| Citation: | Philip J Carpenter, Aizhong Ding, Lirong Cheng, Puxin Liu, Fulu Chu. Apparent Formation Factor for Leachate-Saturated Waste and Sediments: Examples from the USA and China. Journal of Earth Science, 2009, 20(3): 606-617. doi: 10.1007/s12583-009-0050-z
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The formation factor relates bulk resistivity to pore fluid resistivity in porous materials. Understanding the formation factor is essential in using electrical and electromagnetic methods to monitor leachate accumulations and movements both within and around landfills. Specifically, the formation factor allows leachate resistivity, the degree of saturation, and, possibly, even the hydraulic conductivity of the waste to be estimated from non-invasive surface measurements. In this study, apparent formation factors are computed for three landfills with different types of waste as well as sediments contaminated by landfill leachate. Resistivity soundings at the closed Mallard North landfill in suburban Chicago (Illinois, USA) mapped leachate surfaces that were confirmed by monitoring wells. The resistivity of leachate-saturated waste from resistivity sounding inversions was then divided by the leachate resistivity values measured in-situ to compute apparent formation factors (
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