| Citation: | Xinyu Wang, Zhen Yang, Nengsong Chen, Rui Liu. Petrogenesis and Ore Genesis of the Late Yanshanian Granites and Associated Porphyry-Skarn W-Mo Deposits from the Yunkai Area of South China:Evidence from the Zircon U-Pb Ages, Hf Isotopes and Sulfide S-Fe Isotopes. Journal of Earth Science, 2018, 29(4): 939-959. doi: 10.1007/s12583-017-0901-1
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The South China Block has experienced a complicated tectono-magmatic-mineralization history during the Late Yanashanian Period, with widespread multiple-stage granitic rocks (Fig. 1a) and associated Cu-Au-Pb-Zn-Ag and W-Sn-Mo ore deposits (Li and Jiang, 2016; Li et al., 2016; Jiang et al., 2013; Mao et al., 2011, 2008; Yang et al., 2011; Li and Li, 2007; Zhou et al., 2006). It has become one of the most important tungsten mining areas in China or even in the world. Mao et al. (2008) put forward a three-stage formation model for the South China tungsten deposits, namely, the Triassic (230–210 Ma), Jurassic (170–150 Ma) and Cretaceous (134–80 Ma) stages. It is noted that the Triassic tungsten mineralization is less important, with only a few tungsten-tin polymetallic deposits, such as those in the Gannan, Chongyi, and Dayu ore-concentrated areas in the Exian Tang tin-tungsten mineralization belt (Liu et al., 2008). The Jurassic metallogenesis is one of the most important metallogenic events in South China, and this time is also the main metallogenic period of tungsten. The main ore deposit types in this period include skarn-type and quartz-vein-type and a small amount of greisen-type. In recent years a large number of high-precision geochronology studies were carried out for this region's main tungsten-tin deposits and the ore-bearing granitic rocks, including the Shizhuyuan, Yaogangxian and Xintianling deposits in southern Hunan Province; the Taoxikeng, Dajinshan deposits in Jiangxi Province; the Shirenzhang deposit in northern Guangdong Province, and the Xingluo deposit in Fujian Province. Previous results showed that the major tungsten-tin mineralization took place between 165 and 150 Ma (Guo et al., 2012; Zhao et al., 2012, 2006; Chen M H et al., 2011; Fu et al., 2011; Chen F W et al., 2008; Jiang et al., 2008, 2006; Mao et al., 2008).
Yunkai area is a typical area in South China where developed Caledonian Orogeny (Wang et al., 2012, 2007), with widespread occurrence of Caledonian (Kwangsian) granites (Fig. 1b). The Yanshanian mineralization is the most important metallogenic event in the Yunkai area, with important Ag-Au polymetallic mineralization of Early Yanshanian such as the Yakeng and Chengcu deposits; and the Pb-Zn-Au-Ag deposits of Late Yanshanian such as the Fuzichong Pb-Zn-Ag deposit and the Jinshan Au deposit. In recent years, new tungsten- molybdenum (tin) deposits have been discovered in the Youmapo, Sanchachong, Michang, and Songwang (Fig. 2), which shows good potentials for tungsten-molybdenum ore prospecting in this region.
The tungsten-molybdenum deposits from the Yunkai area show large differences from the other parts of South China in the formation ages and their spatial distribution. In this region, the tungsten-molybdenum mineralization shows a close relationship to the large magmatic activity during the Late Yanshanian, in contrast to the Middle Yanshanian in other parts of South China (Yang et al., 2014). Therefore, the study of typical porphyry-skarn type tungsten-molybdenum deposits in the Yunkai area has important scientific significance to a better understanding of the Late Yanshanian magmatism and mineralization in the area.
In this study, we focuse on the newly discovered Youmapo tungsten-molybdenum deposit, Sanchachong tungsten deposit, Michang tungsten-molybdenum deposit, Songwang tungsten tin (-molybdenum) deposit. On the basis of field geological investigation and petrography study, we carried out a detailed study of zircon U-Pb dating and Hf isotopes, and sulfide S-Fe isotope geochemistry, in an effort to reveal the ore deposit characteristics, fluid properties and the source of ore-forming materials. These data can provide further constraints on the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of the granitic magmatism and associated mineralization in South China during Late Yanshanian, and it will also provide a scientific basis for guiding future prospecting exploration in the region.
Yunkai area is located in the southwest of South China Block (Fig. 1). Since the Early Paleozoic, the area was strongly influenced by the Caledonian Orogeny, Indosinian Orogeny and Yanshanian tectono-magmatic activity, with occurrence of granites in different ages and associated mineral deposits (Wang Y J et al., 2013, 2012, 2011; Zhang et al., 2012; Wan et al., 2010; Li Z X et al., 2009; Ling et al., 2006; Deng et al., 2004). As a result, the Yunkai area is not only located in the southwest of "Wu Yun" Caledonian orogenic belt in South China (Li et al., 2010), but also is located in the southwest of the famous "Qin Hang metallogenic belt" (Mao et al., 2011).
The Bobai-Cenxi fault and Wuchuan-Sihui fault divided the Yunkai area into three units, namely, the Southeast Guangxi, Yunkai and Middle Guangdong units. According to the characteristics of the rock assemblage and metamorphic deformation, the rocks of Yunkai area can be divided into two units: the upper part is mainly metamorphic volcanic-sedimentary formation with a set of greenschist facies (locally up to epidote- amphibolite facies), called the Yunkai Group; the lower part includes metamorphic rocks and intruded gneissic, ribbon, and eye (spot) ball shaped granitic rocks (including charnockite) up to amphibolite-granulite facies, which outcropped in Xinyi and Gaozhou area, known as Xinyi-Gaozhou complex rock (Wang et al., 2013; Chen et al., 2012; Peng et al., 2006). The lower lithology of Yunkai Group consists of mainly metamorphic arkose, mica-quartz schist, mica quartzite, garnet-mica-quartz schist, quartzite (siliceous rocks), with interbedded actinolite-diopside rock, metabasite (metagabbro, basalt and plagioclase amphibolite, etc.), banded magnetite layer, phosphate rock layer, and dolomitic marble layer. The lower unit of the Yunkai Group has a thickness > 1 307 m. The upper lithology of the Yunkai Group consists of mainly metamorphosed siltstone, quartz-sericite phyllite, siliceous rock, granet-bearing quartz schist, with thickness > 1 343 m (Peng et al., 2006). In addition, there are a lot of Caledonian-to-Yanshanian Period granitic rocks distributed in the Yunkai area.
The tungsten-molybdenum deposits in the Yunkai area are mainly located within the Bobai-Cenxi fault zone in the southeastern Guangxi Province, which belongs to the southern section of the Qin Hang metallogenic belt. This fault zone is also an important boundary fault, which separates Yunkai land to the southeast and the Bobai depression to the northwest (Zhou et al., 2015; GGST, 1986). As one of the important boundary faults in South China, this fault zone has experienced several tectonic movements and magmatic activities in the process of geologic evolution history. Since Caledonian Orogeny, this district has experienced multiple stage compression and extension. Especially during the Late Yanshanian stage occurred regional extension and large-scale magmatic activities with associated mineralization events, which formed a W-Mo-Sn-Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic metallogenic belt (Mao et al., 2008; Chen et al., 1990). A number of large- and medium- sized skarn-type tungsten-molybdenum deposits occurred in the southwest segment of the fault zone, including the Youmapo tungsten-molybdenum deposit, the Andong tungsten- molybdenum deposit, the Sanchachong tungsten-molybdenum deposit, the Michang (Liusu, Mocun) tungsten-molybdenum deposit, and the Songwang tungsten-tin deposit (Tang, 2009; Zhong and Huang, 2007; Ye, 2005). All of these deposits have close relationship with granitic magmatism.
The Youmapo tungsten-molybdenum deposit is located in the northeast of Bobai County, about 20 km away from the Xiuling Village of Jingkou Town. The outcropped rocks include the Silurian and Devonian system formations in the mining area. The major thrust fracture in the mining area shows an NE-extending, with the secondary fault trending NW. The Youmapo granodioritic stock occurs in the southeast of the mining area, with an outcrop of about 1.3 km2, which intruded into the Silurian and Devonian strata. Porphyritic and skarn mineralization occurred near the Youmapo granodioritic body and in the contact zone between the granodiorite and the host carbonate rock. The tungsten mineralization took place with the formation of skarn alteration. Part of the ore body formed within fractures of the granodioritic rock, with the form of molybdenite-quartz veins. The ore minerals include scheelite, molybdenite, bismuthinite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, pyrite, marcasite, pyrrhotite and a small amount of wolframite and trace amount of natural gold. The gangue minerals are mainly garnet, quartz, calcite, fluorite; with minor amounts of actinolite, epidote, diopside, chlorite, plagioclase and white mica. The skarn minerals include garnet, diopside, actinolite, epidote, and chlorite. The alterations associated with the vein-type mineralization include mainly silicification, potassium alteration, chloritization, and sericitization.
The Sanchachong tungsten deposit is located in the southwest section of the Bobai-Wuzhou fault zone. This is mainly a skarn-type tungsten deposit, which also contains minor molybdenum (Ye, 2005). The outcropped rocks in the mining area include the Ordovician and Devonian strata, including sandstone, limestone and argillaceous siltstone, which have all turned into schists during regional metamorphism. The major fault is the NE-trending compressive shear fault. Magmatic rock occurring in the mining area is mainly the biotite granite. Ore bodies are found mainly in the outer skarn contact zone in the Ordovician formation of the fourth period of Dongchong Group, which were controlled by fault. The shapes of the ore bodies include bedded and lenticular. Ore minerals include mainly scheelite, wolframite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, limonite, and cassiterite. The gangue minerals are quartz, chlorite, epidote, garnet, and mica. Alterations include skarnication, silicification, pyritization and greisenization.
The Michang tungsten-molybdenum deposit is located about 10 km from the Michang County. Ore bodies occur in the contact zone between the Michang granite and the Ordovician Huangai Group of marble, quartz schist, and gneiss. The Michang granitoid rocks of mainly biotite granite and granodiorite show a medium-coarse grained structure, which can be divided into two phases (internal phase and marginal phase). In the marginal facies, the phenomenon of hybrid can be seen. There are two major types of the ores, one is the tungsten- molybdenum ore associated with garnet skarn and the other is the tungsten ore associated with hornblende-epidote quartzite. Ore minerals include scheelite, molybdenite, pyrite and chalcopyrite. The gangue minerals are mainly of garnet, quartz, chlorite, calcite, hornblende, and epidote.
The Songwang tungsten-molybdenum-tin deposit in the Bobai Town is located in the southwest end of the Dongtao anticline, which is in the southeast of the Luchuan-Cenxi deep fault (Tang, 2009). The outcropped rocks include Early Palaeozoic migmatites and Middle–Lower Devonian low-grade metamorphic rocks. The fault systems in the mining area include mainly the SN-trending fault and secondarily the EW-trending fault. Magmatic rocks are widely distributed in the mining area, including mainly the Songwang fine-grained biotite granite and the Guogailing porphyritic granite.
Orebody occurs mainly within the Guogailing porphyritic granite and its contact zone with the augen migmatite in the layered and lenticular form. The orebody is mainly controlled by structural fractures of NE direction. The mineralization is mainly Mo, followed by W and Sn mineralization. Ore minerals include mainly molybdenite, followed by wolframite, cassiterite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, columbite- tantalite, and ilmenite. The gangue minerals are plagioclase, potassium feldspar, quartz, biotite, sericite, white mica, and chlorite, with minor amounts of tourmaline and fluorite.
The alterations are mainly silicification, potassium feldspathization, greisenization, topazization, sericitization, followed by chloritization and pyritization. The silicification, potassium feldspathization and greisenization show a close relationship with the mineralization.
The studied samples are collected from four typical porphyry and skarn-type deposits including the Michang, Youmapo, Sanchachong, and Songwang in the western region of the Yunkai area. Five granite samples and one mafic enclave in the granite (Fig. 3) are used for zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotopic analysis (Fig. 4), and twelve samples of pyrite, pyrrhotite, galena and sphalerite are selected for S-isotope analysis (Fig. 7) and eleven pyrite samples are selected for Fe isotope analysis (Fig. 8).
Among them, samples MC03, MC10 and GT02 are collected from the Michang tungsten-molybdenum deposit. Sample MC03 is a biotite granite, which consists mainly of potassium feldspar (~40%), plagioclase (~20%), quartz (~25%) and biotite (~10%). Accessory minerals include mainly magnetite, apatite, sphene and zircon. Sample MC10 is a mafic enclave in the Michang biotite granite, which shows a porphyritic structure and has a dioritic composition. The main minerals are plagioclase (~40%), potassium feldspar (~5%), quartz (~4%), hornblende (~35%), and biotite (~15%), with a small amount of accessory minerals such as sphene, zircon and apatite (~1%). Sample GT02 is a biotite granite, consisting of potassium feldspar (~40%), plagioclase (~15%), quartz (~30%) and biotite (~10%). Accessory minerals include mainly apatite and zircon (a total of ~5%). Sample SY03 is a biotite granite from the Youmapo tungsten-molybdenum deposit, consisting of potassium feldspar (~42%), plagioclase (~23%), quartz (~25%) and biotite (~10%). Accessory minerals include apatite and zircon (a total of ~5%). Locally, chloritization occurred in this rock.
Sample SC07 is a biotite granite from the Sanchachong tungsten-molybdenum deposit. The main minerals are potassium feldspar (~40%), plagioclase (~18%), quartz (~32%) and biotite (~8%). Apatite, titanite and zircon (a total of ~2%) are mainly accessory minerals. Locally, chloritization also occurred in this rock.
Sample SW08 is a granite-porphyry from the Songwang tungsten-molybdenum-(tin) deposit. The main minerals are potassium feldspar (~45%), plagioclase (~20%), quartz (~30%) and biotite (~3%). Apatite, titanite and zircon (a total of ~2%) are the main accessory minerals.
Zircon samples were separated using the method of heavy liquid and magnetic separation technology, and then handpicked under a binocular microscope according to crystal shape, color and transparency. Selected zircon grains were mounted in an epoxy disc and polished to expose the interiors. The morphology and internal structure of zircons were characterized by optical microscopy and cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging using a Mono CL3+ (Gatan, USA) detection system in the Scanning Electron Microscopy Laboratory of Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.
Zircon U-Pb isotope dating was completed in the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources (GPMR) of China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) used LA-ICP-MS analysis mothod with GeoLas 2005 for Laser ablation system, Agilent 7500a for ICP-MS. Laser ablation process using helium as a carrier gas, argon as compensate gas to adjust the sensitivity, through a T-shape joint to mixture before them entering the ICP. Adding a small amount of nitrogen in the center of the plasma gases (Ar+He), can be effective to enhance the sensitivity, lower detection limit and improve the analysis precision (Hu et al., 2008a).
The resolution of analysis data includes about 20–30 s blank signal and 50 s sample signal in each time. Offline processing for the data analysis (including the selection of sample and the blank signal, the sensitivity drift correction, element content, U-Th-Pb isotope ratio and age calculation) using the software of ICPMSDataCal (Li et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2008). The detailed instrument operating conditions and the method of data processing are arranged according to Liu R et al. (2010). U-Pb isotope dating using isotopic fractionation of zircon standard 91500 as external standard calibration, two times 91500 analysis when each of five sample points analysis has been done. For U-Th-Pb isotope ratios drift related to the analysis time, using the way of linear interpolation of the 91500 changes for calibration (Li et al., 2010). U-Th-Pb isotope ratio of the Zircon standard 91500 is in accordance with the recommended Wiedenbeck et al. (1995). Zircon sample's U-Pb age harmonic mapping and weighted average age calculation were completed by using Isoplot/Ex_ver3 (Ludwig, 2003).
The test of zircon Hf isotope ratios in situ micro zone by laser ablation of receiving more cups of plasma masss pectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) was completed in the State Key Laboratory of Processes and Mineral Resources (GPMR), China University of Geosciences (Wuhan). The system of Laser ablation is GeoLas 2005 (Lambda Physik, Germany), the MC-ICP-MS is Neptune Plus (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Germany). The system is equipped with the signal smoothing device which is research independent and developed by laboratory. Even if the laser pulse frequency declines to 1 Hz, device still can obtain steady signal (Hu et al., 2012a). For the 100 and 93 nm laser, under the condition of a given instrument, using the helium as a carrier gas is two times higher than using the argon gas in signal sensitivity (Hu et al., 2008b). Research also suggests that the sensitivity of most elements can be further enhanced when it introduces a small amount of nitrogen (Hu et al., 2008a). Relative to the standard cone combination of Neptune Plus, a new design of X intercept cone combination and Jet sampling cone combination can improve the Hf, Yb and Lu sensitivity respectively 5.3 times, 4.0 times and 2.4 times under the condition of a small amount of nitrogen to joined. The laser output power can be adjusted, and the actual output energy density is 5.3 J/cm2. Adopts the model is single point denudation, the spot beam fixed at 44 μm. Details of analysis method and conditions about instrument can refer to Hu et al. (2012b).
