| Citation: | Mohammed Fadhil Ayad. Sand Dunes Fixation in Baiji District, Iraq. Journal of Earth Science, 2002, 13(1): 67-72.
|
This study was carried out at Sand Dunes Stabilization Researches Station in Baiji district (230 km north of Baghdad, Iraq) to evaluate the effects of local soil conditioners manufactured from oil derivatives and plant residuals on sand dunes fixation as the first step for sand dunes stabilization. The results indicate that the fuel oil has the first place in improving wind erosion parameters in the study area, such as increasing mean weight diameter, dry aggregates percentage, the needed time for complete disaggregation by dry sieving, and decreasing the disaggregation rates. Bitumen emulsion occupies the second place, while the plant residuals occupies the third place and has slight effects on the studied parameters. Effects of conditioners on natural vegetation cover are negative in oil derivatives treatments, while positive in plants residuals treatments.
| Armbrust D V, 1977. A Review of Mulches to Control Wind Erosion. Trans ASAE. 20(5): 904-910 doi: 10.13031/2013.35672 |
| Ben Salem B, 1985 Mulching Technique of Dune Fixation: The Layer System. In: Sand DuNes Stabilization. Shelterbelts, and Afforestation in Dry Zones. FAO Conservation Guide, (10): 71-74 |
| Black C A, Evans D D, White J L, et al, 1965. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Am Soc of Agron Inc |
| Chepil W S, 1950. Properties of Soil Which lnfluence Wind Erosion: 11. Dry Aggregates Structure a Index of Erodibility. Soil Sei, 69: 403-414 doi: 10.1097/00010694-195005000-00006 |
| Christensen B T, 1986. Straw Incorporation and Soil Organic Matter in MacrO-Aggregates and Particle Size Separates. Soils and Fert Abs, 49(8): 651 |
| De Boodt M, 1972. Improvement of Soil Structure by Chemical Means. In: Hillel D. ed. Optimizing the Soil Physical Environrnenl townrd Greater Crop Yields. New York and London: Academic Press 43-55 |
| De Benito G A, 1974. Sand Dune Stabilization at El-Aaiun West Sahara. Int J Biometeor, 18(2): 142-144 doi: 10.1007/BF01452236 |
| Dougrameji J S, 1979. Some Physical Properties of Bandy Soils and Band Dunes in Iraq. FAO Bail bulletin No. 25, Rome, Italy |
| Dougrameji J S, Kaul R N, 1972. sand Dunes Reclamation in Iraq-Present Status and Future Prospects. Annals of Arid Zone, 11(3, 4): 133-137 |
| El-Hady O A, 1984. Criteria to Evaluate Soil Conditioners for Aggregates Formation and Wind Erosion Control. Egypt. J Soil Sci, 24(2): 137-144 |
| Emerson W W, 1959. Stability of Soil Crumbs. Nature, (183): 538 |
| FAO, 1993. International Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Afrlca. Rome. Italy |
| Jackson M L, 1958. Soil Chemical Analysis. Englenwood Cliff, N J: Prentice-Hall Inc |
| Mitchell A, 1974. Plants and Techniques Used for Sand Dune Reclamation in Australia. Int J Biometeor, 18(2): 168-173 doi: 10.1007/BF01452239 |
| Stevens J H, 1974. Stabilization of Aeolian Bands in Saudi Arabia's AI-Hasa Oasis. J SOll and Water Cons. 29(3): 129-133 |
| U S Salinity Laboratory Staff, 1954. Diagonsis and Improvement of Saline and Aikali Soils USDA Handbook No. 60. Washington D. C. |
| Youker R E, MeGuinness J L, 1957. A Short Method of Obtaining Mean Weight Diameter. Soil Sci, 83: 291-294 |
| Zak J M, Wagner J W, 1967. Oil-Base Mulches and Terraces as Aids to Tree and Shrub Establishment on Coastal Band Dune. J Soll and Water Cons, 22: 198-201 |
Figures(7) / Tables(3)
Copyright © 2013-2020 Journal of Earth Science 鄂ICP备15021562号-2
Tel: +86-27-67885075 Fax: +86-27-67885075 E-mail: xbb@cug.edu.cn
Address: Editorial Office of Journal, China University of Geosciences, Yujiashan, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
Supported by:
Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd
E-mail:
info@rhhz.net
DownLoad:
