Advanced Search

Indexed by SCI、CA、РЖ、PA、CSA、ZR、etc .

Volume 33 Issue 5
Oct 2022
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Ting Yang, Xinqiang Wang, Dongtao Xu, Xiaoying Shi, Yongbo Peng. Nitrogen Isotopes from the Neoproterozoic Liulaobei Formation, North China: Implications for Nitrogen Cycling and Eukaryotic Evolution. Journal of Earth Science, 2022, 33(5): 1309-1319. doi: 10.1007/s12583-020-1085-4
Citation: Ting Yang, Xinqiang Wang, Dongtao Xu, Xiaoying Shi, Yongbo Peng. Nitrogen Isotopes from the Neoproterozoic Liulaobei Formation, North China: Implications for Nitrogen Cycling and Eukaryotic Evolution. Journal of Earth Science, 2022, 33(5): 1309-1319. doi: 10.1007/s12583-020-1085-4

Nitrogen Isotopes from the Neoproterozoic Liulaobei Formation, North China: Implications for Nitrogen Cycling and Eukaryotic Evolution

doi: 10.1007/s12583-020-1085-4
More Information
  • Corresponding author: Xinqiang Wang, wxqiang307@126.com
  • Received Date: 22 Jun 2020
  • Accepted Date: 24 Aug 2020
  • Issue Publish Date: 30 Oct 2022
  • The nitrogen isotope compositions (δ15N) of sedimentary rocks can provide information about the nutrient N cycling and redox conditions that may have played important roles in biological evolution in Earth's history. Although considerable δ15N data for the Precambrian have been published, there is a large gap during the Early Neoproterozoic that restrains our understanding of the linkages among N cycling, ocean redox changes and biological evolution during this key period. Here, we report bulk δ15N and organic carbon isotope (δ13Corg) compositions as well as the total nitrogen (TN) and total organic carbon (TOC) contents from the Tonian fossiliferous Liulaobei Formation in the southern part of the North China Platform. The δ15N in the study section is dominated by very stable values centering around +4.3‰, which is moderately lower than that in modern sediments (~+6‰). These positive δ15N values were attributed to partial denitrification under low primary productivity (scenario 1) and/or denitrification coupled with dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) (scenario 2). In either case, the availability of fixed nitrogen may have provided the nutrient N required to facilitate facilitated eukaryotic growth. Our study highlights the pivotal role of nutrient N in the evolution of eukaryotes.

     

  • loading
  • Ader, M., Macouin, M., Trindade, R. I. F., et al., 2009. A Multilayered Water Column in the Ediacaran Yangtze Platform? Insights from Carbonate and Organic Matter Paired δ13C. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 288(1/2): 213–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.09.024
    Ader, M., Sansjofre, P., Halverson, G. P., et al., 2014. Ocean Redox Structure across the Late Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event: A Nitrogen Isotope Perspective. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 396: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.03.042
    Ader, M., Thomazo, C., Sansjofre, P., et al., 2016. Interpretation of the Nitrogen Isotopic Composition of Precambrian Sedimentary Rocks: Assumptions and Perspectives. Chemical Geology, 429: 93–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.02.010
    Algeo, T. J., Meyers, P. A., Robinson, R. S., et al., 2014. Icehouse-Greenhouse Variations in Marine Denitrification. Biogeosciences, 11(4): 1273–1295. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1273-2014
    Altabet, M. A., Pilskaln, C., Thunell, R., et al., 1999. The Nitrogen Isotope Biogeochemistry of Sinking Particles from the Margin of the Eastern North Pacific. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 46(4): 655–679. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0637(98)00084-3
    Altabet, M. A., 2006. Isotopic Tracers of the Marine Nitrogen Cycle: Present and Past. In: Volkman, J. K., ed., Marine Organic Matter: Biomarkers, Isotopes and DNA, Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2_008
    Bristow, L. A., Dalsgaard, T., Tiano, L., et al., 2016. Ammonium and Nitrite Oxidation at Nanomolar Oxygen Concentrations in Oxygen Minimum Zone Waters. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(38): 10601–10606. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600359113