The major limitation to accurate in situ zircon Hf isotope determination by LA-MC-ICP-MS is the very large isobaric interference from 176Yb and, to a much lesser extent 176Lu on 176Hf. Research shows that the quality of Yb fractionation factor (βYb) is not a fixed value in the process of testing for a long time. The βYb of the zircon Hf isotopic interference correction by testing in sample solution way does not apply to the laser sample pattern (Woodhead et al., 2004). The βYb error estimation will significantly affect 176Yb interference correction to 176Hf, and futher affect 176Hf/177Hf ratio accurate determination. In this experiment, we obtained the zircon sample's βYb for interference correction. 179Hf/177Hf=0.732 5 and 173Yb/171Yb= 1.130 17 (Segal et al., 2003) were used to calculate the βHf and βYb quality fractionation factor of Hf and Yb. 179Hf/177Hf and 173Yb/171Yb ratios were used to calculate Hf (βHf) and Yb (βYb) the quality of the deviation. Deduct 176Yb commensuration ectopic interference to 176Hf by using the 176Yb/173Yb=0.793 81 (Segal et al., 2003). Deduct the relatively small disturbance of 176Lu commensuration ectopic interference to 176Hf by using the 176Lu/175Lu=0.026 56 (Blichert-Toft et al., 1997).
As Yb and Lu have similar physical and chemical properties, we use the βYb quality fractionation factor of Yb to correct Lu quality fractionation behavior in this experiment. The analysis of data's off-line process was accomplished (including the sample and the blank signal selection, isotope quality fractionation correction) using software ICPMSDataCal (Liu X H et al., 2010), εHf(t) was calculated with 176Lu decay constant of 1.865×10-11 a-1 (Scherer et al., 2001), the present-day chondritic ratios of 176Hf/177Hf=0.282 772 and 176Lu/177Hf=0.033 2 (Blichert-Toft et al., 1997). Hf model age (TDM1) of depleted mantle calculated using current depleted mantle 176Hf/177Hf=0.283 25 and 176Lu/177Hf=0.038 4 (Griffin et al., 2000). Hf model age (TDM2) of the two-phase calculated using an average of continental crust 176Lu/177Hf=0.015 (Griffin et al., 2002).
Pyrite and pyrrhotite are predominant sulfide minerals accompanied with the W-Mo mineralization, and were collected in the Sanchachong, Songwang and Sanyu deposits, to analyze the sulfide sulfur isotopic (n=11) and iron isotopic (n=12) geochemistry. S isotope test was accomplished at the Isotope Laboratory University of Arizona in the United States (Environmental Isotope Laboratory, University of Arizona). Samples after crushing, oscillation, washing one hour and drying in the ultrasonic cleaning machine, differently selected sulfide mineral grains 0.5 g of pyrite, pyrrhotite, galena and sphalerite under the binocular microscope. Pyrite and other sulfides heating to 1 150 ℃ under the condition of high vacuum, SO2 were extracted with Cu2O as oxidant, frozen the release of SO2 with liquid nitrogen into the charge for mass spectrometry analysis. Isotope values expression with the ratio micrometer difference of sample (A) and the corresponding standard R, says that δMA=[(RA–RStd)/RStd]×100 (type of R=(S34/S32); M=S34; RStd is the reference standard ratio, sulfur isotope standard using V-CDT). Average analysis error of delta value, sulfur is ±0.2‰. The test of Fe isotope work accomplishes in Center of the Water Environment of Canada Trent University (Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Canada).
Zircon grains are mostly colorless and transparent in Sample MC03 of Michang biotite granite, part is dark brown. The size of zircon grains ranges in 50–300 μm, and the length to width ratios are between 1: 1 and 5: 1. In the cathodoluminescence (CL) images (Fig. 4, MC03), almost all the zircons show typical rhythmic oscillation zoning, indicating magmatic origin. In addition, small amounts of zircons show obvious core-rim structures. According to the U-Pb dating of eighteen zircon grains of MC03 (Table 1, Fig. 5, MC03), the 206Pb/238U ages are between 107 and 113 Ma, with a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 110±1 Ma (MSWD=2.0), and this age may represent the emplacement age of the Michang biotite granite. In sample MC10 of the mafic enclaves in the biotite granite, zircon grains are mostly colorless and transparent, and part is tan. The grain size ranges in 30–200 μm, and the length to width ratios are between 1: 1 and 5: 1. In the cathodoluminescence (CL) images (Fig. 4, MC10), most zircon grains display patch-shaped band, planar band or band, and a handful of zircon grains show rhythmic oscillation zoning. In addition, small amounts of zircon grains show also core-rim structures. Fourteen zircon U-Pb dating results yield 206Pb/238U ages between 106 and 112 Ma, with a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 109±1 Ma (MSWD=1.8) (Table 1, Fig. 5, MC10). A spot analysis also points to an inherited zircon in this sample with a 206Pb/238U age of 194±6 Ma.
| Point | Th (μg/g) | U (μg/g) | Th/U | 207Pb/206Pb | 1σ | 207Pb/235U | 1σ | 206Pb/238U | 1σ | 207Pb/206Pb (Ma) | 1σ | 207Pb/235U (Ma) | 1σ | 206Pb/238U (Ma) | 1σ |
| MC03 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 418 | 798 | 0.52 | 0.049 4 | 0.002 0 | 0.114 0 | 0.004 7 | 0.016 7 | 0.000 2 | 169 | 92 | 110 | 4 | 107 | 1 |
| 2 | 370 | 638 | 0.58 | 0.049 1 | 0.001 6 | 0.117 8 | 0.004 0 | 0.017 3 | 0.000 2 | 154 | 78 | 113 | 4 | 111 | 1 |
| 3 | 538 | 1 251 | 0.43 | 0.049 7 | 0.001 6 | 0.118 4 | 0.003 8 | 0.017 1 | 0.000 2 | 189 | 74 | 114 | 3 | 109 | 1 |
| 4 | 489 | 607 | 0.81 | 0.050 0 | 0.001 9 | 0.116 5 | 0.004 5 | 0.016 9 | 0.000 2 | 195 | 89 | 112 | 4 | 108 | 1 |
| 5 | 408 | 632 | 0.65 | 0.049 7 | 0.002 2 | 0.116 7 | 0.005 1 | 0.017 1 | 0.000 2 | 189 | 104 | 112 | 5 | 109 | 1 |
| 6 | 333 | 556 | 0.60 | 0.048 4 | 0.002 6 | 0.118 2 | 0.006 7 | 0.017 6 | 0.000 3 | 117 | 122 | 113 | 6 | 112 | 2 |
| 7 | 485 | 734 | 0.66 | 0.048 7 | 0.002 2 | 0.116 3 | 0.005 4 | 0.017 3 | 0.000 2 | 200 | 109 | 112 | 5 | 111 | 2 |
| 8 | 336 | 611 | 0.55 | 0.051 3 | 0.002 1 | 0.118 3 | 0.004 7 | 0.016 8 | 0.000 2 | 254 | 88 | 114 | 4 | 107 | 1 |
| 9 | 246 | 517 | 0.48 | 0.050 0 | 0.002 1 | 0.116 9 | 0.004 8 | 0.017 0 | 0.000 2 | 195 | 94 | 112 | 4 | 109 | 1 |
| 10 | 404 | 742 | 0.54 | 0.049 7 | 0.001 9 | 0.115 6 | 0.004 3 | 0.016 9 | 0.000 2 | 189 | 89 | 111 | 4 | 108 | 1 |
| 11 | 1061 | 1 266 | 0.84 | 0.048 9 | 0.001 3 | 0.114 6 | 0.003 2 | 0.017 0 | 0.000 2 | 143 | 66 | 110 | 3 | 108 | 1 |
| 12 | 320 | 675 | 0.47 | 0.048 9 | 0.002 0 | 0.118 1 | 0.004 9 | 0.017 6 | 0.000 2 | 143 | 96 | 113 | 4 | 112 | 1 |
| 13 | 266 | 524 | 0.51 | 0.049 1 | 0.002 4 | 0.119 0 | 0.005 9 | 0.017 6 | 0.000 2 | 150 | 115 | 114 | 5 | 113 | 2 |
| 14 | 366 | 662 | 0.55 | 0.048 3 | 0.001 9 | 0.116 0 | 0.004 6 | 0.017 5 | 0.000 2 | 122 | 94 | 111 | 4 | 112 | 1 |
| 15 | 370 | 611 | 0.61 | 0.0510 | 0.002 0 | 0.118 2 | 0.004 6 | 0.016 9 | 0.000 2 | 239 | 91 | 113 | 4 | 108 | 1 |
| 16 | 295 | 536 | 0.55 | 0.046 6 | 0.001 8 | 0.112 6 | 0.004 4 | 0.017 5 | 0.000 2 | 28 | 89 | 108 | 4 | 112 | 1 |
| 17 | 453 | 752 | 0.60 | 0.050 1 | 0.001 6 | 0.119 7 | 0.003 9 | 0.017 2 | 0.000 2 | 198 | 105 | 115 | 4 | 110 | 1 |
| 18 | 344 | 521 | 0.66 | 0.048 9 | 0.002 0 | 0.117 6 | 0.005 1 | 0.017 4 | 0.000 2 | 139 | 96 | 113 | 5 | 111 | 1 |
| MC10 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 289 | 665 | 0.43 | 0.050 2 | 0.002 2 | 0.116 6 | 0.005 5 | 0.017 2 | 0.000 3 | 211 | 102 | 112 | 5 | 110 | 2 |
| 2 | 286 | 494 | 0.58 | 0.050 8 | 0.002 3 | 0.118 3 | 0.005 2 | 0.016 8 | 0.000 2 | 232 | 104 | 114 | 5 | 108 | 1 |
| 3 | 324 | 584 | 0.56 | 0.050 3 | 0.001 7 | 0.120 1 | 0.004 1 | 0.017 3 | 0.000 2 | 209 | 80 | 115 | 4 | 110 | 1 |
| 4 | 359 | 545 | 0.66 | 0.051 1 | 0.002 1 | 0.116 7 | 0.004 4 | 0.016 7 | 0.000 2 | 243 | 99 | 112 | 4 | 107 | 1 |
| 5 | 191 | 432 | 0.44 | 0.048 7 | 0.002 3 | 0.114 5 | 0.005 5 | 0.017 1 | 0.000 2 | 132 | 115 | 110 | 5 | 110 | 2 |
| 6 | 717 | 881 | 0.81 | 0.050 3 | 0.001 8 | 0.113 7 | 0.004 3 | 0.016 5 | 0.000 2 | 209 | 88 | 109 | 4 | 106 | 1 |
| 7 | 284 | 364 | 0.78 | 0.048 9 | 0.002 4 | 0.114 8 | 0.005 6 | 0.017 3 | 0.000 2 | 143 | 117 | 110 | 5 | 110 | 2 |
| 8 | 1 662 | 1 348 | 1.23 | 0.047 1 | 0.001 7 | 0.113 6 | 0.004 3 | 0.017 4 | 0.000 2 | 54 | 89 | 109 | 4 | 111 | 1 |
| 9 | 203 | 314 | 0.65 | 0.049 7 | 0.003 0 | 0.117 7 | 0.006 8 | 0.017 4 | 0.000 3 | 189 | 141 | 113 | 6 | 111 | 2 |
| 10 | 247 | 517 | 0.48 | 0.047 1 | 0.002 2 | 0.113 3 | 0.005 1 | 0.017 5 | 0.000 2 | 58 | 107 | 109 | 5 | 112 | 1 |
| 11 | 513 | 916 | 0.56 | 0.048 2 | 0.001 7 | 0.114 7 | 0.004 0 | 0.017 2 | 0.000 2 | 109 | 77 | 110 | 4 | 110 | 1 |
| 12 | 576 | 860 | 0.67 | 0.048 0 | 0.001 7 | 0.113 5 | 0.003 9 | 0.017 2 | 0.000 2 | 98 | 88 | 109 | 4 | 110 | 1 |
| 13 | 575 | 671 | 0.86 | 0.048 5 | 0.001 9 | 0.113 6 | 0.004 3 | 0.016 9 | 0.000 2 | 124 | 91 | 109 | 4 | 108 | 1 |
| 14 | 3 394 | 2 239 | 1.52 | 0.047 3 | 0.001 3 | 0.112 4 | 0.003 1 | 0.017 1 | 0.000 2 | 65 | 63 | 108 | 3 | 109 | 1 |
| SC07 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 304 | 2 358 | 0.13 | 0.051 7 | 0.002 6 | 0.117 1 | 0.006 1 | 0.016 2 | 0.000 2 | 272 | 115 | 112 | 6 | 104 | 1 |
| 2 | 618 | 1 851 | 0.33 | 0.050 0 | 0.003 0 | 0.113 0 | 0.006 4 | 0.016 5 | 0.000 3 | 195 | 139 | 109 | 6 | 105 | 2 |
| 3c | 358 | 1 367 | 0.26 | 0.056 3 | 0.002 6 | 0.256 7 | 0.017 4 | 0.031 0 | 0.001 5 | 461 | 106 | 232 | 14 | 197 | 9 |
| 4 | 543 | 4 737 | 0.11 | 0.047 0 | 0.001 9 | 0.102 8 | 0.004 0 | 0.015 8 | 0.000 2 | 56 | 83 | 99.4 | 3.7 | 101 | 1 |
| 5 | 200 | 920 | 0.22 | 0.060 6 | 0.004 3 | 0.131 7 | 0.009 6 | 0.016 0 | 0.000 3 | 628 | 154 | 126 | 9 | 102 | 2 |
| 6 | 582 | 1 951 | 0.3 | 0.051 2 | 0.003 1 | 0.112 5 | 0.006 5 | 0.016 1 | 0.000 2 | 256 | 141 | 108 | 6 | 103 | 2 |
| 7 | 897 | 3 178 | 0.28 | 0.049 4 | 0.002 3 | 0.107 6 | 0.004 8 | 0.016 0 | 0.000 2 | 165 | 109 | 104 | 4 | 102 | 1 |
| 8 | 612 | 3 327 | 0.18 | 0.049 7 | 0.002 1 | 0.109 7 | 0.004 5 | 0.015 9 | 0.000 2 | 189 | 100 | 106 | 4 | 102 | 1 |
