonate-Hosted Copper Deposits at Ruby Creek, Southern Brooks Range, Alaska. Economic Geology, 104(3): 437-444. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.104.3.437
    Sen, I. S., Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B., 2014. Determination of Osmium Concentrations and 187Os/188Os of Crude Oils and Source Rocks by Coupling High-Pressure, High-Temperature Digestion with Sparging OsO4 into a Multicollector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer. Analytical Chemistry, 86(6): 2982-2988. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac403413y
    Shen, J. J., Papanastassiou, D. A., Wasserburg, G. J., 1996. Precise Re-Os Determinations and Systematics of Iron Meteorites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60(15): 2887-2900. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(96)00120-2
    Shi, C. H., Cao, J., Tan, X. C., et al., 2017. Discovery of Oil Bitumen Co-Existing with Solid Bitumen in the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Giant Gas Reservoir, Sichuan Basin, Southwestern China: Implications for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Process. Organic Geochemistry, 108:61-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2017.03.004
    Shirey, S. B., Walker, R. J., 1995. Carius Tube Digestion for Low-Blank Rhenium-Osmium Analysis. Analytical Chemistry, 67(13): 2136-2141. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00109a036
    Shirey, S. B., Walker, R. J., 1998. The Re-Os Isotope System in Cosmochemistry and High-Temperature Geochemistry. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 26(1): 423-500. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.26.1.423
    Singh, S. K., Trivedi, J. R., Krishnaswami, S., 1999. Re-Os Isotope Systematics in Black Shales from the Lesser Himalaya: Their Chronology and Role in the 187Os/188Os Evolution of Seawater. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63(16): 2381-2392. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(99)00201-x
    Smoliar, M. I., Walker, R. J., Morgan, J. W., 1996. Re-Os Ages of Group IIA, IIIA, IVA, and IVB Iron Meteorites. Science, 271(5252): 1099-1102. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.271.5252.1099
    Stein, H. J., Markey, R. J., Morgan, J. W., et al., 2001. The Remarkable Re-Os Chronometer in Molybdenite: How and Why It Works. Terra Nova, 13(6): 479-486. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.2001.00395.x
    Stein, H. J., Sundblad, K., Markey, R. J., et al., 1998. Re-Os Ages for Archean Molybdenite and Pyrite, Kuittila-Kivisuo, Finland and Proterozoic Molybdenite, Kabeliai, Lithuania: Testing the Chronometer in a Metamorphic and Metasomatic Setting. Mineralium Deposita, 33(4): 329-345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001260050153
    Sugarman, N., Richter, H., 1948. Note on the "Natural Radioactivity of Rhenium". Physical Review, 73(11): 1411-1412. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.73.1411.2
    Suttle, A. D., Libby, W. F., 1954. Natural Radioactivity of Rhenium. Physical Review, 95(3): 866-867. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.95.866.2
    Suzuki, K., Miyata, Y., Kanazawa, N., 2004. Precise Re Isotope Ratio Measurements by Negative Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (NTI-MS) Using Total Evaporation Technique. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 235(1): 97-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2004.04.006
    Tissot, B. P., Welte, D. H., 1984. Petroleum Formation and Occurrence. Springer Science & Business Media, Berbin. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87813-8
    Turgeon, S. C., Creaser, R. A., Algeo, T. J., 2007. Re-Os Depositional Ages and Seawater Os Estimates for the Frasnian-Famennian Boundary: Implications for Weathering Rates, Land Plant Evolution, and Extinction Mechanisms. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 261(3/4): 649-661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.07.031
    Völkening, J., Walczyk, T., Heumann, G. K., 1991. Osmium Isotope Ratio Determinations by Negative Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes, 105(2): 147-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(91)80077-z
    Walczyk, T., 2004. TIMS Versus Multicollector-ICP-MS: Coexistence or Struggle for Survival?. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 378(2): 229-231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-003-2053-4
    Walder, A. J., Freedman, P. A., 1992. Communication. Isotopic Ratio Measurement Using a Double Focusing Magnetic Sector Mass Analyser with an Inductively Coupled Plasma as an Ion Source. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 7(3): 571. https://doi.org/10.1039/ja9920700571
    Walker, R. J., Morgan, J. W., Naldrett, A. J., et al., 1991a. Re-Os Isotope Systematics of Ni-Cu Sulfide Ores, Sudbury Igneous Complex, Ontario: Evidence for a Major Crustal Component. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 105(4): 416-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(91)90182-h
    Walker, R. J., Echeverria, L. M., Shirey, S. B., et al., 1991b. Re-Os Isotopic Constraints on the Origin of Volcanic Rocks, Gorgona Island, Colombia: Os Isotopic Evidence for Ancient Heterogeneities in the Mantle. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 107(2): 150-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00310704