    Canfield, D. E., Zhang, S., Frank, A. B., et al., 2018. Highly Fractionated Chromium Isotopes in Mesoproterozoic-Aged Shales and Atmospheric Oxygen. Nature Communications, 9: 2871. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05263-9
    Chang, C., Hu, W. X., Wang, X. L., et al., 2019. Nitrogen Isotope Evidence for an Oligotrophic Shallow Ocean during the Cambrian Stage 4. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 257: 49–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.04.021
    Chen, Y., Diamond, C. W., Stüeken, E. E., et al., 2019. Coupled Evolution of Nitrogen Cycling and Redoxcline Dynamics on the Yangtze Block across the Ediacaran–Cambrian Transition. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 257: 243–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.05.017
    Cole, D. B., Reinhard, C. T., Wang, X. L., et al., 2016. A Shale-Hosted Cr Isotope Record of Low Atmospheric Oxygen during the Proterozoic. Geology, 44(7): 555–558. https://doi.org/10.1130/g37787.1
    Crockford, P. W., Kunzmann, M., Bekker, A., et al., 2019. Claypool Continued: Extending the Isotopic Record of Sedimentary Sulfate. Chemical Geology, 513: 200–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.02.030
    Diamond, C. W., Planavsky, N. J., Wang, C., et al., 2018. What the ~1.4 Ga Xiamaling Formation can and Cannot Tell Us about the Mid-Proterozoic Ocean. Geobiology, 16(3): 219–236. https://doi.org/10.1111/gbi.12282
    Dong, L., Xiao, S. H., Shen, B., et al., 2008. Restudy of the Worm-Like Carbonaceous Compression Fossils Protoarenicola, Pararenicola, and Sinosabellidites from Early Neoproterozoic Successions in North China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 258(3): 138–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.05.019
    Freudenthal, T., Wagner, T., Wenzhöfer, F., et al., 2001. Early Diagenesis of Organic Matter from Sediments of the Eastern Subtropical Atlantic: Evidence from Stable Nitrogen and Carbon Isotopes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65(11): 1795–1808. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(01)00554-3
    Fuchsman, C. A., Murray, J. W., Konovalov, S. K., 2008. Concentration and Natural Stable Isotope Profiles of Nitrogen Species in the Black Sea. Marine Chemistry, 111(1/2): 90–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2008.04.009
    Giblin, A., Tobias, C., Song, B., et al., 2013. The Importance of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium (DNRA) in the Nitrogen Cycle of Coastal Ecosystems. Oceanography, 26(3): 124–131. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2013.54
    Godfrey, L. V., Poulton, S. W., Bebout, G. E., et al., 2013. Stability of the Nitrogen Cycle during Development of Sulfidic Water in the Redox-Stratified Late Paleoproterozoic Ocean. Geology, 41(6): 655–658. https://doi.org/10.1130/g33930.1
    Guilbaud, R., Poulton, S. W., Thompson, J., et al., 2020. Phosphorus-Limited Conditions in the Early Neoproterozoic Ocean Maintained Low Levels of Atmospheric Oxygen. Nature Geoscience, 13: 296–301. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0548-7
    Guilbaud, R., Poulton, S. W., Butterfield, N. J., et al., 2015. A Global Transition to Ferruginous Conditions in the Early Neoproterozoic Oceans. Nature Geoscience, 8: 466–470. http://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2434
    Hayes, J. M., Strauss, H., Kaufman, A. J., 1999. The Abundance of 13C in Marine Organic Matter and Isotopic Fractionation in the Global Biogeochemical Cycle of Carbon during the Past 800 Ma. Chemical Geology, 161(1/2/3): 103–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2541(99)00083-2
    Higgins, M. B., Robinson, R. S., Husson, J. M., et al., 2012. Dominant Eukaryotic Export Production during Ocean Anoxic Events Reflects the Importance of Recycled NH4+. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(7): 2269–2274. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1104313109
    Hong, T., Jia, Z., Yin, L., et al., 2004. Acritarchs from the Neoproterozoic Jiuliqiao Formation, Huainan Region, and Their Biostratigraphic Significance. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 43: 377–387 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-6616.2004.03.007