| 9 | 624 | 2 638 | 0.24 | 0.048 8 | 0.002 7 | 0.109 4 | 0.005 9 | 0.016 3 | 0.000 2 | 139 | -69 | 105 | 5 | 104 | 1 |
| 10 | 1 185 | 2 505 | 0.47 | 0.046 4 | 0.002 2 | 0.103 9 | 0.004 9 | 0.016 3 | 0.000 2 | 20 | 111 | 100 | 4 | 104 | 1 |
| 11 | 783 | 2 797 | 0.28 | 0.048 2 | 0.002 3 | 0.107 7 | 0.005 0 | 0.016 2 | 0.000 2 | 106 | 111 | 104 | 5 | 104 | 1 |
| 12 | 532 | 2 541 | 0.21 | 0.047 5 | 0.002 7 | 0.107 0 | 0.005 9 | 0.016 4 | 0.000 3 | 72 | 139 | 103 | 5 | 105 | 2 |
| 13c | 383 | 384 | 1 | 0.080 8 | 0.003 0 | 2.254 8 | 0.080 8 | 0.201 1 | 0.002 5 | 1218 | 72 | 1198 | 25 | 1181 | 13 |
| 14 | 338 | 1 858 | 0.18 | 0.051 4 | 0.003 1 | 0.115 0 | 0.006 6 | 0.016 4 | 0.000 3 | 257 | 134 | 111 | 6 | 105 | 2 |
| 15 | 357 | 1 279 | 0.28 | 0.061 1 | 0.006 8 | 0.138 1 | 0.016 1 | 0.016 3 | 0.000 3 | 643 | 238 | 131 | 14 | 104 | 2 |
| SW08 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 151 | 241 | 0.63 | 0.100 7 | 0.013 6 | 0.179 8 | 0.028 2 | 0.013 0 | 0.000 5 | 1637 | 253 | 168 | 24 | 83 | 3 |
| 2c | 416 | 2 011 | 0.21 | 0.052 6 | 0.002 2 | 0.328 5 | 0.014 4 | 0.045 4 | 0.000 7 | 313 | 90 | 288 | 11 | 286 | 4 |
| 3 | 393 | 683 | 0.58 | 0.062 4 | 0.006 3 | 0.115 2 | 0.013 4 | 0.013 4 | 0.000 4 | 687 | 213 | 111 | 12 | 86 | 2 |
| 4 | 302 | 498 | 0.61 | 0.079 5 | 0.007 1 | 0.150 6 | 0.015 6 | 0.013 8 | 0.000 4 | 1 183 | 173 | 142 | 14 | 88 | 2 |
| 5 | 215 | 393 | 0.55 | 0.082 4 | 0.011 1 | 0.151 6 | 0.023 1 | 0.013 3 | 0.000 5 | 1 256 | 270 | 143 | 20 | 85 | 3 |
| 6 | 200 | 246 | 0.82 | 0.101 3 | 0.013 6 | 0.187 7 | 0.029 9 | 0.013 4 | 0.000 6 | 1 649 | 250 | 175 | 26 | 86 | 4 |
| 7 | 1 132 | 961 | 1.18 | 0.046 1 | 0.005 3 | 0.084 4 | 0.010 6 | 0.013 3 | 0.000 3 | 3 | 216 | 82 | 10 | 85 | 2 |
| 8 | 285 | 463 | 0.61 | 0.090 3 | 0.006 7 | 0.152 1 | 0.012 2 | 0.013 5 | 0.000 4 | 1 431 | 139 | 144 | 11 | 87 | 2 |
| 9 | 416 | 684 | 0.61 | 0.060 0 | 0.008 9 | 0.111 5 | 0.017 6 | 0.013 5 | 0.000 3 | 602 | 315 | 107 | 16 | 86 | 2 |
| 10 | 1 661 | 1 062 | 1.56 | 0.055 7 | 0.003 0 | 0.107 9 | 0.006 2 | 0.014 4 | 0.000 3 | 439 | 116 | 104 | 6 | 92 | 2 |
| 11 | 1 199 | 956 | 1.25 | 0.046 7 | 0.006 3 | 0.087 6 | 0.012 9 | 0.013 6 | 0.000 4 | 35 | 246 | 85 | 12 | 87 | 2 |
| 12 | 166 | 257 | 0.65 | 0.079 3 | 0.015 8 | 0.136 2 | 0.030 5 | 0.012 5 | 0.000 5 | 1 179 | 415 | 130 | 27 | 80 | 3 |
| 13 | 301 | 458 | 0.66 | 0.063 7 | 0.009 9 | 0.120 3 | 0.020 7 | 0.013 7 | 0.000 5 | 733 | 324 | 115 | 19 | 88 | 3 |
| 14 | 2 377 | 1 283 | 1.85 | 0.047 2 | 0.005 3 | 0.090 2 | 0.011 3 | 0.013 9 | 0.000 3 | 60 | 220 | 88 | 11 | 89 | 2 |
| 15c | 172 | 655 | 0.26 | 0.067 1 | 0.002 9 | 0.431 5 | 0.019 7 | 0.046 4 | 0.000 7 | 841 | 88 | 364 | 14 | 292 | 4 |
| 16c | 958 | 1 281 | 0.75 | 0.067 1 | 0.003 2 | 0.431 5 | 0.019 7 | 0.046 4 | 0.000 7 | 2628 | 54 | 2392 | 31 | 2098 | 26 |
| 17 | 1 326 | 970 | 1.37 | 0.046 6 | 0.004 5 | 0.088 7 | 0.009 5 | 0.013 8 | 0.000 3 | 27 | 194 | 86 | 9 | 88 | 2 |
| 18 | 2 165 | 1 300 | 1.67 | 0.051 7 | 0.004 5 | 0.099 4 | 0.008 8 | 0.014 1 | 0.000 3 | 270 | 187 | 96 | 8 | 90 | 2 |
| 19 | 1 392 | 952 | 1.46 | 0.056 6 | 0.005 5 | 0.108 3 | 0.010 8 | 0.013 9 | 0.000 3 | 475 | 211 | 104 | 10 | 89 | 2 |
| 20 | 151 | 241 | 0.63 | 0.100 7 | 0.013 6 | 0.179 8 | 0.028 2 | 0.013 0 | 0.000 5 | 1637 | 253 | 168 | 24 | 83 | 3 |
| SY03 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 355 | 1 398 | 0.25 | 0.049 4 | 0.001 7 | 0.112 4 | 0.003 8 | 0.016 4 | 0.000 2 | 169 | 84 | 108 | 3 | 105 | 1 |
| 2 | 197 | 1 132 | 0.17 | 0.049 1 | 0.001 5 | 0.110 9 | 0.003 5 | 0.016 3 | 0.000 2 | 154 | 77 | 107 | 3 | 104 | 1 |
| 3 | 126 | 869 | 0.14 | 0.046 4 | 0.001 9 | 0.102 7 | 0.004 2 | 0.016 0 | 0.000 2 | 20 | 100 | 99 | 4 | 103 | 1 |
| 4 | 161 | 1 044 | 0.15 | 0.051 2 | 0.001 7 | 0.115 1 | 0.003 7 | 0.016 3 | 0.000 2 | 256 | 74 | 111 | 3 | 104 | 1 |
| 5 | 600 | 1 974 | 0.30 | 0.052 9 | 0.001 3 | 0.116 8 | 0.002 9 | 0.016 0 | 0.000 2 | 328 | 28 | 112 | 3 | 102 | 1 |
| 6 | 148 | 926 | 0.16 | 0.048 8 | 0.001 8 | 0.111 9 | 0.004 2 | 0.016 7 | 0.000 2 | 200 | 89 | 108 | 4 | 107 | 1 |
| 7 | 216 | 1 204 | 0.18 | 0.048 9 | 0.001 8 | 0.10 95 | 0.003 8 | 0.016 4 | 0.000 2 | 143 | 90 | 106 | 4 | 105 | 1 |
| 8 | 195 | 1 320 | 0.15 | 0.048 3 | 0.001 7 | 0.108 0 | 0.003 9 | 0.016 2 | 0.000 2 | 122 | 81 | 104 | 4 | 104 | 1 |
| 9 | 301 | 1 079 | 0.28 | 0.049 5 | 0.001 7 | 0.111 3 | 0.003 9 | 0.016 3 | 0.000 2 | 169 | 78 | 107 | 4 | 104 | 1 |
| 10 | 201 | 1 206 | 0.17 | 0.049 6 | 0.001 5 | 0.112 9 | 0.003 6 | 0.016 5 | 0.000 2 | 176 | 70 | 109 | 3 | 105 | 1 |
| 11 | 215 | 1 667 | 0.13 | 0.048 6 | 0.001 6 | 0.110 9 | 0.003 9 | 0.016 5 | 0.000 2 | 128 | 78 | 107 | 4 | 105 | 1 |
| 12 | 352 | 3 253 | 0.11 | 0.048 5 | 0.001 3 | 0.114 6 | 0.003 1 | 0.017 1 | 0.000 2 | 124 | 61 | 110 | 3 | 109 | 1 |
| 13 | 140 | 1 061 | 0.13 | 0.048 6 | 0.001 8 | 0.111 5 | 0.004 1 | 0.016 7 | 0.000 2 | 128 | 87 | 107 | 4 | 107 | 1 |
| 14 | 139 | 711 | 0.20 | 0.050 1 | 0.002 1 | 0.110 7 | 0.004 5 | 0.016 2 | 0.000 2 | 198 | 101 | 107 | 4 | 103 | 1 |
| 15 | 230 | 948 | 0.24 | 0.049 5 | 0.001 9 | 0.112 7 | 0.004 5 | 0.016 5 | 0.000 2 | 172 | 91 | 108 | 4 | 105 | 1 |
| 16 | 136 | 1 060 | 0.13 | 0.046 7 | 0.001 5 | 0.108 4 | 0.003 5 | 0.016 8 | 0.000 2 | 35 | 74 | 105 | 3 | 108 | 1 |
| 17 | 336 | 1 523 | 0.22 | 0.049 7 | 0.001 5 | 0.116 0 | 0.003 9 | 0.016 8 | 0.000 2 | 183 | 72 | 111 | 4 | 108 | 1 |
| 18 | 208 | 1 407 | 0.15 | 0.047 1 | 0.001 4 | 0.105 0 | 0.003 1 | 0.016 1 | 0.000 1 | 58 | 67 | 101 | 3 | 103 | 1 |
| GT02 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 134 | 170 | 0.79 | 0.048 8 | 0.005 7 | 0.098 7 | 0.011 0 | 0.015 2 | 0.000 4 | 139 | 252 | 96 | 10 | 97 | 3 |
| 2 | 250 | 265 | 0.94 | 0.049 1 | 0.003 0 | 0.101 0 | 0.005 9 | 0.015 0 | 0.000 2 | 154 | -56 | 98 | 5 | 96 | 2 |
| 3 | 130 | 147 | 0.89 | 0.051 1 | 0.003 0 | 0.102 9 | 0.005 9 | 0.015 1 | 0.000 3 | 243 | 137 | 99 | 5 | 97 | 2 |
| 4 | 323 | 342 | 0.95 | 0.048 8 | 0.002 9 | 0.103 6 | 0.006 0 | 0.015 4 | 0.000 2 | 139 | 133 | 100 | 6 | 99 | 2 |
| 5 | 415 | 430 | 0.96 | 0.043 2 | 0.002 3 | 0.092 1 | 0.004 6 | 0.015 5 | 0.000 2 | 89 | 4 | 99 | 1 | ||
| 6 | 138 | 141 | 0.98 | 0.053 6 | 0.003 4 | 0.111 1 | 0.007 0 | 0.015 0 | 0.000 3 | 367 | 147 | 107 | 6 | 96 | 2 |
| 7 | 301 | 546 | 0.55 | 0.049 2 | 0.002 3 | 0.103 2 | 0.004 8 | 0.015 2 | 0.000 2 | 167 | 111 | 100 | 4 | 97 | 1 |
| 8 | 394 | 512 | 0.77 | 0.046 8 | 0.002 3 | 0.096 5 | 0.004 6 | 0.015 1 | 0.000 2 | 39 | 115 | 94 | 4 | 96 | 1 |
| 9 | 206 | 159 | 1.29 | 0.056 1 | 0.003 7 | 0.117 0 | 0.007 8 | 0.015 2 | 0.000 3 | 454 | 146 | 112 | 7 | 97 | 2 |
| 10 | 496 | 413 | 1.20 | 0.049 2 | 0.002 4 | 0.102 1 | 0.004 9 | 0.015 1 | 0.000 2 | 167 | 113 | 99 | 4 | 97 | 1 |
| 11 | 188 | 265 | 0.71 | 0.047 2 | 0.002 9 | 0.100 4 | 0.005 9 | 0.015 6 | 0.000 3 | 61 | 150 | 97 | 5 | 100 | 2 |
| 12 | 189 | 173 | 1.09 | 0.047 9 | 0.005 2 | 0.100 5 | 0.010 9 | 0.015 3 | 0.000 4 | 95 | 250 | 97 | 10 | 98 | 3 |
| 13 | 809 | 477 | 1.70 | 0.048 9 | 0.002 5 | 0.102 9 | 0.005 3 | 0.015 3 | 0.000 2 | 143 | 122 | 99 | 5 | 98 | 1 |
| 14 | 311 | 210 | 1.48 | 0.048 4 | 0.003 0 | 0.102 3 | 0.006 8 | 0.015 4 | 0.000 3 | 120 | 141 | 99 | 6 | 99 | 2 |
| 15 | 211 | 367 | 0.57 | 0.049 7 | 0.003 3 | 0.101 4 | 0.006 9 | 0.015 3 | 0.000 4 | 189 | 156 | 98 | 6 | 98 | 2 |
| 16 | 183 | 210 | 0.87 | 0.051 0 | 0.003 5 | 0.106 7 | 0.006 7 | 0.015 3 | 0.000 3 | 243 | 157 | 103 | 6 | 98 | 2 |
DownLoad:
CSV
In Sample GT02, zircon grains are mostly colorless, transparent or translucent, and a part is light brown. The grain size ranges in 50–300 μm, and the length to width ratios are between 1: 1 and 4: 1. In the cathodoluminescence (CL) images (Fig. 4, GT02), almost all the zircons show typical rhythmic oscillation zoning, indicating magmatic origin. Sixteen zircon grains yielded a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 98±1 Ma (MSWD=0.5) (Table 1, Fig. 5, GT02).
In Sample SY03, the Youmapo biotite granite, zircon grains are mostly colorless, transparent or translucent, and a part is brown. The size ranges in 50–250 μm, and the length to width ratios are between 1: 1 and 3: 1. In the cathodoluminescence (CL) images (Fig. 4, SY03), almost all the zircons show typical rhythmic oscillation zoning, indicating magmatic origin. Seventeen zircon grains yielded a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 105±1 Ma (MSWD=1.9) (Table 1, Fig. 5, SY03).
In Sample SC07, the Sanchachong biotite granite, zircon grains are mostly colorless, transparent or translucent. The grain size ranges in 30–300 μm, and the length to width ratios are between 1: 1 and 4: 1. In the cathodoluminescence (CL) images (Fig. 4, SC07), almost all the zircons show typical rhythmic oscillation zoning, indicating magmatic origin. Fifteen zircon grains yielded a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 103±1 Ma (MSWD= 0.98) (Table 1, Fig. 5, SC07). Two analyses point to inherited zircons, showing 206Pb/238U ages of 197±9 and 1 218±72 Ma.
In Sample SW08 of the Songwang granite, zircon grains are mostly colorless, transparent or translucent. The grain size ranges in 40–300 μm, and the length to width ratios are between 1: 1 and 5: 1. In the cathodoluminescence (CL) images (Fig. 4, SW08), almost all the zircons show typical rhythmic oscillation zoning, indicating magmatic origin.
Twenty zircon grains yielded a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 88±1 Ma (MSWD=1.4) (Table 1, Fig. 5, SW08). Three analyses also point to inherited zircons, showing 206Pb/238U ages of 286±4, 292±4 and 2 628±54 Ma.
On the basis of the U-Pb age, we choose five samples for the zircon Hf isotopic analyses. The results are listed in Table 2. Fourteen magmatic zircons from the mafic enclaves of Sample MC10 show significantly higher 176Hf/177Hf ratio than those zircons from the biotite granite (Sample MC02), with εHf(t) values range from 1.3 to 10.1 when calculated at t=109 Ma, and the corresponding two-stage depleted mantle Hf model ages (TDM2) range from 521 to 1 085 Ma (Figs. 6a, 6b).
| Sample No. | 176Hf/177Hf | ±(2σ) | 176Lu/177Hf | 176Yb/177Hf | eHf(t) | ±(2σ) | TDM1 (Ma) | ±(2σ) | TDM2 (Ma) | ±(2σ) | U-Pb points |
| MC10 | |||||||||||
| 1 | 0.282 762 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 173 | 0.034 593 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 698 | 25 | 1 042 | 40 | |
| 2 | 0.282 755 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 019 | 0.031 951 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 706 | 25 | 1 058 | 40 | |
| 3 | 0.282 764 | 0.000 010 | 0.000 654 | 0.021 073 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 686 | 29 | 1 036 | 47 | |
| 4 | 0.282 756 | 0.000 011 | 0.001 494 | 0.040 096 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 713 | 31 | 1 057 | 49 | |
| 5 | 0.282 785 | 0.000 011 | 0.001 247 | 0.039 062 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 667 | 31 | 992 | 48 | |
| 6 | 0.282 772 | 0.000 009 | 0.001361 | 0.043 925 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 688 | 26 | 1 021 | 40 | |
| 7 | 0.282 783 | 0.000 010 | 0.001 472 | 0.048 976 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 674 | 29 | 996 | 45 | |
| 8 | 0.282 920 | 0.000 013 | 0.003 137 | 0.104 575 | 7.4 | 0.5 | 499 | 40 | 694 | 61 | |
| 9 | 0.282 742 | 0.000 012 | 0.000 777 | 0.024 034 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 718 | 33 | 1 085 | 54 | |
| 10 | 0.282 813 | 0.000 010 | 0.001 479 | 0.047 932 | 3.7 | 0.3 | 631 | 27 | 929 | 43 | |
| 11 | 0.282 793 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 914 | 0.063 648 | 3.0 | 0.3 | 668 | 25 | 977 | 39 | |
| 12 | 0.282 756 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 245 | 0.039 881 | 1.8 | 0.3 | 708 | 26 | 1 055 | 42 | |
| 13 | 0.282 829 | 0.000 011 | 0.002 445 | 0.078 825 | 4.2 | 0.4 | 624 | 32 | 897 | 49 | |
| 14 | 0.283 002 | 0.000 015 | 0.005 877 | 0.186 448 | 10.1 | 0.5 | 407 | 47 | 521 | 66 | |
| 15 | 0.282 778 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 269 | 0.040 499 | 4.3 | 0.3 | 678 | 23 | 958 | 36 | |
| SC07 | |||||||||||
| 1 | 0.282 621 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 751 | 0.052 075 | -3.2 | 0.3 | 913 | 24 | 1 366 | 37 | 1 |
| 2 | 0.282 585 | 0.000 007 | 0.001 396 | 0.040 504 | -4.4 | 0.3 | 955 | 21 | 1 444 | 33 | 2 |
| 3 | 0.282 619 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 381 | 0.039 415 | -1.3 | 0.3 | 906 | 24 | 1 314 | 37 | 3c |
| 4 | 0.282 611 | 0.000 006 | 0.001 490 | 0.043 578 | -3.5 | 0.2 | 920 | 18 | 1 387 | 28 | 4 |
| 5 | 0.282 611 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 357 | 0.040 013 | -3.5 | 0.3 | 917 | 24 | 1 387 | 37 | 5 |
| 6 | 0.282635 | 0.000009 | 0.001 458 | 0.041 999 | -2.7 | 0.3 | 886 | 25 | 1 334 | 39 | 6 |
| 7 | 0.282 607 | 0.000 007 | 0.001 473 | 0.043 716 | -3.7 | 0.2 | 926 | 19 | 1 396 | 30 | 7 |
| 8 | 0.282 626 | 0.000 006 | 0.001 723 | 0.050 824 | -3 | 0.2 | 904 | 18 | 1 353 | 28 | 8 |
| 9 | 0.282 568 | 0.000 006 | 0.001 266 | 0.038 634 | -5 | 0.2 | 976 | 17 | 1 482 | 27 | 9 |
| 10 | 0.282 617 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 427 | 0.043 266 | -3.3 | 0.3 | 910 | 22 | 1 373 | 35 | 10 |
| 11 | 0.282 203 | 0.000 010 | 0.000 829 | 0.026 779 | 6.2 | 0.4 | 1 474 | 28 | 1 628 | 44 | 13c |
| 12 | 0.282 563 | 0.000 007 | 0.001 284 | 0.037 851 | -5.2 | 0.2 | 984 | 20 | 1 494 | 31 | 12 |
| 13 | 0.282 570 | 0.000 006 | 0.000 949 | 0.028 518 | -4.9 | 0.2 | 965 | 16 | 1 476 | 26 | 11 |
| 14 | 0.282 615 | 0.000 007 | 0.001 758 | 0.051 455 | -3.4 | 0.3 | 921 | 21 | 1 378 | 33 | 14 |
| 15 | 0.282 594 | 0.000 006 | 0.001 244 | 0.036 480 | -4.1 | 0.2 | 939 | 18 | 1 424 | 28 | 15 |
| SW08 | |||||||||||
| 1 | 0.282 603 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 435 | 0.043 672 | -4.1 | 0.3 | 930 | 23 | 1 412 | 37 | 20 |
| 2 | 0.282 602 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 708 | 0.051 302 | -4.2 | 0.3 | 939 | 24 | 1 416 | 37 | 19 |
| 3 | 0.282 613 | 0.000 006 | 0.001433 | 0.043 770 | -3.8 | 0.2 | 916 | 17 | 1 391 | 27 | 18 |
| 4 | 0.282 591 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 331 | 0.041 517 | -4.5 | 0.3 | 945 | 23 | 1 439 | 37 | 17 |
| 5 | 0.281 310 | 0.000 010 | 0.000 506 | 0.013 333 | 6.4 | 0.4 | 2 678 | 27 | 2 708 | 43 | 16c |
| 6 | 0.282 572 | 0.000 007 | 0.001 419 | 0.043 717 | -5.2 | 0.3 | 974 | 21 | 1 482 | 33 | 7 |
| 7 | 0.282 610 | 0.000 007 | 0.000 625 | 0.019 498 | -3.8 | 0.2 | 901 | 19 | 1 395 | 30 | 14 |
| 8 | 0.282 591 | 0.000 007 | 0.000 445 | 0.013 804 | -4.5 | 0.2 | 923 | 19 | 1 437 | 31 | 13 |
| 9 | 0.282 617 | 0.000 006 | 0.001 470 | 0.045 928 | -3.6 | 0.2 | 911 | 17 | 1 381 | 26 | 12 |
| 10 | 0.282 597 | 0.000 009 | 0.000 489 | 0.015 190 | -4.3 | 0.3 | 916 | 25 | 1 424 | 40 | 11 |
| 11 | 0.282 612 | 0.000 008 | 0.000 766 | 0.025 093 | -3.8 | 0.3 | 901 | 21 | 1 391 | 34 | 9 |
| 12 | 0.282 594 | 0.000 009 | 0.000 818 | 0.026 854 | -4.4 | 0.3 | 928 | 24 | 1 431 | 39 | 6 |
| 13 | 0.282 599 | 0.000 014 | 0.000 790 | 0.024 339 | -4.2 | 0.5 | 920 | 40 | 1 420 | 64 | 1 |
| 14 | 0.282 585 | 0.000 007 | 0.000 647 | 0.020 822 | -4.7 | 0.3 | 936 | 20 | 1 451 | 32 | 3 |
| 15 | 0.282 602 | 0.000 008 | 0.000 630 | 0.020 282 | -4.1 | 0.3 | 912 | 22 | 1 412 | 35 | 4 |
| SY03 | |||||||||||
| 1 | 0.282 693 | 0.000 010 | 0.002 166 | 0.070 270 | -0.6 | 0.3 | 818 | 28 | 1 205 | 43 | |
| 2 | 0.282 672 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 932 | 0.064 775 | -1.4 | 0.3 | 844 | 25 | 1 251 | 39 | |
| 3 | 0.282 650 | 0.000 007 | 0.001 361 | 0.044 991 | -2.1 | 0.3 | 862 | 21 | 1 298 | 34 | |
| 4 | 0.282 673 | 0.000 009 | 0.002 190 | 0.069 369 | -1.4 | 0.3 | 848 | 27 | 1 250 | 41 | |
| 5 | 0.282 669 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 658 | 0.054 923 | -1.5 | 0.3 | 842 | 27 | 1 257 | 42 | |
| 6 | 0.282 695 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 906 | 0.063 913 | -0.6 | 0.3 | 810 | 26 | 1 199 | 40 | |
| 7 | 0.282 651 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 658 | 0.055 080 | -2.1 | 0.3 | 868 | 24 | 1 298 | 37 | |
| 8 | 0.282 673 | 0.000 017 | 0.002 264 | 0.063 288 | -1.3 | 0.6 | 849 | 48 | 1 249 | 74 | |
| 9 | 0.282 648 | 0.000 011 | 0.002 272 | 0.067 803 | -2.3 | 0.4 | 887 | 32 | 1 307 | 49 | |
| 10 | 0.282 691 | 0.000 013 | 0.002 008 | 0.061 992 | -0.7 | 0.4 | 818 | 36 | 1 209 | 56 | |
| 11 | 0.282 693 | 0.000 009 | 0.002 616 | 0.094 354 | -0.7 | 0.3 | 829 | 26 | 1 207 | 40 | |
| 12 | 0.282 676 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 506 | 0.050 127 | -1.2 | 0.3 | 828 | 24 | 1 240 | 38 | |
| 13 | 0.282 682 | 0.000 009 | 0.002 224 | 0.074 891 | -1.0 | 0.3 | 835 | 27 | 1 228 | 41 | |
| 14 | 0.282 670 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 315 | 0.043 170 | -1.4 | 0.3 | 832 | 23 | 1 252 | 36 | |
| 15 | 0.282 664 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 695 | 0.055 465 | -1.6 | 0.3 | 849 | 26 | 1 267 | 40 | |
| 16 | 0.282 641 | 0.000 010 | 0.002 152 | 0.064 284 | -2.5 | 0.3 | 893 | 28 | 1 320 | 44 | |
| GT02 | |||||||||||
| 1 | 0.282 603 | 0.000 011 | 0.000 818 | 0.031 138 | -3.9 | 0.4 | 915 | 31 | 1 405 | 49 | |
| 2 | 0.282 597 | 0.000 010 | 0.001 222 | 0.048 528 | -4.1 | 0.3 | 933 | 28 | 1 419 | 44 | |
| 3 | 0.282 580 | 0.000 011 | 0.001 096 | 0.039 525 | -4.7 | 0.4 | 954 | 32 | 1 457 | 51 | |
| 4 | 0.282 624 | 0.000 014 | 0.002 593 | 0.074 034 | -3.3 | 0.5 | 929 | 40 | 1 365 | 61 | |
| 5 | 0.282 586 | 0.000 010 | 0.000 866 | 0.028 874 | -4.5 | 0.4 | 940 | 29 | 1 443 | 46 | |
| 6 | 0.282 591 | 0.000 011 | 0.001 069 | 0.038 773 | -4.3 | 0.4 | 939 | 32 | 1 434 | 51 | |
| 7 | 0.282 606 | 0.000 009 | 0.001186 | 0.039 563 | -3.8 | 0.3 | 920 | 26 | 1 399 | 42 | |
| 8 | 0.282 616 | 0.000 012 | 0.001 017 | 0.038 498 | -3.4 | 0.4 | 901 | 34 | 1 376 | 54 | |
| 9 | 0.282 545 | 0.000 010 | 0.000 550 | 0.019 330 | -5.9 | 0.4 | 990 | 29 | 1 534 | 46 | |
| 10 | 0.282 627 | 0.000 012 | 0.001 622 | 0.055 658 | -3.1 | 0.4 | 901 | 34 | 1 355 | 53 | |
| 11 | 0.282 555 | 0.000 010 | 0.000 681 | 0.022 503 | -5.6 | 0.3 | 979 | 27 | 1513 | 44 | |
| 12 | 0.282 611 | 0.000 011 | 0.001 191 | 0.043 718 | -3.6 | 0.4 | 913 | 30 | 1 388 | 48 | |
| 13 | 0.282 578 | 0.000 012 | 0.001 538 | 0.044 728 | -4.8 | 0.4 | 968 | 34 | 1 463 | 53 | |
| 14 | 0.282 590 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 998 | 0.047 894 | -4.4 | 0.3 | 963 | 26 | 1 438 | 40 | |
| 15 | 0.282 576 | 0.000 010 | 0.000 930 | 0.030 708 | -4.8 | 0.4 | 956 | 29 | 1 465 | 46 | |
| 16 | 0.282 586 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 084 | 0.037 465 | -4.5 | 0.3 | 946 | 25 | 1 445 | 40 | |
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Sixteen magmatic zircons from Sample GT02 granite samples show a relatively uniform range of εHf(t) values from -5.9 to -3.1 when calculated at t=105 Ma, and the corresponding two-stage depleted mantle Hf model age (TDM2) ranges from 1 355 to 1 534 Ma (Figs. 6c, 6d).
Sixteen magmatic zircons from Sample SY03 granite samples show a relatively uniform range of εHf(t) values from -2.5 to -0.6 when calculated at t=105 Ma, the corresponding two-stage depleted mantle Hf model age (TDM2) ranges from 521 to 1 085 Ma (Figs. 6e, 6f).
Thirteen magmatic zircons from Sample SC07 show a small εHf(t) range from -5.2 to -2.0 when calculated at t=103 Ma, and the corresponding two-stage depleted mantle Hf model age (TDM2) ranges from 1 334 to 1 494 Ma. Two detrital zircon cores (197 and 1 218 Ma) show εHf(t) values of -1.3 and 6.2, and the calculated TDM2 ages are 1 314 and 1 628 Ma (Figs. 6g, 6h)).
Fourteen magmatic zircons from Sample SW08 show εHf(t) values of -5.2 to -3.6 when calculated at t=88 Ma, and the corresponding two-stage depleted mantle Hf model ages (TDM2) range from 1 381 to 1 482 Ma (Figs. 6i, 6j). One detrital zircon core (2 628 Ma) shows an εHf(t) value of 6.4, and the calculated TDM2 age is 2 708 Ma.
The sulfur isotope results of the sulfides in the Yunkai area are listed in Table 3. As is shown in Table 3 and Fig. 7, the value of δ34S is between -0.3‰ and 5.2‰ for pyrite, the average value is 2.2‰ (n=11). One pyrrhotite sample shows a δ34S value of 2.4‰. Galena shows δ34S value between -4.2‰ and 1.0‰, and the average value is 0.9‰ (n=7). Sphalerite shows δ34S value of 2.9‰ to 3.2‰, and the average value is 3.0‰ (n=7). Overall, the distribution of the δ34S values in the deposits is very concentrated near zero, indicating that the sulfur was likely from a single magmatic source.
| Sample | Mineral | δ34S (‰) |
| SY01 | Pyrite | +3.8 |
| SY04 | Pyrite | +3.8 |
| SC03 | Pyrite | +1.7 |
| SC04 | Pyrite | +1.2 |
| SC06 | Pyrite | +1.7 |
| SC07 | Pyrite | +1.1 |
| SC09 | Pyrrhotite | +2.4 |
| SC11 | Pyrite | +0.8 |
| SC12 | Pyrite | +2.9 |
| SC25 | Pyrite | -0.3 |
| SC26 | Pyrite | +5.2 |
| SW07 | Pyrite | +1.9 |
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The results of Fe isotopic compositions of pyrite are shown in Fig. 8 and Table 4, which show a δ56Fe value from 0.16‰ to 0.58‰, with an average of 0.35‰. The δ57Fe values are from 0.02‰ to 0.54‰, with an average of 0.48‰. The results show that there is no significant Fe isotopic fractionation of pyrite in different ore deposits in the Yunkai area, and value is falling in a narrow range near zero.
| Sample | δ56Fe/54Fe | 2SD | δ57Fe/54Fe | 2SD |
| SC-03 | 0.37 | 0.07 | 0.54 | 0.20 |
| SC-04 | 0.30 | 0.03 | 0.46 | 0.07 |
| SC-07 | 0.38 | 0.07 | 0.42 | 0.16 |
| SC-09 | 0.22 | 0.11 | 0.35 | 0.12 |
| SC-11 | 0.39 | 0.03 | 0.55 | 0.06 |
| SC-12 | 0.42 | 0.09 | 0.65 | 0.12 |
| SC-06 | 0.58 | 0.05 | 0.60 | 0.06 |
| SC-25 | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.26 | 0.08 |
| SY-01 | 0.30 | 0.06 | 0.41 | 0.02 |
| SY-04 | 0.42 | 0.09 | 0.63 | 0.09 |
| SW-07 | 0.27 | 0.13 | 0.38 | 0.06 |
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Accoding to the results of LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of granites in the Yunkai area, three stages of granitic magmatism can be distinguished: 113–110, 105–98 and 88 Ma, and all of them belong to Late Yanshanian. Together with regional tectono-magmatic evolution at the Late Mesozoic, the same periods of magmatism widely exist in South China.
Previous biotite K-Ar dating suggests the Michang granite was emplaced at 120 Ma, but our new precise LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating indicates an age of 113±1 or 110±1 Ma for the emplacement of this granite. In addition, the Youmapo biotite granite was also emplaced at 110±1 Ma. In South China, there is a wide occurrence of ~110 Ma magmatic rocks. For example, the Quanzhou gabbro and adamellite from the coastal Fujian Province show emplacement ages of 111±1, 109±1 and 108±1 Ma (Li Z et al., 2012). The Pingtan hornblende gabbros from southeast Fujian have an age of 115.2±1.2 Ma (Dong et al., 1997). The Putuo quartz monzodiorite in the coastal Zhejiang Province shows an age of 110.2±1.1 Ma (Qiu et al., 1999). The Ru'ao diabase and granite from the eastern Zhejiang Province show ages of 109.1±2.8 (whole rock Ar-Ar) and 116±3 Ma (SHRIMP zircon U-Pb), respectively (Dong et al., 2007).
The Longwangtang granite from Southeast Zhejiang Province shows an age of 109.8±0.4 Ma (Chen et al., 1991). In addition, Xu et al. (1999) reported a Sm-Nd isochron age of 112.3±17.8 Ma for a gabbroic granulite xenolith from the Qilin Cenozoic basaltic breccia pipe from Guangdong Province, suggesting an underplating of basaltic magma during this period at China's continental margin. The granites from the Michang, Sanchachong, Songwang and Youmapo deposits all show emplacement ages of 103±1, 105±1, 98±1 and 103±1 Ma, respectively.
Previous geochronology studies have shown that a set of I-type granite of highly calc-alkaline may exist in the southeast coastal areas during the late Early Cretaceous Period, such as the Fuzhou pluton (104±5 Ma) and Danyang pluton (103±10 Ma) from Fujian Province (Martin et al., 1994), the Nongliang pluton (101.2±0.3 Ma) from Zhejiang Province (Chen et al., 1991). Recent studies suggest that the late Early Cretaceous Period is one of the most important tectono-magmatic events in Southeast China, and a large number of mafic to felsic magmatic rocks developed in this period, such as the Guangxi Longtuoshan rhyolitic porphyry (100.3±1.4 Ma) and granite porphyry (100.3±1.4 Ma) (Chen et al., 2008), the Dachang Longxianggai granite (103–102 Ma) (Liang et al., 2011), the mafic dykes (110–100 Ma) from the Northwest Jiangxi Province (Xie et al., 2002), thevolcanic-intrusive rocks (99–104 Ma) from the western Guangdong Province (Geng et al., 2006), the mafic dykes (103–110 Ma) from the Northern Guangdong Province (Li et al., 1997), the granites (103±1 Ma) from the Southeast Zhejiang Province (Li Y J et al., 2009), the Qingtian alkaline A-type granite (101.2±2.1 Ma) and the Yandangshan volcanic rocks (97.2–105.6 Ma) from Zhejiang Province (Yu et al., 2006; Qiu et al., 1999), and the felsic volcanic rocks (104–95 Ma) in eastern Guangdong and Fujian provinces (Guo et al., 2012). In addition, there are also reports for 101 Ma mafic dyke swarm in China's southernmost Hainan Island (Tang et al., 2010).
Geochronology data show that the Late Cretaceous (~90 Ma) is also an important tectono-magmatic activity period in Southeast China (Fig. 9). The Songwang granite was formed during this stage (88±1 Ma). The magmatic rocks emplaced during this period include: the Sheshan granite (91.1±0.3 Ma) and Dachang intermediate-felsic intrusive rocks (93–91 Ma) in Guangxi Province (Chen et al., 2011; Cai et al., 2006); the mafic dykes (91–88 Ma) in northern Guangdong Province (Li et al., 1997); the basalts and the mafic dikes (93–90 Ma) near the Chenzhou-Ningwu fault zone in Hunan Province (Wang and Shen, 2003); the alkaline granite in Taohuadao, Yaokeng and Daheshan, and the miarolite granite in the Putuoshan (94–86 Ma) in the Zhejiang Province (Xiao et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2005; Qiu et al., 1999), the alkaline granite and high-differentiation I-type granites (96–92 Ma) in Fujian Province (Qiu et al., 2008; Martin et al., 1994), and the Fork River and Sanya mafic dike swarm (~93 Ma) from Hainan Island (Tang et al., 2010). In addition, SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating of metamorphosed granite in Taiwan shows that the granite rock was originally formed in 88–87 Ma (Yui et al., 2009).
After compilation of all the available magmatic ages in Late Mesozoic (Jurassic and Cretaceous) in Southeast China, we found two significant peaks: ~100 and ~90 Ma (Fig. 9). This age distribution may suggest that there occurred two stages of strong magmatism in Southeast China during Late Yanshanian. In this paper, the granites of Michang, Youmapo, Sanchachong, and Songwang show ages of 103 and 88 Ma, corresponding to the two age peaks, indicating that the magmatic activity in the Yunkai area at Cretaceous belongs to parts of the tectono-magmatic evolution at the whole Southeast China.
Zircon Hf model ages (TDM2) for the Michang biotite granite are centered on 1.3–1.2 Ga (except for one analysis), whereas the ages for the Sanchachong biotite granite and Songwang granite are slightly older at 1.5–1.3 Ga. The Michang biotite granite contains mafic enclaves, but the rest of granites (Sanchachong, Songwang and Guandi) have no such mafic enclaves but may contain xenoliths of the country rocks. Zircons from the mafic enclaves show higher εHf(t) > 0, whereas those zircons from the granites show lower εHf(t) < 0, and there is tendency of εHf(t) decrease from the Michang (110±1 Ma) to Sanchachong (103±1 Ma) and Songwang (88±1 Ma) granites (Fig. 10).
Therefore, we suggest that the Sanchachong biotite granite and Songwang granite were derived mainly from Middle Proterozoic crustal materials, whereas the Michang biotite granite may have a mantle component during magma generation.
An important question is whether there is any juvenile Proterozoic crust overgrowth at Yunkai area. Qin et al. (2006) reported a SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age of 1 462±28 Ma for the plagioclase amphibolite from the Yunkai Group in Southeast Guangxi Province, which is interpreted as metamorphosed OIB-type mafic volcanic rocks, suggesting the existence of juvenile Proterozoic mafic crust in Yunkai area. Gilder et al. (1996) reported Nd model ages of 1.4±0.3 Ga for 23 Mesozoic granites in South China, and they also suggested occurrence of a wide range of Proterozoic crust in South China. Wang and Shen (2003) used the Nd model ages of granites in the Southeast China as well as the U-Pb ages of inherited zircons in the crustal rocks to suggest an episodic crustal growth characteristic in Southeast China, and the Middle Proterozoic (~1.4 Ga) is one of the most important stages for the crustal growth. It is also important to note that a number of 1.3–1.4 Ga detrital zircon with positive εHf(t) values and younger TDM2 are found from the Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks in the Southern Yangtze Block and the Cathysia Block (including the Wuyi Mountain, Nanling, Yunkai areas), which also indicates existence of Middle Proterozoic crust in South China (Liu et al., 2010; Wang D H et al., 2010; Yu et al., 2010, 2008). All the above evidence indicates the existence of the juvenile Middle Proterozoic crusts in South China including the Yunkai area, therefore it is suggested that these crustal materials may provide an important source for the magmatic rocks of Late Yanshanian in this region.
The existence of mafic enclaves in the Michang biotite granite indicates contribution of mantle-derived magma and its interaction with crustal derived felsic magma, which is also supported by the zircon Hf isotope data which show a relatively higher εHf(t) values and young two-stage model Hf TDM2 age for the Michang biotite granite and its mafic enclaves than the other granites in the district (Fig. 10). In addition, there also exists one positive εHf(t) value (1.4) for zircon from the biotite granite, which is similar to the εHf(t) values (1.3–10.1) for the mafic enclaves, indicating an magma mixing process for the generation of the granitic magma. The mantle-derived magma can also provide deep heat for the middle and lower crust material to partial melting to generate granite magma.
Sulfides from the ore deposits show a small δ34S variation around zero, which may indicate that the sulfur source was derived from the single magmatic fluid. Together with sulfur isotope data from previous studies (e.g., Fu et al., 2014), all the ores of skarn-type and quartz vein-type show consistent sulfur isotopic composition with a narrow range close to zero. This δ34S range indicates that the sulfur of all these skarn- and vein-type deposits was derived from a single source related to magmatic hydrothermal fluid with the H2S as the dominant species (Ohmoto and Rye, 1979; Ohmoto, 1972). The sulfide minerals are mainly pyrite, chalcopyrite and molybdenite, without sulfate minerals. To trace the sulfur source, we need to apply the total sulfur isotopic composition (δ34SΣ) of the hydrothermal fluids during sulfide precipitation. When H2S predominates in the fluid system, under the condition of equilibrium, δ34SΣ≈δ34Sfluid≈δ34Spyrite, as a result, the near zero δ34S value indicates that the sulfur source is single in the main metallogenic precipitation period, possibly from deep-sourced magma. Therefore, the mineralization in the Youmapo tungsten-molybdenum deposit, Sanchachong tungsten deposit and Songwang tungsten-tin deposit has a close relationship with the Late Yanshanian magmatism.
Iron isotope system is a newly developed non-traditional isotope system that has already been applied in solving a variety of geologic problems including ore genesis. As iron is one of the major metallogenic elements, iron isotopic geochemistry can provide a new tracer for the mineralization, which has shown its important role in tracing the source of ore-forming materials and fluids, the fluid evolution, the supergene alteration and other important mineralization processes, such as the BIF (Dauphas et al., 2004; Johnson et al., 2003), Precambrian stratiform sulfide deposits (Zhu et al., 2008), the Archean komatiite-hosted Ni deposits (Bekker et al., 2009), the Archaean quartz-conglomerate- type gold deposits (Hofmann et al., 2009), the modern ocean floor hydrothermal systems (Sharma, 2001), and the porphyry and skarn-type deposits (Wang Y et al., 2011; Graham et al., 2004). All these studies indicate that the iron isotope has a great potential in tracing the ore-forming mechanism.
The three typical porphyry and skarn-type deposits of Sanchachong, Youmapo and Songwang show identical Fe isotopic compositions of pyrite near zero. This Fe isotope characteristic may suggest the source of iron in the deposits may be derived from magma, which is in support from the sulfur isotope data as we discussed above. Therefore, the mineralization is closely related to magmatism.
The mineralization age for the porphyry and skarn-type deposit is generally close to the age of related granites, therefore we can date the ore-related magmatic rocks to indirectly constrain the metallogenic epoch. For example, the Cu-Au-Mo-related granodioritic porphyries from the porphyry and skarn-type ore deposits at Jiurui District, Jiangxi Province show zircon U-Pb ages between 138.2±1.8 and 148.0±1.0 Ma (Jiang et al., 2013; Xu et al., 2013, 2012; Yang et al., 2011; Li and Jiang, 2009; Ding et al., 2005), which are identical to the molybdenite Re-Os ages of 137.9±1.0 and 146.4±2.6 Ma (Li et al., 2007; Wu and Zou, 1997). In the Dexing porphyry-type Cu deposit, Zhou et al. (2012) obtained molybdenite Re-Os ages of 170.4±1.8 to 172.3±2.3 Ma, which are also similar to the ages (170.2±0.9 to 172.5±0.5 Ma) of ore-bearing porphyry (Liu et al., 2012). Taking all the zircon U-Pb age data in the Yunkai area in Guangxi Province, the Michang, Sanchachong and Songwang granites show ages of 113, 103 and 88 Ma, therefore it is reasonable to estimate that the Michang skarn-type tungsten-molybdenum deposit, the Sanchachong skarn-type tungsten-molybdenum deposit and the Songwang porphyry molybdenum-tungsten deposit were all formed during the Late Cretaceous (80–110 Ma).
In South China, multiple stages of tectonic-magmatic events produced polycyclic magmatic rocks and assoicated Cu-Au-Pb-Zn-Ag and W-Sn-Mo mineralizations (Li and Jiang, 2016; Li et al., 2016; Xu et al., 2015; Jiang et al., 2013, 2008, 2006; Guo et al., 2012; Mao et al., 2011, 2008; Wang and Shen, 2003). Most of the granites were emplaced in a cyclic manner during the Caledonian, Indosinian and Yanshanian periods (Hua et al., 2013). The Yunkai area is a typical area in South China where developed typical Caledonian movement, which produced large Caledonian granites, and lots of the mineralization in this district have a close genetic relation with the Caledonian granites. For example, Chen et al. (2011) reported Caledonian ages for the Sheshan biotite granodiorite and the Shedong tungsten-molybdenum deposit (437.8 Ma). Li X et al. (2012) reported zircon SHRIMP U-Pb age of 429.6±4.3 Ma for the biotite granite and scheelite Sm-Nd isochron age of 431±12 Ma for the Niutangjie skarn-type tungsten deposit. In recent years, a number of Indosinian W-Sn-Mo deposits have been found in the Yunkai area and its adjacent regions, such as the Li Guifu tungsten- tin deposit (213.3±2.9 Ma, Zhou et al., 2009) and the Yuntoujie W-Mo deposit (213.3±2.9 Ma, Wu et al., 2012).
It is worth attention that in the Yunkai area, the Michang tungsten-molybdenum deposit, the Sanchachong tungsten- molybdenum deposit, the Youmapo tungsten-molybdenum deposit and the Songwang molybdenum-tungsten deposit were all formed during Late Yanshanian stage of magmatism and mineralization (Late Cretaceous). Combined all available data, it is clear that the Yunkai area which is located in the southwest side of the Qinhang metallogenic belt developed the Late Cretaceous magmatic rocks (80–100 Ma) and related tungsten- molybdenum-copper (gold) deposits (Table 5). Li et al. (2008) obtained a molybdenite Re-Os isochron age of 95.4±1.0 Ma for the Damingshan tungsten deposit in Guangxi Province and molybdenite Re-Os model ages of 95.0–95.8 Ma for the Maling tungsten deposit, which is similar to the white mica 39Ar/40Ar ages (97.1±0.8, 98.0±1.0 Ma). In the Guangxi Longtoushan gold deposits, the ore-bearing granitic porphyry has emplacement ages of 96.1±3 to 100.3±1.4 Ma (Duan et al., 2011; Chen et al., 2008), which are similar to the Pingtianshan intrusive rocks (96.2±0.4 Ma) in the area. In the Dayaoshan area, the granite porphyry related to the Baoshan porphyry copper deposit shows an emplacement age of 91.1±0.6 Ma (Bi et al., 2015). All these data suggest existence of a wide range of Late Yanshanian magmatism and mineralization in the Yunkai area.
| Locality | Rock type | Age (Ma) | Method | Reference |
| Yandangshan | Felsic volcanic rock | 97±2, 99±4, 106±4 | SHRIMP U-Pb | Yu et al. (2006) |
| Quanzhou | Gabbro and adamellite | 111±1, 109±1, 108±1 | SHRIMP U-Pb | Li Z et al. (2012) |
| Eastern Guangdong and Fujian | Felsic volcanic rocks | 104–95 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Guo et al. (2012) |
| Northern Guangdong | Mafic dykes | 91–88 | Li et al. (1997) | |
| Dachang | Porphyritic granite, Q-diorite porphyrite | 91±1 | SHRIMP U-Pb | Cai et al. (2006) |
| Longtoushan | Rhyolite | 103±2 | SHRIMP U-Pb | Chen et al. (2008) |
| Pingtan | Biotite granite | 125±1 | TIMS U-Pb | Dong et al. (1997) |
| Damingshan tungsten deposit | Molybdenite | 95.4±1.0 | Re-Os | Li et al. (2008) |
| Maling tungsten deposit | Molybdenite | 95.0 to 95.8 | Re-Os | Li et al. (2008) |
| Longtoushan gold deposits | White mica | 97.1±0.8, 98.0±1.0 | 39Ar/40Ar | Chen et al. (2008) |
| Longtoushan gold deposits | Ore-bearing granitic porphyry | 96.1±3, 100.3±1.4 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Duan et al. (2011) |
| Baoshan porphyry copper deposit | Ore-bearing granitic porphyry | 91.1±0.6 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Bi et al. (2015) |
| Dachang tin-polymetallic deposit | Fluid inclusions | 91.4±2.9, 94.5±0.3, 94.6±0.5 | 39Ar/40Ar | Wang D H et al. (2010) |
| Dachang tin-polymetallic deposit | Sericite and phlogopite | 77.4±0.6, 95.3±0.7 | 39Ar/40Ar | Cheng et al. (2013) |
| Chenzhou-Ningwu fault zone | Basalts and the mafic dykes | 93–90 | Wang and Shen (2003) | |
| Northwest Jiangxi | Mafic dykes | 110–100 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Xie et al. (2002) |
| Northern Tailuko belt | Meta-granite | 87±1, 88±2 | SHRIMP U-Pb | Yui et al. (2009) |
| Kafang deposit | Molybdenite | 83.4±2.1 | Re-Os | Mao et al. (2008) |
| Putuoshan | Alklaine granite | 94±1 | TIMS U-Pb | Qiu et al. (1999) |
| Taohuadao | Alklaine granite | 93±1 | TIMS U-Pb | Qiu et al. (1999) |
| Eastern Zhejiang | Confucianism diabase | 109±3 | Whole rock Ar-Ar | Dong et al. (2007) |
| Eastern Zhejiang | Granite | 116±3 | SHRIMP U-Pb | Dong et al. (2007) |
| Shipingchuan | K-feldspar granite | 103±1 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Li Y J et al. (2009) |
| Qingtian | Alkaline granite | 101±2 | TIMS U-Pb | Qiu et al. (1999) |
| Daheshan | Quartz syenite | 86±3 | SHRIMP U-Pb | Wang et al. (2005) |
| Yaokeng | K-feldspar granite | 91±3 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Xiao et al. (2007) |
| Diaocun | Granodiorite | 104±3 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Geng et al. (2006) |
| Kuiqi | Alkaline granite | 96–92 | Rb-Sr | Martin et al. (1994) |
| Dacengshan | Granite | 93±2 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Qiu et al. (2008) |
| Dajing | K-feldspar granite | 94±2 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Qiu et al. (2008) |
| Nanzhen | K-feldspar granite | 96±3 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Qiu et al. (2008) |
| Sansha | Granite | 92±2 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Qiu et al. (2008) |
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Late Yanshanian W-Sn and Cu-Au polymetallic mineralizations are widely distributed in the southeast coast, Southwest Yunnan and Guangxi provinces and other regions in South China. Among them, the metallogenic epoch of the W-Sn deposits in West Yunnan and Guangxi provinces are mostly concentrated in Late Cretaceous, in agreement with the magmatic emplacement ages. For example, Wang et al. (2005) reported fluid inclusions 39Ar/40Ar ages of 91.4±2.9, 94.5±0.3 and 94.6±0.5 Ma for the Dachang tin-polymetallic deposit in Guangxi Province. Cheng et al. (2013) reported sericite and phlogopite 39Ar/40Ar ages of 77.4±0.6 to 95.3±0.7 Ma for the Yunnan Gejiu Sn-W deposits in Yunnan Province, which are similar to the molybdenite Re-Os age (83.4±2.1 Ma) in the Kafang deposit. In the southeast coastal region, a number of hypabyssal type low temperature hydrothermal copper-gold-silver deposits also formed at around 100 Ma (Mao et al., 2008).
Therefore, it is suggested that magmatism and mineralization are widely developed in this area during Late Cretaceous Period, and the magmatic rocks and W-Mo-Cu-Au deposits occur not only in continental margin coastal areas in South China, but also in the inland regions such as the Yunkai area, which has significant implications in finding Late Yanshanian mineralization and those closely related magmatism in the Yunkai area.
(1) A wide range of magmatism and mineralization in the Yunkai area of South China occur during the Late Yanshanian Period.
(2) Zircon U-Pb ages of the ore-bearing biotite granites and their mafic enclaves from the newly discovered Michang, Youmapo, Sanchachong and Songwang porphyry-skarn W-Mo deposits are from 88±1 to 110±1 Ma.
(3) Hf isotopic compositions of granitic zircons show negative εHf(t) values of -5.9 to -0.6, with calculated Hf model age (TDM2) of 1.5–1.2 Ga, indicating that the Middle Proterozoic crustal materials may have provided an important source for the magmatic rocks in this district during the Late Yanshanian Period.
(4) Sulfur and iron isotopes of the sulfides from the porphyry-skarn type W-Sn-Mo deposits in the Yunkai area indicate that the ore-forming materials may come from the deep- sourced granitic magma, and the mineralizations show a close relationship with the granitic magmatism during the Late Yanshanian Period.
This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. CUG120702). The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-017-0901-1.
