Advanced Search

Indexed by SCI、CA、РЖ、PA、CSA、ZR、etc .

Volume 24 Issue 2
Apr 2013
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Journal of Earth Science  > 2013  >  24(2): 274-281.
Yiqun Gan, Tingting Yu, Aiguo Zhou, Yunde Liu, Cunfu Liu. A Technique for Carbon and Chlorine Isotope Analyses of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons in Groundwater. Journal of Earth Science, 2013, 24(2): 274-281. doi: 10.1007/s12583-013-0328-z
Citation: Yiqun Gan, Tingting Yu, Aiguo Zhou, Yunde Liu, Cunfu Liu. A Technique for Carbon and Chlorine Isotope Analyses of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons in Groundwater. Journal of Earth Science, 2013, 24(2): 274-281. doi: 10.1007/s12583-013-0328-z
shu

A Technique for Carbon and Chlorine Isotope Analyses of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons in Groundwater

doi: 10.1007/s12583-013-0328-z
  • 1.

    School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

  • 2.

    State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

Funds:

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 40772156

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 41072179

More Information
  • Corresponding author: Yiqun Gan, yiqungan@cug.edu.cn
  • Received Date: 10 Jul 2012
  • Accepted Date: 28 Nov 2012
  • Publish Date: 01 Apr 2013
    Abstract
  • Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs), significant contaminants in groundwater, can be characterized by stable isotopic compositions of carbon and chlorine. Previously published methods were of low analytical sensitivity or not ideal for natural samples with low concentrations of CAHs. This method is reported here to carry out simultaneously carbon and chlorine isotope analyses for micromolar concentrations of dissolved CAHs. It was executed by extracting and converting CAHs to carbon dioxide and methyl chloride (CH3Cl). Specially, a continuous-flow interface GasBench Ⅱ was used to extract CH3Cl for online chlorine isotope analysis. As a result, it greatly enhances the efficiency for isotope analysis by eliminating procedures for offline CH3Cl preparation and separation. Sample size requirement was reduced to approximately 11 μmol chlorine. The standard deviation of δ13C and δ37Cl for both TCE solvents and water samples was better than 0.30‰ and 0.20‰ (1σ), respectively. Carbon and chlorine isotope analyses can be used as an important tool to study the sources of organic contaminants in groundwater and their behaviors in the aquifers. The method is applicable to manufacturers' products as well as a sample from a polluted site in principle, which will be validated in our field studies.

     