    Jiang, G. Q., Wang, X. Q., Shi, X. Y., et al., 2012. The Origin of Decoupled Carbonate and Organic Carbon Isotope Signatures in the Early Cambrian (ca. 542–520 Ma) Yangtze Platform. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 317/318: 96–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.11.018
    Kipp, M. A., Stüeken, E. E., Yun, M., et al., 2018. Pervasive Aerobic Nitrogen Cycling in the Surface Ocean across the Paleoproterozoic Era. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 500: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.08.007
    Knoll, A. H., Nowak, M. A., 2017. The Timetable of Evolution. Science Advances, 3(5): e1603076. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1603076
    Koehler, M. C., Stüeken, E. E., Kipp, M. A., et al., 2017. Spatial and Temporal Trends in Precambrian Nitrogen Cycling: A Mesoproterozoic Offshore Nitrate Minimum. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 198: 315–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.10.050
    Lam, P., Kuypers, M. M. M., 2011. Microbial Nitrogen Cycling Processes in Oxygen Minimum Zones. Annual Review of Marine Science, 3: 317–345. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142814
    Lan, Z. W., Zhang, S. J., Tucker, M., et al., 2020. Evidence for Microbes in Early Neoproterozoic Stromatolites. Sedimentary Geology, 398: 105589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2020.105589
    Lehmann, M. F., Bernasconi, S. M., Barbieri, A., et al., 2002. Preservation of Organic Matter and Alteration of Its Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Composition during Simulated and in situ Early Sedimentary Diagenesis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66(20): 3573–3584. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(02)00968-7
    Li, G. J., Chen, L., Pang, K., et al., 2020. An Assemblage of Macroscopic and Diversified Carbonaceous Compression Fossils from the Tonian Shiwangzhuang Formation in Western Shandong, North China. Precambrian Research, 346: 105801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105801
    Lu, W., Wörndle, S., Halverson, G. P., et al., 2017. Iodine Proxy Evidence for Increased Ocean Oxygenation during the Bitter Springs Anomaly. Geochemical Perspectives Letters, 5: 53–57. https://doi.org/10.7185/geochemlet.1746
    Luo, G. M., Junium, C. K., Kump, L. R., et al., 2014. Shallow Stratification Prevailed for ∼1 700 to ∼1 300 Ma Ocean: Evidence from Organic Carbon Isotopes in the North China Craton. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 400: 219–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.020
    Luo, G. M., Wang, Y. B., Algeo, T. J., et al., 2011. Enhanced Nitrogen Fixation in the Immediate Aftermath of the Latest Permian Marine Mass Extinction. Geology, 39(7): 647–650. https://doi.org/10.1130/g32024.1
    Luo, G. M., Junium, C. K., Izon, G., et al., 2018. Nitrogen Fixation Sustained Productivity in the Wake of the Palaeoproterozoic Great Oxygenation Event. Nature Communications, 9: 978. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03361-2
    Lyons, T. W., Reinhard, C. T., Planavsky, N. J., 2014. The Rise of Oxygen in Earth's Early Ocean and Atmosphere. Nature, 506: 307–315. http://doi.org/10.1038/nature13068
    MacDonald, F. A., Schmitz, M. D., Crowley, J. L., et al., 2010. Calibrating the Cryogenian. Science, 327(5970): 1241–1243. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1183325
    McCready, R. G. L., Gould, W. D., Barendregt, R. W., 1983. Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation during the Reduction of NO3 to NH4+ by Desulfovibrio Sp. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 29(2): 231–234. https://doi.org/10.1139/m83-038
    Michiels, C. C., Darchambeau, F., Roland, F. A. E., et al., 2017. Iron-Dependent Nitrogen Cycling in a Ferruginous Lake and the Nutrient Status of Proterozoic Oceans. Nature Geoscience, 10: 217. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2886
    Morales, L. V., Granger, J., Chang, B. X., et al., 2014. Elevated 15N/14N in Particulate Organic Matter, Zooplankton, and Diatom Frustule-Bound Nitrogen in the Ice-Covered Water Column of the Bering Sea Eastern Shelf. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 109: 100–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.05.008