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| 3. | Zhuliang Lei, Gang Zeng, Jianqiang Liu, et al. Melt-Lithosphere Interaction Controlled Compositional Variations in Mafic Dikes from Fujian Province, Southeastern China. Journal of Earth Science, 2021, 32(6): 1445. doi:10.1007/s12583-020-1358-y | |
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Figures(10) / Tables(5)
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Xinyu Wang, Zhen Yang, Nengsong Chen, Rui Liu. Petrogenesis and Ore Genesis of the Late Yanshanian Granites and Associated Porphyry-Skarn W-Mo Deposits from the Yunkai Area of South China:Evidence from the Zircon U-Pb Ages, Hf Isotopes and Sulfide S-Fe Isotopes. Journal of Earth Science, 2018, 29(4): 939-959. doi: 10.1007/s12583-017-0901-1
| Point | Th (μg/g) | U (μg/g) | Th/U | 207Pb/206Pb | 1σ | 207Pb/235U | 1σ | 206Pb/238U | 1σ | 207Pb/206Pb (Ma) | 1σ | 207Pb/235U (Ma) | 1σ | 206Pb/238U (Ma) | 1σ |
| MC03 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 418 | 798 | 0.52 | 0.049 4 | 0.002 0 | 0.114 0 | 0.004 7 | 0.016 7 | 0.000 2 | 169 | 92 | 110 | 4 | 107 | 1 |
| 2 | 370 | 638 | 0.58 | 0.049 1 | 0.001 6 | 0.117 8 | 0.004 0 | 0.017 3 | 0.000 2 | 154 | 78 | 113 | 4 | 111 | 1 |
| 3 | 538 | 1 251 | 0.43 | 0.049 7 | 0.001 6 | 0.118 4 | 0.003 8 | 0.017 1 | 0.000 2 | 189 | 74 | 114 | 3 | 109 | 1 |
| 4 | 489 | 607 | 0.81 | 0.050 0 | 0.001 9 | 0.116 5 | 0.004 5 | 0.016 9 | 0.000 2 | 195 | 89 | 112 | 4 | 108 | 1 |
| 5 | 408 | 632 | 0.65 | 0.049 7 | 0.002 2 | 0.116 7 | 0.005 1 | 0.017 1 | 0.000 2 | 189 | 104 | 112 | 5 | 109 | 1 |
| 6 | 333 | 556 | 0.60 | 0.048 4 | 0.002 6 | 0.118 2 | 0.006 7 | 0.017 6 | 0.000 3 | 117 | 122 | 113 | 6 | 112 | 2 |
| 7 | 485 | 734 | 0.66 | 0.048 7 | 0.002 2 | 0.116 3 | 0.005 4 | 0.017 3 | 0.000 2 | 200 | 109 | 112 | 5 | 111 | 2 |
| 8 | 336 | 611 | 0.55 | 0.051 3 | 0.002 1 | 0.118 3 | 0.004 7 | 0.016 8 | 0.000 2 | 254 | 88 | 114 | 4 | 107 | 1 |
| 9 | 246 | 517 | 0.48 | 0.050 0 | 0.002 1 | 0.116 9 | 0.004 8 | 0.017 0 | 0.000 2 | 195 | 94 | 112 | 4 | 109 | 1 |
| 10 | 404 | 742 | 0.54 | 0.049 7 | 0.001 9 | 0.115 6 | 0.004 3 | 0.016 9 | 0.000 2 | 189 | 89 | 111 | 4 | 108 | 1 |
| 11 | 1061 | 1 266 | 0.84 | 0.048 9 | 0.001 3 | 0.114 6 | 0.003 2 | 0.017 0 | 0.000 2 | 143 | 66 | 110 | 3 | 108 | 1 |
| 12 | 320 | 675 | 0.47 | 0.048 9 | 0.002 0 | 0.118 1 | 0.004 9 | 0.017 6 | 0.000 2 | 143 | 96 | 113 | 4 | 112 | 1 |
| 13 | 266 | 524 | 0.51 | 0.049 1 | 0.002 4 | 0.119 0 | 0.005 9 | 0.017 6 | 0.000 2 | 150 | 115 | 114 | 5 | 113 | 2 |
| 14 | 366 | 662 | 0.55 | 0.048 3 | 0.001 9 | 0.116 0 | 0.004 6 | 0.017 5 | 0.000 2 | 122 | 94 | 111 | 4 | 112 | 1 |
| 15 | 370 | 611 | 0.61 | 0.0510 | 0.002 0 | 0.118 2 | 0.004 6 | 0.016 9 | 0.000 2 | 239 | 91 | 113 | 4 | 108 | 1 |
| 16 | 295 | 536 | 0.55 | 0.046 6 | 0.001 8 | 0.112 6 | 0.004 4 | 0.017 5 | 0.000 2 | 28 | 89 | 108 | 4 | 112 | 1 |
| 17 | 453 | 752 | 0.60 | 0.050 1 | 0.001 6 | 0.119 7 | 0.003 9 | 0.017 2 | 0.000 2 | 198 | 105 | 115 | 4 | 110 | 1 |
| 18 | 344 | 521 | 0.66 | 0.048 9 | 0.002 0 | 0.117 6 | 0.005 1 | 0.017 4 | 0.000 2 | 139 | 96 | 113 | 5 | 111 | 1 |
| MC10 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 289 | 665 | 0.43 | 0.050 2 | 0.002 2 | 0.116 6 | 0.005 5 | 0.017 2 | 0.000 3 | 211 | 102 | 112 | 5 | 110 | 2 |
| 2 | 286 | 494 | 0.58 | 0.050 8 | 0.002 3 | 0.118 3 | 0.005 2 | 0.016 8 | 0.000 2 | 232 | 104 | 114 | 5 | 108 | 1 |
| 3 | 324 | 584 | 0.56 | 0.050 3 | 0.001 7 | 0.120 1 | 0.004 1 | 0.017 3 | 0.000 2 | 209 | 80 | 115 | 4 | 110 | 1 |
| 4 | 359 | 545 | 0.66 | 0.051 1 | 0.002 1 | 0.116 7 | 0.004 4 | 0.016 7 | 0.000 2 | 243 | 99 | 112 | 4 | 107 | 1 |
| 5 | 191 | 432 | 0.44 | 0.048 7 | 0.002 3 | 0.114 5 | 0.005 5 | 0.017 1 | 0.000 2 | 132 | 115 | 110 | 5 | 110 | 2 |
| 6 | 717 | 881 | 0.81 | 0.050 3 | 0.001 8 | 0.113 7 | 0.004 3 | 0.016 5 | 0.000 2 | 209 | 88 | 109 | 4 | 106 | 1 |
| 7 | 284 | 364 | 0.78 | 0.048 9 | 0.002 4 | 0.114 8 | 0.005 6 | 0.017 3 | 0.000 2 | 143 | 117 | 110 | 5 | 110 | 2 |
| 8 | 1 662 | 1 348 | 1.23 | 0.047 1 | 0.001 7 | 0.113 6 | 0.004 3 | 0.017 4 | 0.000 2 | 54 | 89 | 109 | 4 | 111 | 1 |
| 9 | 203 | 314 | 0.65 | 0.049 7 | 0.003 0 | 0.117 7 | 0.006 8 | 0.017 4 | 0.000 3 | 189 | 141 | 113 | 6 | 111 | 2 |
| 10 | 247 | 517 | 0.48 | 0.047 1 | 0.002 2 | 0.113 3 | 0.005 1 | 0.017 5 | 0.000 2 | 58 | 107 | 109 | 5 | 112 | 1 |
| 11 | 513 | 916 | 0.56 | 0.048 2 | 0.001 7 | 0.114 7 | 0.004 0 | 0.017 2 | 0.000 2 | 109 | 77 | 110 | 4 | 110 | 1 |
| 12 | 576 | 860 | 0.67 | 0.048 0 | 0.001 7 | 0.113 5 | 0.003 9 | 0.017 2 | 0.000 2 | 98 | 88 | 109 | 4 | 110 | 1 |
| 13 | 575 | 671 | 0.86 | 0.048 5 | 0.001 9 | 0.113 6 | 0.004 3 | 0.016 9 | 0.000 2 | 124 | 91 | 109 | 4 | 108 | 1 |
| 14 | 3 394 | 2 239 | 1.52 | 0.047 3 | 0.001 3 | 0.112 4 | 0.003 1 | 0.017 1 | 0.000 2 | 65 | 63 | 108 | 3 | 109 | 1 |
| SC07 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 304 | 2 358 | 0.13 | 0.051 7 | 0.002 6 | 0.117 1 | 0.006 1 | 0.016 2 | 0.000 2 | 272 | 115 | 112 | 6 | 104 | 1 |
| 2 | 618 | 1 851 | 0.33 | 0.050 0 | 0.003 0 | 0.113 0 | 0.006 4 | 0.016 5 | 0.000 3 | 195 | 139 | 109 | 6 | 105 | 2 |
| 3c | 358 | 1 367 | 0.26 | 0.056 3 | 0.002 6 | 0.256 7 | 0.017 4 | 0.031 0 | 0.001 5 | 461 | 106 | 232 | 14 | 197 | 9 |
| 4 | 543 | 4 737 | 0.11 | 0.047 0 | 0.001 9 | 0.102 8 | 0.004 0 | 0.015 8 | 0.000 2 | 56 | 83 | 99.4 | 3.7 | 101 | 1 |
| 5 | 200 | 920 | 0.22 | 0.060 6 | 0.004 3 | 0.131 7 | 0.009 6 | 0.016 0 | 0.000 3 | 628 | 154 | 126 | 9 | 102 | 2 |
| 6 | 582 | 1 951 | 0.3 | 0.051 2 | 0.003 1 | 0.112 5 | 0.006 5 | 0.016 1 | 0.000 2 | 256 | 141 | 108 | 6 | 103 | 2 |
| 7 | 897 | 3 178 | 0.28 | 0.049 4 | 0.002 3 | 0.107 6 | 0.004 8 | 0.016 0 | 0.000 2 | 165 | 109 | 104 | 4 | 102 | 1 |
| 8 | 612 | 3 327 | 0.18 | 0.049 7 | 0.002 1 | 0.109 7 | 0.004 5 | 0.015 9 | 0.000 2 | 189 | 100 | 106 | 4 | 102 | 1 |
| 9 | 624 | 2 638 | 0.24 | 0.048 8 | 0.002 7 | 0.109 4 | 0.005 9 | 0.016 3 | 0.000 2 | 139 | -69 | 105 | 5 | 104 | 1 |
| 10 | 1 185 | 2 505 | 0.47 | 0.046 4 | 0.002 2 | 0.103 9 | 0.004 9 | 0.016 3 | 0.000 2 | 20 | 111 | 100 | 4 | 104 | 1 |
| 11 | 783 | 2 797 | 0.28 | 0.048 2 | 0.002 3 | 0.107 7 | 0.005 0 | 0.016 2 | 0.000 2 | 106 | 111 | 104 | 5 | 104 | 1 |
| 12 | 532 | 2 541 | 0.21 | 0.047 5 | 0.002 7 | 0.107 0 | 0.005 9 | 0.016 4 | 0.000 3 | 72 | 139 | 103 | 5 | 105 | 2 |
| 13c | 383 | 384 | 1 | 0.080 8 | 0.003 0 | 2.254 8 | 0.080 8 | 0.201 1 | 0.002 5 | 1218 | 72 | 1198 | 25 | 1181 | 13 |
| 14 | 338 | 1 858 | 0.18 | 0.051 4 | 0.003 1 | 0.115 0 | 0.006 6 | 0.016 4 | 0.000 3 | 257 | 134 | 111 | 6 | 105 | 2 |
| 15 | 357 | 1 279 | 0.28 | 0.061 1 | 0.006 8 | 0.138 1 | 0.016 1 | 0.016 3 | 0.000 3 | 643 | 238 | 131 | 14 | 104 | 2 |
| SW08 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 151 | 241 | 0.63 | 0.100 7 | 0.013 6 | 0.179 8 | 0.028 2 | 0.013 0 | 0.000 5 | 1637 | 253 | 168 | 24 | 83 | 3 |
| 2c | 416 | 2 011 | 0.21 | 0.052 6 | 0.002 2 | 0.328 5 | 0.014 4 | 0.045 4 | 0.000 7 | 313 | 90 | 288 | 11 | 286 | 4 |
| 3 | 393 | 683 | 0.58 | 0.062 4 | 0.006 3 | 0.115 2 | 0.013 4 | 0.013 4 | 0.000 4 | 687 | 213 | 111 | 12 | 86 | 2 |
| 4 | 302 | 498 | 0.61 | 0.079 5 | 0.007 1 | 0.150 6 | 0.015 6 | 0.013 8 | 0.000 4 | 1 183 | 173 | 142 | 14 | 88 | 2 |
| 5 | 215 | 393 | 0.55 | 0.082 4 | 0.011 1 | 0.151 6 | 0.023 1 | 0.013 3 | 0.000 5 | 1 256 | 270 | 143 | 20 | 85 | 3 |
| 6 | 200 | 246 | 0.82 | 0.101 3 | 0.013 6 | 0.187 7 | 0.029 9 | 0.013 4 | 0.000 6 | 1 649 | 250 | 175 | 26 | 86 | 4 |
| 7 | 1 132 | 961 | 1.18 | 0.046 1 | 0.005 3 | 0.084 4 | 0.010 6 | 0.013 3 | 0.000 3 | 3 | 216 | 82 | 10 | 85 | 2 |
| 8 | 285 | 463 | 0.61 | 0.090 3 | 0.006 7 | 0.152 1 | 0.012 2 | 0.013 5 | 0.000 4 | 1 431 | 139 | 144 | 11 | 87 | 2 |
| 9 | 416 | 684 | 0.61 | 0.060 0 | 0.008 9 | 0.111 5 | 0.017 6 | 0.013 5 | 0.000 3 | 602 | 315 | 107 | 16 | 86 | 2 |
| 10 | 1 661 | 1 062 | 1.56 | 0.055 7 | 0.003 0 | 0.107 9 | 0.006 2 | 0.014 4 | 0.000 3 | 439 | 116 | 104 | 6 | 92 | 2 |
| 11 | 1 199 | 956 | 1.25 | 0.046 7 | 0.006 3 | 0.087 6 | 0.012 9 | 0.013 6 | 0.000 4 | 35 | 246 | 85 | 12 | 87 | 2 |
| 12 | 166 | 257 | 0.65 | 0.079 3 | 0.015 8 | 0.136 2 | 0.030 5 | 0.012 5 | 0.000 5 | 1 179 | 415 | 130 | 27 | 80 | 3 |
| 13 | 301 | 458 | 0.66 | 0.063 7 | 0.009 9 | 0.120 3 | 0.020 7 | 0.013 7 | 0.000 5 | 733 | 324 | 115 | 19 | 88 | 3 |
| 14 | 2 377 | 1 283 | 1.85 | 0.047 2 | 0.005 3 | 0.090 2 | 0.011 3 | 0.013 9 | 0.000 3 | 60 | 220 | 88 | 11 | 89 | 2 |
| 15c | 172 | 655 | 0.26 | 0.067 1 | 0.002 9 | 0.431 5 | 0.019 7 | 0.046 4 | 0.000 7 | 841 | 88 | 364 | 14 | 292 | 4 |
| 16c | 958 | 1 281 | 0.75 | 0.067 1 | 0.003 2 | 0.431 5 | 0.019 7 | 0.046 4 | 0.000 7 | 2628 | 54 | 2392 | 31 | 2098 | 26 |
| 17 | 1 326 | 970 | 1.37 | 0.046 6 | 0.004 5 | 0.088 7 | 0.009 5 | 0.013 8 | 0.000 3 | 27 | 194 | 86 | 9 | 88 | 2 |
| 18 | 2 165 | 1 300 | 1.67 | 0.051 7 | 0.004 5 | 0.099 4 | 0.008 8 | 0.014 1 | 0.000 3 | 270 | 187 | 96 | 8 | 90 | 2 |
| 19 | 1 392 | 952 | 1.46 | 0.056 6 | 0.005 5 | 0.108 3 | 0.010 8 | 0.013 9 | 0.000 3 | 475 | 211 | 104 | 10 | 89 | 2 |
| 20 | 151 | 241 | 0.63 | 0.100 7 | 0.013 6 | 0.179 8 | 0.028 2 | 0.013 0 | 0.000 5 | 1637 | 253 | 168 | 24 | 83 | 3 |
| SY03 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 355 | 1 398 | 0.25 | 0.049 4 | 0.001 7 | 0.112 4 | 0.003 8 | 0.016 4 | 0.000 2 | 169 | 84 | 108 | 3 | 105 | 1 |
| 2 | 197 | 1 132 | 0.17 | 0.049 1 | 0.001 5 | 0.110 9 | 0.003 5 | 0.016 3 | 0.000 2 | 154 | 77 | 107 | 3 | 104 | 1 |
| 3 | 126 | 869 | 0.14 | 0.046 4 | 0.001 9 | 0.102 7 | 0.004 2 | 0.016 0 | 0.000 2 | 20 | 100 | 99 | 4 | 103 | 1 |
| 4 | 161 | 1 044 | 0.15 | 0.051 2 | 0.001 7 | 0.115 1 | 0.003 7 | 0.016 3 | 0.000 2 | 256 | 74 | 111 | 3 | 104 | 1 |
| 5 | 600 | 1 974 | 0.30 | 0.052 9 | 0.001 3 | 0.116 8 | 0.002 9 | 0.016 0 | 0.000 2 | 328 | 28 | 112 | 3 | 102 | 1 |
| 6 | 148 | 926 | 0.16 | 0.048 8 | 0.001 8 | 0.111 9 | 0.004 2 | 0.016 7 | 0.000 2 | 200 | 89 | 108 | 4 | 107 | 1 |
| 7 | 216 | 1 204 | 0.18 | 0.048 9 | 0.001 8 | 0.10 95 | 0.003 8 | 0.016 4 | 0.000 2 | 143 | 90 | 106 | 4 | 105 | 1 |
| 8 | 195 | 1 320 | 0.15 | 0.048 3 | 0.001 7 | 0.108 0 | 0.003 9 | 0.016 2 | 0.000 2 | 122 | 81 | 104 | 4 | 104 | 1 |
| 9 | 301 | 1 079 | 0.28 | 0.049 5 | 0.001 7 | 0.111 3 | 0.003 9 | 0.016 3 | 0.000 2 | 169 | 78 | 107 | 4 | 104 | 1 |
| 10 | 201 | 1 206 | 0.17 | 0.049 6 | 0.001 5 | 0.112 9 | 0.003 6 | 0.016 5 | 0.000 2 | 176 | 70 | 109 | 3 | 105 | 1 |
| 11 | 215 | 1 667 | 0.13 | 0.048 6 | 0.001 6 | 0.110 9 | 0.003 9 | 0.016 5 | 0.000 2 | 128 | 78 | 107 | 4 | 105 | 1 |
| 12 | 352 | 3 253 | 0.11 | 0.048 5 | 0.001 3 | 0.114 6 | 0.003 1 | 0.017 1 | 0.000 2 | 124 | 61 | 110 | 3 | 109 | 1 |
| 13 | 140 | 1 061 | 0.13 | 0.048 6 | 0.001 8 | 0.111 5 | 0.004 1 | 0.016 7 | 0.000 2 | 128 | 87 | 107 | 4 | 107 | 1 |