    • FullText(HTML)
  • loading
    • References(23)
  • Beneteau, K. M., Aravena, R., Frape, S. K., 1999. Isotopic Characterization of Chlorinated Solvents-Laboratory and Field Results. Organic Geochemistry, 30(8A): 739–753 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ShoppingCartURL&_method=add&_eid=1-s2.0-S0146638099000571&originContentFamily=serial&_origin=article&_ts=1466816564&md5=dcac1d6f37108a0cf1355d96a7c09313
    Boutton, T. W., Wong, W. W., Hachey, D. L., et al., 1983. Comparison of Quartz and Pyrex Tubes for Combustion of Organic Samples for Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis. Analytical Chemistry, 55(11): 1832–1833 doi: 10.1021/ac00261a049
    Drenzek, N. J., Tarr, C. H., Eglinton, T. I., et al., 2002. Stable Chlorine and Carbon Isotopic Compositions of Selected Semi-Volatile Organochlorine Compounds. Organic Geochemistry, 33(4): 437–444 doi: 10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00004-9
    Holt, B. D., Heraty, L. J., Sturchio, N. C., 2001. Extraction of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons from Groundwater at Micromolar Concentrations for Isotopic Analysis of Chlorine. Environmental Pollution, 113(3): 263–269 doi: 10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00191-3
    Holt, B. D., Sturchio, N. C., Abrajano, T. A., et al., 1997. Conversion of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds to Carbon Dioxide and Methyl Chloride for Isotopic Analysis of Carbon and Chlorine. Analytical Chemistry, 69(14): 2727–2733 doi: 10.1021/ac961096b
    Huang, L., Sturchio, N. C., Abrajano, T., et al., 1999. Carbon and Chlorine Isotope Fractionation of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons by Evaporation. Organic Geochemistry, 30(8): 777–785 doi: 10.1016/S0146-6380(99)00060-1
    Hunkeler, D., Aravena, R., Butler, B. J., 1999. Monitoring Microbial Dechlorination of Tetrachloroethene (PCE) in Groundwater Using Compound-Specific Stable Carbon Isotope Ratios: Microcosm and Field Studies. Environmental Science & Technology, 33(16): 2733–2738 doi: 10.1021/es981282u
    Jendrzejewski, N., Eggenkamp, H. G. M., Coleman, M. L., 1997. Sequential Determination of Chlorine and Carbon Isotopic Composition in Single Microliter Samples of Chlorinated Solvent. Analytical Chemistry, 69(20): 4259–4266 doi: 10.1021/ac970447z
    Jendrzejewski, N., Eggenkamp, H. G. M., Coleman, M. L., 2001. Characterisation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons from Chlorine and Carbon Isotopic Compositions: Scope of Application to Environmental Problems. Applied Geochemistry, 16(9–10): 1021–1031 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883292700000834
    Long, A., Eastoe, C. J., Kaufmann, R. S., et al., 1993. High-Precision Measurement of Chlorine Stable-Isotope Ratios. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57(12): 2907–2912 doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(93)90398-G
    Poulson, S. R., Drever, J. I., 1999. Stable Isotope (C, Cl, and H) Fractionation during Vaporization of Trichloroethylene. Environmental Science & Technology, 33(20): 3689–3694 http://www.onacademic.com/detail/journal_1000036671756110_ee33.html
    Sakaguchi-Söder, K., Jager, J., Grund, H., et al., 2007. Monitoring and Evaluation of Dechlorination Processes Using Compound-Specific Chlorine Isotope Analysis. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 21(18): 3077–3084 doi: 10.1002/rcm.3170
    Schmidt, T., Zwank, L., Elsner, M., et al., 2004. Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis of Organic Contaminants in Natural Environments: A Critical Review of the State of the Art, Prospects, and Future Challenges. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 378(2): 283–300 doi: 10.1007/s00216-003-2350-y
    Shouakar-Stash, O., Frape, S. K., Aravena, R., et al., 2009. Analysis of Compound-Specific Chlorine Stable Isotopes of Vinyl Chloride by Continuous Flow Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (FC-IRMS). Environmental Forensics, 10(4): 299–306 doi: 10.1080/15275920903347628
    Shouakar-Stash, O., Drimmie, R. J., Frape, S. K., 2005. Determination of Inorganic Chlorine Stable Isotopes by Continuous Flow Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 19(2): 121–127 doi: 10.1002/rcm.1762
    Shouakar-Stash, O., Drimmie, R. J., Zhang, M., et al., 2006. Compound-Specific Chlorine Isotope Ratios of TCE, PCE and DCE Isomers by Direct Injection Using CF-IRMS. Applied Geochemistry, 21(5): 766–781 doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.02.006
    Shouakar-Stash, O., Frape, S. K., Drimmie, R. J., 2003. Stable Hydrogen, Carbon and Chlorine Isotope Measurements of Selected Chlorinated Organic Solvents. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 60(3–4): 211–228 http://www.onacademic.com/detail/journal_1000035113047710_cbab.html
    Slater, G. F., Dempster, H. S., Lollar, B. S., et al., 1999. Headspace Analysis: A New Application for Isotopic Characterization of Dissolved Organic Contaminants. Environmental Science & Technology, 33(1): 190–194 http://lib3.dss.go.th/fulltext/Journal/Environ%20Sci.%20Technology1998-2001/1999/no.1/1,1999%20vol.33,no1,p190-194.pdf
    Sofer, Z., 1980. Preparation of Carbon Dioxide for Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis of Petroleum Fractions. Analytical Chemistry, 52(8): 1389–1391 doi: 10.1021/ac50058a063
    Sturchio, N. C., Clausen, J. L., Heraty, L. J., et al., 1998. Chlorine Isotope Investigation of Natural Attenuation of Trichloroethene in an Aerobic Aquifer. Environmental Science & Technology, 32(20): 3037–3042 http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Linnea_Heraty/publication/231291168_Chlorine_Isotope_Investigation_of_Natural_Attenuation_of_Trichloroethene_in_an_Aerobic_Aquifer/links/00b49516861a1bccc8000000.pdf
    van Warmerdam, E. M., Frape, S. K., Aravena, R., et al., 1995. Stable Chlorine and Carbon Isotope Measurements of Selected Chlorinated Organic Solvents. Applied Geochemistry, 10(5): 547–552 http://www.onacademic.com/detail/journal_1000035342232210_de36.html
    Wassenaar, L. I., Koehler, G., 2004. On-Line Technique for the Determination of the Delta Cl-37 of Inorganic and Total Organic Cl in Environmental Samples. Analytical Chemistry, 76(21): 6384–6388 http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leonard_Wassenaar/publication/8204489_On-Line_Technique_for_the_Determination_of_the__37_Cl_of_Inorganic_and_Total_Organic_Cl_in_Environmental_Samples/links/00b495283761f47127000000.pdf
    Xiao, Y. K., Zhou, Y. M., Wang, Q. Z., et al., 2002. A Secondary Isotopic Reference Material of Chlorine from Selected Seawater. Chemical Geology, 182(2–4): 655–661 http://210.77.94.226/local/ejournal/ChemGeol/CG2002/CG-2002-182(2-4)-655-661.pdf
    • Relative Articles
    • Supplements(0)
    • Cited By
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Figures(2)  / Tables(2)

    Get Citation
    PDF
    XML

    Article Metrics

    Article views(754) PDF downloads(34) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    Copyright © 2013-2020 Journal of Earth Science 鄂ICP备15021562号-2

    Tel: +86-27-67885075 Fax: +86-27-67885075 E-mail: xbb@cug.edu.cn

    Address: Editorial Office of Journal, China University of Geosciences, Yujiashan, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China

    Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd  E-mail: info@rhhz.net  

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return