    Ossa, O. F., Hofmann, A., Spangenberg, J. E., et al., 2019. Limited Oxygen Production in the Mesoarchean Ocean. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(14): 6647–6652. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1818762116
    Pang, K., Tang, Q., Chen, L., et al., 2018. Nitrogen-Fixing Heterocystous Cyanobacteria in the Tonian Period. Current Biology, 28(4): 616–622. e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.008
    Papineau, D., Purohit, R., Goldberg, T., et al., 2009. High Primary Productivity and Nitrogen Cycling after the Paleoproterozoic Phosphogenic Event in the Aravalli Supergroup, India. Precambrian Research, 171(1/2/3/4): 37–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2009.03.005
    Planavsky, N. J., 2014. The Elements of Marine Life. Nature Geoscience, 7: 855–856. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2307
    Planavsky, N. J., Cole, D. B., Reinhard, C. T., et al., 2016. No Evidence for High Atmospheric Oxygen Levels 1 400 Million Years Ago. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(19): E2550–E2551. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1601925113
    Planavsky, N. J., Reinhard, C. T., Wang, X., et al., 2014. Low Mid-Proterozoic Atmospheric Oxygen Levels and the Delayed Rise of Animals. Science, 346(6209): 635–638. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1258410
    Planavsky, N. J., McGoldrick, P., Scott, C. T., et al., 2011. Widespread Iron-Rich Conditions in the Mid-Proterozoic Ocean. Nature, 477: 448–451. http://doi.org/10.1038/nature10327
    Poulton, S. W., Canfield, D. E., 2011. Ferruginous Conditions: A Dominant Feature of the Ocean through Earth's History. Elements, 7(2): 107–112. https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.7.2.107
    Prokopenko, M. G., Hammond, D. E., Berelson, W. M., et al., 2006. Nitrogen Cycling in the Sediments of Santa Barbara Basin and Eastern Subtropical North Pacific: Nitrogen Isotopes, Diagenesis and Possible Chemosymbiosis between Two Lithotrophs (Thioploca and Anammox)—"Riding on a Glider". Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 242(1/2): 186–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.11.044
    Reinhard, C. T., Planavsky, N. J., Gill, B. C., et al., 2017. Evolution of the Global Phosphorus Cycle. Nature, 541: 386–389. http://doi.org/10.1038/nature20772
    Reinhard, C. T., Planavsky, N. J., Robbins, L. J., et al., 2013. Proterozoic Ocean Redox and Biogeochemical Stasis. PNAS, 110(14): 5357–5362. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1208622110
    Riedman, L. A., Sadler, P. M., 2018. Global Species Richness Record and Biostratigraphic Potential of Early to Middle Neoproterozoic Eukaryote Fossils. Precambrian Research, 319: 6–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2017.10.008
    Robinson, R. S., Kienast, M., Luiza Albuquerque, A., et al., 2012. A Review of Nitrogen Isotopic Alteration in Marine Sediments. Paleoceanography, 27(4): PA4203. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012pa002321
    Rooney, A. D., MacDonald, F. A., Strauss, J. V., et al., 2014. Re-Os Geochronology and Coupled Os-Sr Isotope Constraints on the Sturtian Snowball Earth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(1): 51–56. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1317266110
    Sahoo, S. K., Planavsky, N. J., Kendall, B., et al., 2012. Ocean Oxygenation in the Wake of the Marinoan Glaciation. Nature, 489: 546–549. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11445
    Scott, C., Lyons, T. W., Bekker, A., et al., 2008. Tracing the Stepwise Oxygenation of the Proterozoic Ocean. Nature, 452: 455–456. http://doi.org/10.1038/nature06811
    Shang, M. H., Tang, D. J., Shi, X. Y., et al., 2019. A Pulse of Oxygen Increase in the Early Mesoproterozoic Ocean at ca. 1.57–1.56 Ga. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 527: 115797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115797
    Shen, B., Xiao, S. H., Zhou, C. M., et al., 2010. Carbon and Sulfur Isotope Chemostratigraphy of the Neoproterozoic Quanji Group of the Chaidam Basin, NW China: Basin Stratification in the Aftermath of an Ediacaran Glaciation Postdating the Shuram Event? Precambrian Research, 177(3/4): 241–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2009.12.006