| 14 | 139 | 711 | 0.20 | 0.050 1 | 0.002 1 | 0.110 7 | 0.004 5 | 0.016 2 | 0.000 2 | 198 | 101 | 107 | 4 | 103 | 1 |
| 15 | 230 | 948 | 0.24 | 0.049 5 | 0.001 9 | 0.112 7 | 0.004 5 | 0.016 5 | 0.000 2 | 172 | 91 | 108 | 4 | 105 | 1 |
| 16 | 136 | 1 060 | 0.13 | 0.046 7 | 0.001 5 | 0.108 4 | 0.003 5 | 0.016 8 | 0.000 2 | 35 | 74 | 105 | 3 | 108 | 1 |
| 17 | 336 | 1 523 | 0.22 | 0.049 7 | 0.001 5 | 0.116 0 | 0.003 9 | 0.016 8 | 0.000 2 | 183 | 72 | 111 | 4 | 108 | 1 |
| 18 | 208 | 1 407 | 0.15 | 0.047 1 | 0.001 4 | 0.105 0 | 0.003 1 | 0.016 1 | 0.000 1 | 58 | 67 | 101 | 3 | 103 | 1 |
| GT02 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 134 | 170 | 0.79 | 0.048 8 | 0.005 7 | 0.098 7 | 0.011 0 | 0.015 2 | 0.000 4 | 139 | 252 | 96 | 10 | 97 | 3 |
| 2 | 250 | 265 | 0.94 | 0.049 1 | 0.003 0 | 0.101 0 | 0.005 9 | 0.015 0 | 0.000 2 | 154 | -56 | 98 | 5 | 96 | 2 |
| 3 | 130 | 147 | 0.89 | 0.051 1 | 0.003 0 | 0.102 9 | 0.005 9 | 0.015 1 | 0.000 3 | 243 | 137 | 99 | 5 | 97 | 2 |
| 4 | 323 | 342 | 0.95 | 0.048 8 | 0.002 9 | 0.103 6 | 0.006 0 | 0.015 4 | 0.000 2 | 139 | 133 | 100 | 6 | 99 | 2 |
| 5 | 415 | 430 | 0.96 | 0.043 2 | 0.002 3 | 0.092 1 | 0.004 6 | 0.015 5 | 0.000 2 | 89 | 4 | 99 | 1 | ||
| 6 | 138 | 141 | 0.98 | 0.053 6 | 0.003 4 | 0.111 1 | 0.007 0 | 0.015 0 | 0.000 3 | 367 | 147 | 107 | 6 | 96 | 2 |
| 7 | 301 | 546 | 0.55 | 0.049 2 | 0.002 3 | 0.103 2 | 0.004 8 | 0.015 2 | 0.000 2 | 167 | 111 | 100 | 4 | 97 | 1 |
| 8 | 394 | 512 | 0.77 | 0.046 8 | 0.002 3 | 0.096 5 | 0.004 6 | 0.015 1 | 0.000 2 | 39 | 115 | 94 | 4 | 96 | 1 |
| 9 | 206 | 159 | 1.29 | 0.056 1 | 0.003 7 | 0.117 0 | 0.007 8 | 0.015 2 | 0.000 3 | 454 | 146 | 112 | 7 | 97 | 2 |
| 10 | 496 | 413 | 1.20 | 0.049 2 | 0.002 4 | 0.102 1 | 0.004 9 | 0.015 1 | 0.000 2 | 167 | 113 | 99 | 4 | 97 | 1 |
| 11 | 188 | 265 | 0.71 | 0.047 2 | 0.002 9 | 0.100 4 | 0.005 9 | 0.015 6 | 0.000 3 | 61 | 150 | 97 | 5 | 100 | 2 |
| 12 | 189 | 173 | 1.09 | 0.047 9 | 0.005 2 | 0.100 5 | 0.010 9 | 0.015 3 | 0.000 4 | 95 | 250 | 97 | 10 | 98 | 3 |
| 13 | 809 | 477 | 1.70 | 0.048 9 | 0.002 5 | 0.102 9 | 0.005 3 | 0.015 3 | 0.000 2 | 143 | 122 | 99 | 5 | 98 | 1 |
| 14 | 311 | 210 | 1.48 | 0.048 4 | 0.003 0 | 0.102 3 | 0.006 8 | 0.015 4 | 0.000 3 | 120 | 141 | 99 | 6 | 99 | 2 |
| 15 | 211 | 367 | 0.57 | 0.049 7 | 0.003 3 | 0.101 4 | 0.006 9 | 0.015 3 | 0.000 4 | 189 | 156 | 98 | 6 | 98 | 2 |
| 16 | 183 | 210 | 0.87 | 0.051 0 | 0.003 5 | 0.106 7 | 0.006 7 | 0.015 3 | 0.000 3 | 243 | 157 | 103 | 6 | 98 | 2 |
DownLoad:
CSV
| Sample No. | 176Hf/177Hf | ±(2σ) | 176Lu/177Hf | 176Yb/177Hf | eHf(t) | ±(2σ) | TDM1 (Ma) | ±(2σ) | TDM2 (Ma) | ±(2σ) | U-Pb points |
| MC10 | |||||||||||
| 1 | 0.282 762 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 173 | 0.034 593 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 698 | 25 | 1 042 | 40 | |
| 2 | 0.282 755 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 019 | 0.031 951 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 706 | 25 | 1 058 | 40 | |
| 3 | 0.282 764 | 0.000 010 | 0.000 654 | 0.021 073 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 686 | 29 | 1 036 | 47 | |
| 4 | 0.282 756 | 0.000 011 | 0.001 494 | 0.040 096 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 713 | 31 | 1 057 | 49 | |
| 5 | 0.282 785 | 0.000 011 | 0.001 247 | 0.039 062 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 667 | 31 | 992 | 48 | |
| 6 | 0.282 772 | 0.000 009 | 0.001361 | 0.043 925 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 688 | 26 | 1 021 | 40 | |
| 7 | 0.282 783 | 0.000 010 | 0.001 472 | 0.048 976 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 674 | 29 | 996 | 45 | |
| 8 | 0.282 920 | 0.000 013 | 0.003 137 | 0.104 575 | 7.4 | 0.5 | 499 | 40 | 694 | 61 | |
| 9 | 0.282 742 | 0.000 012 | 0.000 777 | 0.024 034 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 718 | 33 | 1 085 | 54 | |
| 10 | 0.282 813 | 0.000 010 | 0.001 479 | 0.047 932 | 3.7 | 0.3 | 631 | 27 | 929 | 43 | |
| 11 | 0.282 793 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 914 | 0.063 648 | 3.0 | 0.3 | 668 | 25 | 977 | 39 | |
| 12 | 0.282 756 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 245 | 0.039 881 | 1.8 | 0.3 | 708 | 26 | 1 055 | 42 | |
| 13 | 0.282 829 | 0.000 011 | 0.002 445 | 0.078 825 | 4.2 | 0.4 | 624 | 32 | 897 | 49 | |
| 14 | 0.283 002 | 0.000 015 | 0.005 877 | 0.186 448 | 10.1 | 0.5 | 407 | 47 | 521 | 66 | |
| 15 | 0.282 778 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 269 | 0.040 499 | 4.3 | 0.3 | 678 | 23 | 958 | 36 | |
| SC07 | |||||||||||
| 1 | 0.282 621 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 751 | 0.052 075 | -3.2 | 0.3 | 913 | 24 | 1 366 | 37 | 1 |
| 2 | 0.282 585 | 0.000 007 | 0.001 396 | 0.040 504 | -4.4 | 0.3 | 955 | 21 | 1 444 | 33 | 2 |
| 3 | 0.282 619 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 381 | 0.039 415 | -1.3 | 0.3 | 906 | 24 | 1 314 | 37 | 3c |
| 4 | 0.282 611 | 0.000 006 | 0.001 490 | 0.043 578 | -3.5 | 0.2 | 920 | 18 | 1 387 | 28 | 4 |
| 5 | 0.282 611 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 357 | 0.040 013 | -3.5 | 0.3 | 917 | 24 | 1 387 | 37 | 5 |
| 6 | 0.282635 | 0.000009 | 0.001 458 | 0.041 999 | -2.7 | 0.3 | 886 | 25 | 1 334 | 39 | 6 |
| 7 | 0.282 607 | 0.000 007 | 0.001 473 | 0.043 716 | -3.7 | 0.2 | 926 | 19 | 1 396 | 30 | 7 |
| 8 | 0.282 626 | 0.000 006 | 0.001 723 | 0.050 824 | -3 | 0.2 | 904 | 18 | 1 353 | 28 | 8 |
| 9 | 0.282 568 | 0.000 006 | 0.001 266 | 0.038 634 | -5 | 0.2 | 976 | 17 | 1 482 | 27 | 9 |
| 10 | 0.282 617 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 427 | 0.043 266 | -3.3 | 0.3 | 910 | 22 | 1 373 | 35 | 10 |
| 11 | 0.282 203 | 0.000 010 | 0.000 829 | 0.026 779 | 6.2 | 0.4 | 1 474 | 28 | 1 628 | 44 | 13c |
| 12 | 0.282 563 | 0.000 007 | 0.001 284 | 0.037 851 | -5.2 | 0.2 | 984 | 20 | 1 494 | 31 | 12 |
| 13 | 0.282 570 | 0.000 006 | 0.000 949 | 0.028 518 | -4.9 | 0.2 | 965 | 16 | 1 476 | 26 | 11 |
| 14 | 0.282 615 | 0.000 007 | 0.001 758 | 0.051 455 | -3.4 | 0.3 | 921 | 21 | 1 378 | 33 | 14 |
| 15 | 0.282 594 | 0.000 006 | 0.001 244 | 0.036 480 | -4.1 | 0.2 | 939 | 18 | 1 424 | 28 | 15 |
| SW08 | |||||||||||
| 1 | 0.282 603 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 435 | 0.043 672 | -4.1 | 0.3 | 930 | 23 | 1 412 | 37 | 20 |
| 2 | 0.282 602 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 708 | 0.051 302 | -4.2 | 0.3 | 939 | 24 | 1 416 | 37 | 19 |
| 3 | 0.282 613 | 0.000 006 | 0.001433 | 0.043 770 | -3.8 | 0.2 | 916 | 17 | 1 391 | 27 | 18 |
| 4 | 0.282 591 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 331 | 0.041 517 | -4.5 | 0.3 | 945 | 23 | 1 439 | 37 | 17 |
| 5 | 0.281 310 | 0.000 010 | 0.000 506 | 0.013 333 | 6.4 | 0.4 | 2 678 | 27 | 2 708 | 43 | 16c |
| 6 | 0.282 572 | 0.000 007 | 0.001 419 | 0.043 717 | -5.2 | 0.3 | 974 | 21 | 1 482 | 33 | 7 |
| 7 | 0.282 610 | 0.000 007 | 0.000 625 | 0.019 498 | -3.8 | 0.2 | 901 | 19 | 1 395 | 30 | 14 |
| 8 | 0.282 591 | 0.000 007 | 0.000 445 | 0.013 804 | -4.5 | 0.2 | 923 | 19 | 1 437 | 31 | 13 |
| 9 | 0.282 617 | 0.000 006 | 0.001 470 | 0.045 928 | -3.6 | 0.2 | 911 | 17 | 1 381 | 26 | 12 |
| 10 | 0.282 597 | 0.000 009 | 0.000 489 | 0.015 190 | -4.3 | 0.3 | 916 | 25 | 1 424 | 40 | 11 |
| 11 | 0.282 612 | 0.000 008 | 0.000 766 | 0.025 093 | -3.8 | 0.3 | 901 | 21 | 1 391 | 34 | 9 |
| 12 | 0.282 594 | 0.000 009 | 0.000 818 | 0.026 854 | -4.4 | 0.3 | 928 | 24 | 1 431 | 39 | 6 |
| 13 | 0.282 599 | 0.000 014 | 0.000 790 | 0.024 339 | -4.2 | 0.5 | 920 | 40 | 1 420 | 64 | 1 |
| 14 | 0.282 585 | 0.000 007 | 0.000 647 | 0.020 822 | -4.7 | 0.3 | 936 | 20 | 1 451 | 32 | 3 |
| 15 | 0.282 602 | 0.000 008 | 0.000 630 | 0.020 282 | -4.1 | 0.3 | 912 | 22 | 1 412 | 35 | 4 |
| SY03 | |||||||||||
| 1 | 0.282 693 | 0.000 010 | 0.002 166 | 0.070 270 | -0.6 | 0.3 | 818 | 28 | 1 205 | 43 | |
| 2 | 0.282 672 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 932 | 0.064 775 | -1.4 | 0.3 | 844 | 25 | 1 251 | 39 | |
| 3 | 0.282 650 | 0.000 007 | 0.001 361 | 0.044 991 | -2.1 | 0.3 | 862 | 21 | 1 298 | 34 | |
| 4 | 0.282 673 | 0.000 009 | 0.002 190 | 0.069 369 | -1.4 | 0.3 | 848 | 27 | 1 250 | 41 | |
| 5 | 0.282 669 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 658 | 0.054 923 | -1.5 | 0.3 | 842 | 27 | 1 257 | 42 | |
| 6 | 0.282 695 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 906 | 0.063 913 | -0.6 | 0.3 | 810 | 26 | 1 199 | 40 | |
| 7 | 0.282 651 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 658 | 0.055 080 | -2.1 | 0.3 | 868 | 24 | 1 298 | 37 | |
| 8 | 0.282 673 | 0.000 017 | 0.002 264 | 0.063 288 | -1.3 | 0.6 | 849 | 48 | 1 249 | 74 | |
| 9 | 0.282 648 | 0.000 011 | 0.002 272 | 0.067 803 | -2.3 | 0.4 | 887 | 32 | 1 307 | 49 | |
| 10 | 0.282 691 | 0.000 013 | 0.002 008 | 0.061 992 | -0.7 | 0.4 | 818 | 36 | 1 209 | 56 | |
| 11 | 0.282 693 | 0.000 009 | 0.002 616 | 0.094 354 | -0.7 | 0.3 | 829 | 26 | 1 207 | 40 | |
| 12 | 0.282 676 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 506 | 0.050 127 | -1.2 | 0.3 | 828 | 24 | 1 240 | 38 | |
| 13 | 0.282 682 | 0.000 009 | 0.002 224 | 0.074 891 | -1.0 | 0.3 | 835 | 27 | 1 228 | 41 | |
| 14 | 0.282 670 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 315 | 0.043 170 | -1.4 | 0.3 | 832 | 23 | 1 252 | 36 | |
| 15 | 0.282 664 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 695 | 0.055 465 | -1.6 | 0.3 | 849 | 26 | 1 267 | 40 | |
| 16 | 0.282 641 | 0.000 010 | 0.002 152 | 0.064 284 | -2.5 | 0.3 | 893 | 28 | 1 320 | 44 | |
| GT02 | |||||||||||
| 1 | 0.282 603 | 0.000 011 | 0.000 818 | 0.031 138 | -3.9 | 0.4 | 915 | 31 | 1 405 | 49 | |
| 2 | 0.282 597 | 0.000 010 | 0.001 222 | 0.048 528 | -4.1 | 0.3 | 933 | 28 | 1 419 | 44 | |
| 3 | 0.282 580 | 0.000 011 | 0.001 096 | 0.039 525 | -4.7 | 0.4 | 954 | 32 | 1 457 | 51 | |
| 4 | 0.282 624 | 0.000 014 | 0.002 593 | 0.074 034 | -3.3 | 0.5 | 929 | 40 | 1 365 | 61 | |
| 5 | 0.282 586 | 0.000 010 | 0.000 866 | 0.028 874 | -4.5 | 0.4 | 940 | 29 | 1 443 | 46 | |
| 6 | 0.282 591 | 0.000 011 | 0.001 069 | 0.038 773 | -4.3 | 0.4 | 939 | 32 | 1 434 | 51 | |
| 7 | 0.282 606 | 0.000 009 | 0.001186 | 0.039 563 | -3.8 | 0.3 | 920 | 26 | 1 399 | 42 | |
| 8 | 0.282 616 | 0.000 012 | 0.001 017 | 0.038 498 | -3.4 | 0.4 | 901 | 34 | 1 376 | 54 | |
| 9 | 0.282 545 | 0.000 010 | 0.000 550 | 0.019 330 | -5.9 | 0.4 | 990 | 29 | 1 534 | 46 | |
| 10 | 0.282 627 | 0.000 012 | 0.001 622 | 0.055 658 | -3.1 | 0.4 | 901 | 34 | 1 355 | 53 | |
| 11 | 0.282 555 | 0.000 010 | 0.000 681 | 0.022 503 | -5.6 | 0.3 | 979 | 27 | 1513 | 44 | |
| 12 | 0.282 611 | 0.000 011 | 0.001 191 | 0.043 718 | -3.6 | 0.4 | 913 | 30 | 1 388 | 48 | |
| 13 | 0.282 578 | 0.000 012 | 0.001 538 | 0.044 728 | -4.8 | 0.4 | 968 | 34 | 1 463 | 53 | |
| 14 | 0.282 590 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 998 | 0.047 894 | -4.4 | 0.3 | 963 | 26 | 1 438 | 40 | |