    Walker, R. J., Fassett, J. D., 1986. Isotopic Measurement of Subananogram Quantities of Rhenium and Osmium by Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, 58(14): 2923-2927. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00127a007
    Walker, R. J., Shirey, S. B., Stecher, O., 1988. Comparative Re-Os, Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr Isotope and Trace Element Systematics for Archean Komatiite Flows from Munro Township, Abitibi Belt, Ontario. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 87(1/2): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(88)90060-x
    Wang, J., Tenger, Liu, W.-H., et al., 2016. Definition of Petroleum Generating Time for Lower Cambrian Bitumen of the Kuangshanliang in the west Sichuan Basin, China: Evidence from Re-Os Isotopic Isochron Age. Natural Gas Geoscience, 27(7): 1290-1298. https://doi.org/10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2016.07.1290.
    Watt, D. E., Glover, R. N., 1962. A Search for Radioactivity among the Naturally Occurring Isobaric Pairs. The Philosophical Magazine: A Journal of Theoretical Experimental and Applied Physics, 7(73): 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786436208201861
    Williford, K. H., Grice, K., Logan, G. A., et al., 2011. The Molecular and Isotopic Effects of Hydrothermal Alteration of Organic Matter in the Paleoproterozoic McArthur River Pb/Zn/Ag Ore Deposit. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 301(1/2): 382-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.11.029
    Wolf, C. J., Johnston, W. H., 1962. Natural Radioactivity of Rhenium. Physical Review, 125(1): 307-310. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.125.307
    Woodhead, J. D., 2005. Isotope Ratio Determination in the Earth and Environmental Sciences: Developments and Applications in 2003. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 29(1): 26-36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908x.2005.tb00652.x
    Woodhead, J. D., 2006. Isotope Ratio Determination in the Earth and Environmental Sciences: Developments and Applications in 2004/2005. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 30(3): 187-196. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908x.2006.tb01061.x
    Woodhead, J. D., 2008. Isotope Ratio Determination in the Earth and Environmental Sciences: Developments and Applications in 2006-2007. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 32(4): 495-507. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908x.2008.00919.x
    Wu, J., Li, Z., Wang, X. C., 2016. Comment on "Behavior of Re and Os during Contact between an Aqueous Solution and Oil: Consequences for the Application of the Re-Os Geochronometer to Petroleum"[Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 158 (2015) 1-21]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 186:344-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.02.018
    Xu, G. P., Hannah, J. L., Stein, H. J., et al., 2009. Re-Os Geochronology of Arctic Black Shales to Evaluate the Anisian-Ladinian Boundary and Global Faunal Correlations. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 288(3/4): 581-587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.10.022
    Yamashita, Y., Takahashi, Y., Haba, H., et al., 2007. Comparison of Reductive Accumulation of Re and Os in Seawater-Sediment Systems. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 71(14): 3458-3475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.05.003
    Yang, R., He, S., Wang, X., et al., 2016. Paleo-Ocean Redox Environments of the Upper Ordovician Wufeng and the First Member in Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formations in the Jiaoshiba Area, Sichuan Basin. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 53(4): 426-440. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2015-0210
    Yin, L., Li, J., Liu, J. G., et al., 2017. Precise and Accurate Re-Os Isotope Dating of Organic-Rich Sedimentary Rocks by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry with an Improved H2O2-HNO3 Digestion Procedure. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 421:263-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2017.07.013
    Zhou, W. D., Xie, S. Y., Bao, Z. Y., et al., 2019. Chemical Compositions and Distribution Characteristics of Cements in Longmaxi Formation Shales, Southwest China. Journal of Earth Science, 30(5): 879-892. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-019-1013-7
    Zou, C. N., Yang, Z., Dai, J. X., et al., 2015. The Characteristics and Significance of Conventional and Unconventional Sinian-Silurian Gas Systems in the Sichuan Basin, Central China. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 64:386-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.03.005
    • Relative Articles
    • Supplements(0)
    • Cited By
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Figures(11)  / Tables(4)

    Get Citation
    PDF
    XML

    Article Metrics

    Article views(185) PDF downloads(16) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    Copyright © 2013-2020 Journal of Earth Science 鄂ICP备15021562号-2

    Tel: +86-27-67885075 Fax: +86-27-67885075 E-mail: xbb@cug.edu.cn

    Address: Editorial Office of Journal, China University of Geosciences, Yujiashan, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China

    Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd  E-mail: info@rhhz.net  

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return