    Sigman, D. M., Karsh, K. L., Casciotti, K. L., 2009. Ocean Process Tracers: Nitrogen Isotopes in the Ocean. In: Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, Elsevier, Amsterdam. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012374473-9.00632-9
    Stüeken, E. E., 2013. A Test of the Nitrogen-Limitation Hypothesis for Retarded Eukaryote Radiation: Nitrogen Isotopes across a Mesoproterozoic Basinal Profile. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 120: 121–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.06.002
    Stüeken, E. E., Buick, R., Guy, B. M., et al., 2015. Isotopic Evidence for Biological Nitrogen Fixation by Molybdenum-Nitrogenase from 3.2 Gyr. Nature, 520: 666–669. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14180
    Stüeken, E. E., Buick, R., Lyons, T. W., 2019. Revisiting the Depositional Environment of the Neoproterozoic Callanna Group, South Australia. Precambrian Research, 334: 105474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2019.105474
    Stüeken, E. E., Kipp, M. A., Koehler, M. C., et al., 2016. The Evolution of Earth's Biogeochemical Nitrogen Cycle. Earth-Science Reviews, 160: 220–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.07.007
    Sun, W. G., Wang, G. X., Zhou, B. H., 1986. Macroscopic Worm-Like Body Fossils from the Upper Precambrian (900–700 Ma), Huainan District, Anhui, China and Their Stratigraphic and Evolutionary Significance. Precambrian Research, 31(4): 377–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(86)90041-0
    Tang, Q., Pang, K., Xiao, S. H., et al., 2013. Organic-Walled Microfossils from the Early Neoproterozoic Liulaobei Formation in the Huainan Region of North China and Their Biostratigraphic Significance. Precambrian Research, 236: 157–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2013.07.019
    Tang, Q., Pang, K., Yuan, X. L., et al., 2017. Electron Microscopy Reveals Evidence for Simple Multicellularity in the Proterozoic Fossil Chuaria. Geology, 45(1): 75–78. https://doi.org/10.1130/g38680.1
    Tang, Q., Pang, K., Yuan, X., et al., 2020. A One-Billion-Year-Old Multicellular Chlorophyte. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 4: 543–549. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-1122-9
    Thomazo, C., Ader, M., Philippot, P., 2011. Extreme 15N-Enrichments in 2.72-Gyr-Old Sediments: Evidence for a Turning Point in the Nitrogen Cycle. Geobiology, 9(2): 107–120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4669.2011.00271.x
    Thomson, D., Rainbird, R. H., Planavsky, N., et al., 2015. Chemostratigraphy of the Shaler Supergroup, Victoria Island, NW Canada: A Record of Ocean Composition Prior to the Cryogenian Glaciations. Precambrian Research, 263: 232–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2015.02.007
    Thunell, R. C., Sigman, D. M., Muller-Karger, F., et al., 2004. Nitrogen Isotope Dynamics of the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 18(3): GB3001. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gb002185
    Turner, E. C., Bekker, A., 2016. Thick Sulfate Evaporite Accumulations Marking a Mid-Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event (Ten Stone Formation, Northwest Territories, Canada). Geological Society of America Bulletin, 128(1/2): 203–222. https://doi.org/10.1130/b31268.1
    Tyrrell, T., 1999. The Relative Influences of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Oceanic Primary Production. Nature, 400: 525–531. https://doi.org/10.1038/22941
    Wang, D., Ling, H. -F., Struck, U., et al., 2018. Coupling of Ocean Redox and Animal Evolution during the Ediacaran–Cambrian Transition. Nature Communications, 9: 2575. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04980-5
    Wang, G., Zhang, S., Li, S., et al., 1984. Research on the Upper Precambrian of Northern Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces. Anhui Press of Science and Technology, Hefei
    Wang, H. Y., Zhang, Z. H., Li, C., et al., 2020. Spatiotemporal Redox Heterogeneity and Transient Marine Shelf Oxygenation in the Mesoproterozoic Ocean. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 270: 201–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.11.028
    Wang, X. Q., Jiang, G. Q., Shi, X. Y., et al., 2018. Nitrogen Isotope Constraints on the Early Ediacaran Ocean Redox Structure. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 240: 220–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2018.08.034
    Wang, X. Q., Shi, X. Y., Tang, D. J., et al., 2013. Nitrogen Isotope Evidence for Redox Variations at the Ediacaran–Cambrian Transition in South China. The Journal of Geology, 121(5): 489–502. https://doi.org/10.1086/671396
    Wang, Z. P., Wang, X. Q., Shi, X. Y., et al., 2020. Coupled Nitrate and Phosphate Availability Facilitated the Expansion of Eukaryotic Life at Circa 1.56 Ga. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 125(4): e2019JG005487. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jg005487
    Xiao, S. H., Bao, H. M., Wang, H. F., et al., 2004. The Neoproterozoic Quruqtagh Group in Eastern Chinese Tianshan: Evidence for a Post-Marinoan Glaciation. Precambrian Research, 130(1/2/3/4): 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2003.10.013
    Xiao, S. H., Shen, B., Tang, Q., et al., 2014. Biostratigraphic and Chemostratigraphic Constraints on the Age of Early Neoproterozoic Carbonate Successions in North China. Precambrian Research, 246: 208–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2014.03.004
    Xiao, S. H., Tang, Q., 2018. After the Boring Billion and before the Freezing Millions: Evolutionary Patterns and Innovations in the Tonian Period. Emerging Topics in Life Sciences, 2(2): 161–171. https://doi.org/10.1042/etls20170165
    Xing, Y., 1989. The Upper Precambrian of China, Volume 3 of "The Stratigraphy of China". Geological Publishing House, Beijing
    Xu, D. T., Wang, X. Q., Shi, X. Y., et al., 2020. Nitrogen Cycle Perturbations Linked to Metazoan Diversification during the Early Cambrian. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 538: 109392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109392
    Yang, D. B., Xu, W. L., Xu, Y. G., et al., 2012. U-Pb Ages and Hf Isotope Data from Detrital Zircons in the Neoproterozoic Sandstones of Northern Jiangsu and Southern Liaoning Provinces, China: Implications for the Late Precambrian Evolution of the Southeastern North China Craton. Precambrian Research, 216/217/218/219: 162–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2012.07.002
    Yin, C., 1985. Micropaleoflora from the Late Precambrian in Huainan Region of Anhui Province and Its Stratigraphic Significance. Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 12: 97–119 (in Chinese)
    Yin, L. M., Sun, W. G., 1994. Microbiota from the Neoproterozoic Liulaobei Formation in the Huainan Region, Northern Anhui, China. Precambrian Research, 65(1/2/3/4): 95–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(94)90101-5
    Zang, W. L., Walter, M. R., 1992. Late Proterozoic and Early Cambrian Microfossils and Biostratigraphy, Northern Anhui and Jiangsu, Central-Eastern China. Precambrian Research, 57(3/4): 243–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(92)90004-8
    Zerkle, A. L., Poulton, S. W., Newton, R. J., et al., 2017. Onset of the Aerobic Nitrogen Cycle during the Great Oxidation Event. Nature, 542: 465–467. http://doi.org/10.1038/nature20826
    Zhang, K., Zhu, X., Wood, R. A., et al., 2018. Oxygenation of the Mesoproterozoic Ocean and the Evolution of Complex Eukaryotes. Nature Geoscience, 11: 345–350. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0111-y
    Zhang, S. C., Wang, X. M., Wang, H. J., et al., 2016. Sufficient Oxygen for Animal Respiration 1 400 Million Years Ago. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(7): 1731–1736. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1523449113
    Zhang, X. N., Sigman, D. M., Morel, F. M. M., et al., 2014. Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation by Alternative Nitrogenases and Past Ocean Anoxia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(13): 4782–4787. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1402976111
    Zhao, H. Q., Zhang, S. H., Ding, J. K., et al., 2020. New Geochronologic and Paleomagnetic Results from Early Neoproterozoic Mafic Sills and Late Mesoproterozoic to Early Neoproterozoic Successions in the Eastern North China Craton, and Implications for the Reconstruction of Rodinia. GSA Bulletin, 132(3/4): 739–766. https://doi.org/10.1130/b35198.1
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Figures(6)  / Tables(1)

    Article Metrics

    Article views(732) PDF downloads(135) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return