| 15 | 0.282 576 | 0.000 010 | 0.000 930 | 0.030 708 | -4.8 | 0.4 | 956 | 29 | 1 465 | 46 | |
| 16 | 0.282 586 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 084 | 0.037 465 | -4.5 | 0.3 | 946 | 25 | 1 445 | 40 | |
DownLoad:
CSV
| Sample | Mineral | δ34S (‰) |
| SY01 | Pyrite | +3.8 |
| SY04 | Pyrite | +3.8 |
| SC03 | Pyrite | +1.7 |
| SC04 | Pyrite | +1.2 |
| SC06 | Pyrite | +1.7 |
| SC07 | Pyrite | +1.1 |
| SC09 | Pyrrhotite | +2.4 |
| SC11 | Pyrite | +0.8 |
| SC12 | Pyrite | +2.9 |
| SC25 | Pyrite | -0.3 |
| SC26 | Pyrite | +5.2 |
| SW07 | Pyrite | +1.9 |
DownLoad:
CSV
| Sample | δ56Fe/54Fe | 2SD | δ57Fe/54Fe | 2SD |
| SC-03 | 0.37 | 0.07 | 0.54 | 0.20 |
| SC-04 | 0.30 | 0.03 | 0.46 | 0.07 |
| SC-07 | 0.38 | 0.07 | 0.42 | 0.16 |
| SC-09 | 0.22 | 0.11 | 0.35 | 0.12 |
| SC-11 | 0.39 | 0.03 | 0.55 | 0.06 |
| SC-12 | 0.42 | 0.09 | 0.65 | 0.12 |
| SC-06 | 0.58 | 0.05 | 0.60 | 0.06 |
| SC-25 | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.26 | 0.08 |
| SY-01 | 0.30 | 0.06 | 0.41 | 0.02 |
| SY-04 | 0.42 | 0.09 | 0.63 | 0.09 |
| SW-07 | 0.27 | 0.13 | 0.38 | 0.06 |
DownLoad:
CSV
| Locality | Rock type | Age (Ma) | Method | Reference |
| Yandangshan | Felsic volcanic rock | 97±2, 99±4, 106±4 | SHRIMP U-Pb | Yu et al. (2006) |
| Quanzhou | Gabbro and adamellite | 111±1, 109±1, 108±1 | SHRIMP U-Pb | Li Z et al. (2012) |
| Eastern Guangdong and Fujian | Felsic volcanic rocks | 104–95 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Guo et al. (2012) |
| Northern Guangdong | Mafic dykes | 91–88 | Li et al. (1997) | |
| Dachang | Porphyritic granite, Q-diorite porphyrite | 91±1 | SHRIMP U-Pb | Cai et al. (2006) |
| Longtoushan | Rhyolite | 103±2 | SHRIMP U-Pb | Chen et al. (2008) |
| Pingtan | Biotite granite | 125±1 | TIMS U-Pb | Dong et al. (1997) |
| Damingshan tungsten deposit | Molybdenite | 95.4±1.0 | Re-Os | Li et al. (2008) |
| Maling tungsten deposit | Molybdenite | 95.0 to 95.8 | Re-Os | Li et al. (2008) |
| Longtoushan gold deposits | White mica | 97.1±0.8, 98.0±1.0 | 39Ar/40Ar | Chen et al. (2008) |
| Longtoushan gold deposits | Ore-bearing granitic porphyry | 96.1±3, 100.3±1.4 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Duan et al. (2011) |
| Baoshan porphyry copper deposit | Ore-bearing granitic porphyry | 91.1±0.6 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Bi et al. (2015) |
| Dachang tin-polymetallic deposit | Fluid inclusions | 91.4±2.9, 94.5±0.3, 94.6±0.5 | 39Ar/40Ar | Wang D H et al. (2010) |
| Dachang tin-polymetallic deposit | Sericite and phlogopite | 77.4±0.6, 95.3±0.7 | 39Ar/40Ar | Cheng et al. (2013) |
| Chenzhou-Ningwu fault zone | Basalts and the mafic dykes | 93–90 | Wang and Shen (2003) | |
| Northwest Jiangxi | Mafic dykes | 110–100 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Xie et al. (2002) |
| Northern Tailuko belt | Meta-granite | 87±1, 88±2 | SHRIMP U-Pb | Yui et al. (2009) |
| Kafang deposit | Molybdenite | 83.4±2.1 | Re-Os | Mao et al. (2008) |
| Putuoshan | Alklaine granite | 94±1 | TIMS U-Pb | Qiu et al. (1999) |
| Taohuadao | Alklaine granite | 93±1 | TIMS U-Pb | Qiu et al. (1999) |
| Eastern Zhejiang | Confucianism diabase | 109±3 | Whole rock Ar-Ar | Dong et al. (2007) |
| Eastern Zhejiang | Granite | 116±3 | SHRIMP U-Pb | Dong et al. (2007) |
| Shipingchuan | K-feldspar granite | 103±1 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Li Y J et al. (2009) |
| Qingtian | Alkaline granite | 101±2 | TIMS U-Pb | Qiu et al. (1999) |
| Daheshan | Quartz syenite | 86±3 | SHRIMP U-Pb | Wang et al. (2005) |
| Yaokeng | K-feldspar granite | 91±3 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Xiao et al. (2007) |
| Diaocun | Granodiorite | 104±3 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Geng et al. (2006) |
| Kuiqi | Alkaline granite | 96–92 | Rb-Sr | Martin et al. (1994) |
| Dacengshan | Granite | 93±2 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Qiu et al. (2008) |
| Dajing | K-feldspar granite | 94±2 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Qiu et al. (2008) |
| Nanzhen | K-feldspar granite | 96±3 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Qiu et al. (2008) |
| Sansha | Granite | 92±2 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Qiu et al. (2008) |
DownLoad:
CSV
| Point | Th (μg/g) | U (μg/g) | Th/U | 207Pb/206Pb | 1σ | 207Pb/235U | 1σ | 206Pb/238U | 1σ | 207Pb/206Pb (Ma) | 1σ | 207Pb/235U (Ma) | 1σ | 206Pb/238U (Ma) | 1σ |
| MC03 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 418 | 798 | 0.52 | 0.049 4 | 0.002 0 | 0.114 0 | 0.004 7 | 0.016 7 | 0.000 2 | 169 | 92 | 110 | 4 | 107 | 1 |
| 2 | 370 | 638 | 0.58 | 0.049 1 | 0.001 6 | 0.117 8 | 0.004 0 | 0.017 3 | 0.000 2 | 154 | 78 | 113 | 4 | 111 | 1 |
| 3 | 538 | 1 251 | 0.43 | 0.049 7 | 0.001 6 | 0.118 4 | 0.003 8 | 0.017 1 | 0.000 2 | 189 | 74 | 114 | 3 | 109 | 1 |
| 4 | 489 | 607 | 0.81 | 0.050 0 | 0.001 9 | 0.116 5 | 0.004 5 | 0.016 9 | 0.000 2 | 195 | 89 | 112 | 4 | 108 | 1 |
| 5 | 408 | 632 | 0.65 | 0.049 7 | 0.002 2 | 0.116 7 | 0.005 1 | 0.017 1 | 0.000 2 | 189 | 104 | 112 | 5 | 109 | 1 |
| 6 | 333 | 556 | 0.60 | 0.048 4 | 0.002 6 | 0.118 2 | 0.006 7 | 0.017 6 | 0.000 3 | 117 | 122 | 113 | 6 | 112 | 2 |
| 7 | 485 | 734 | 0.66 | 0.048 7 | 0.002 2 | 0.116 3 | 0.005 4 | 0.017 3 | 0.000 2 | 200 | 109 | 112 | 5 | 111 | 2 |
| 8 | 336 | 611 | 0.55 | 0.051 3 | 0.002 1 | 0.118 3 | 0.004 7 | 0.016 8 | 0.000 2 | 254 | 88 | 114 | 4 | 107 | 1 |
| 9 | 246 | 517 | 0.48 | 0.050 0 | 0.002 1 | 0.116 9 | 0.004 8 | 0.017 0 | 0.000 2 | 195 | 94 | 112 | 4 | 109 | 1 |
| 10 | 404 | 742 | 0.54 | 0.049 7 | 0.001 9 | 0.115 6 | 0.004 3 | 0.016 9 | 0.000 2 | 189 | 89 | 111 | 4 | 108 | 1 |
| 11 | 1061 | 1 266 | 0.84 | 0.048 9 | 0.001 3 | 0.114 6 | 0.003 2 | 0.017 0 | 0.000 2 | 143 | 66 | 110 | 3 | 108 | 1 |
| 12 | 320 | 675 | 0.47 | 0.048 9 | 0.002 0 | 0.118 1 | 0.004 9 | 0.017 6 | 0.000 2 | 143 | 96 | 113 | 4 | 112 | 1 |
| 13 | 266 | 524 | 0.51 | 0.049 1 | 0.002 4 | 0.119 0 | 0.005 9 | 0.017 6 | 0.000 2 | 150 | 115 | 114 | 5 | 113 | 2 |
| 14 | 366 | 662 | 0.55 | 0.048 3 | 0.001 9 | 0.116 0 | 0.004 6 | 0.017 5 | 0.000 2 | 122 | 94 | 111 | 4 | 112 | 1 |
| 15 | 370 | 611 | 0.61 | 0.0510 | 0.002 0 | 0.118 2 | 0.004 6 | 0.016 9 | 0.000 2 | 239 | 91 | 113 | 4 | 108 | 1 |
| 16 | 295 | 536 | 0.55 | 0.046 6 | 0.001 8 | 0.112 6 | 0.004 4 | 0.017 5 | 0.000 2 | 28 | 89 | 108 | 4 | 112 | 1 |
| 17 | 453 | 752 | 0.60 | 0.050 1 | 0.001 6 | 0.119 7 | 0.003 9 | 0.017 2 | 0.000 2 | 198 | 105 | 115 | 4 | 110 | 1 |
| 18 | 344 | 521 | 0.66 | 0.048 9 | 0.002 0 | 0.117 6 | 0.005 1 | 0.017 4 | 0.000 2 | 139 | 96 | 113 | 5 | 111 | 1 |
| MC10 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 289 | 665 | 0.43 | 0.050 2 | 0.002 2 | 0.116 6 | 0.005 5 | 0.017 2 | 0.000 3 | 211 | 102 | 112 | 5 | 110 | 2 |
| 2 | 286 | 494 | 0.58 | 0.050 8 | 0.002 3 | 0.118 3 | 0.005 2 | 0.016 8 | 0.000 2 | 232 | 104 | 114 | 5 | 108 | 1 |
| 3 | 324 | 584 | 0.56 | 0.050 3 | 0.001 7 | 0.120 1 | 0.004 1 | 0.017 3 | 0.000 2 | 209 | 80 | 115 | 4 | 110 | 1 |
| 4 | 359 | 545 | 0.66 | 0.051 1 | 0.002 1 | 0.116 7 | 0.004 4 | 0.016 7 | 0.000 2 | 243 | 99 | 112 | 4 | 107 | 1 |
| 5 | 191 | 432 | 0.44 | 0.048 7 | 0.002 3 | 0.114 5 | 0.005 5 | 0.017 1 | 0.000 2 | 132 | 115 | 110 | 5 | 110 | 2 |
| 6 | 717 | 881 | 0.81 | 0.050 3 | 0.001 8 | 0.113 7 | 0.004 3 | 0.016 5 | 0.000 2 | 209 | 88 | 109 | 4 | 106 | 1 |
| 7 | 284 | 364 | 0.78 | 0.048 9 | 0.002 4 | 0.114 8 | 0.005 6 | 0.017 3 | 0.000 2 | 143 | 117 | 110 | 5 | 110 | 2 |
| 8 | 1 662 | 1 348 | 1.23 | 0.047 1 | 0.001 7 | 0.113 6 | 0.004 3 | 0.017 4 | 0.000 2 | 54 | 89 | 109 | 4 | 111 | 1 |
| 9 | 203 | 314 | 0.65 | 0.049 7 | 0.003 0 | 0.117 7 | 0.006 8 | 0.017 4 | 0.000 3 | 189 | 141 | 113 | 6 | 111 | 2 |
| 10 | 247 | 517 | 0.48 | 0.047 1 | 0.002 2 | 0.113 3 | 0.005 1 | 0.017 5 | 0.000 2 | 58 | 107 | 109 | 5 | 112 | 1 |
| 11 | 513 | 916 | 0.56 | 0.048 2 | 0.001 7 | 0.114 7 | 0.004 0 | 0.017 2 | 0.000 2 | 109 | 77 | 110 | 4 | 110 | 1 |
| 12 | 576 | 860 | 0.67 | 0.048 0 | 0.001 7 | 0.113 5 | 0.003 9 | 0.017 2 | 0.000 2 | 98 | 88 | 109 | 4 | 110 | 1 |
| 13 | 575 | 671 | 0.86 | 0.048 5 | 0.001 9 | 0.113 6 | 0.004 3 | 0.016 9 | 0.000 2 | 124 | 91 | 109 | 4 | 108 | 1 |
| 14 | 3 394 | 2 239 | 1.52 | 0.047 3 | 0.001 3 | 0.112 4 | 0.003 1 | 0.017 1 | 0.000 2 | 65 | 63 | 108 | 3 | 109 | 1 |
| SC07 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 304 | 2 358 | 0.13 | 0.051 7 | 0.002 6 | 0.117 1 | 0.006 1 | 0.016 2 | 0.000 2 | 272 | 115 | 112 | 6 | 104 | 1 |
| 2 | 618 | 1 851 | 0.33 | 0.050 0 | 0.003 0 | 0.113 0 | 0.006 4 | 0.016 5 | 0.000 3 | 195 | 139 | 109 | 6 | 105 | 2 |
| 3c | 358 | 1 367 | 0.26 | 0.056 3 | 0.002 6 | 0.256 7 | 0.017 4 | 0.031 0 | 0.001 5 | 461 | 106 | 232 | 14 | 197 | 9 |
| 4 | 543 | 4 737 | 0.11 | 0.047 0 | 0.001 9 | 0.102 8 | 0.004 0 | 0.015 8 | 0.000 2 | 56 | 83 | 99.4 | 3.7 | 101 | 1 |
| 5 | 200 | 920 | 0.22 | 0.060 6 | 0.004 3 | 0.131 7 | 0.009 6 | 0.016 0 | 0.000 3 | 628 | 154 | 126 | 9 | 102 | 2 |
| 6 | 582 | 1 951 | 0.3 | 0.051 2 | 0.003 1 | 0.112 5 | 0.006 5 | 0.016 1 | 0.000 2 | 256 | 141 | 108 | 6 | 103 | 2 |
| 7 | 897 | 3 178 | 0.28 | 0.049 4 | 0.002 3 | 0.107 6 | 0.004 8 | 0.016 0 | 0.000 2 | 165 | 109 | 104 | 4 | 102 | 1 |
| 8 | 612 | 3 327 | 0.18 | 0.049 7 | 0.002 1 | 0.109 7 | 0.004 5 | 0.015 9 | 0.000 2 | 189 | 100 | 106 | 4 | 102 | 1 |
| 9 | 624 | 2 638 | 0.24 | 0.048 8 | 0.002 7 | 0.109 4 | 0.005 9 | 0.016 3 | 0.000 2 | 139 | -69 | 105 | 5 | 104 | 1 |
| 10 | 1 185 | 2 505 | 0.47 | 0.046 4 | 0.002 2 | 0.103 9 | 0.004 9 | 0.016 3 | 0.000 2 | 20 | 111 | 100 | 4 | 104 | 1 |
| 11 | 783 | 2 797 | 0.28 | 0.048 2 | 0.002 3 | 0.107 7 | 0.005 0 | 0.016 2 | 0.000 2 | 106 | 111 | 104 | 5 | 104 | 1 |
| 12 | 532 | 2 541 | 0.21 | 0.047 5 | 0.002 7 | 0.107 0 | 0.005 9 | 0.016 4 | 0.000 3 | 72 | 139 | 103 | 5 | 105 | 2 |
| 13c | 383 | 384 | 1 | 0.080 8 | 0.003 0 | 2.254 8 | 0.080 8 | 0.201 1 | 0.002 5 | 1218 | 72 | 1198 | 25 | 1181 | 13 |
| 14 | 338 | 1 858 | 0.18 | 0.051 4 | 0.003 1 | 0.115 0 | 0.006 6 | 0.016 4 | 0.000 3 | 257 | 134 | 111 | 6 | 105 | 2 |
| 15 | 357 | 1 279 | 0.28 | 0.061 1 | 0.006 8 | 0.138 1 | 0.016 1 | 0.016 3 | 0.000 3 | 643 | 238 | 131 | 14 | 104 | 2 |
| SW08 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 151 | 241 | 0.63 | 0.100 7 | 0.013 6 | 0.179 8 | 0.028 2 | 0.013 0 | 0.000 5 | 1637 | 253 | 168 | 24 | 83 | 3 |
| 2c | 416 | 2 011 | 0.21 | 0.052 6 | 0.002 2 | 0.328 5 | 0.014 4 | 0.045 4 | 0.000 7 | 313 | 90 | 288 | 11 | 286 | 4 |
| 3 | 393 | 683 | 0.58 | 0.062 4 | 0.006 3 | 0.115 2 | 0.013 4 | 0.013 4 | 0.000 4 | 687 | 213 | 111 | 12 | 86 | 2 |
| 4 | 302 | 498 | 0.61 | 0.079 5 | 0.007 1 | 0.150 6 | 0.015 6 | 0.013 8 | 0.000 4 | 1 183 | 173 | 142 | 14 | 88 | 2 |
| 5 | 215 | 393 | 0.55 | 0.082 4 | 0.011 1 | 0.151 6 | 0.023 1 | 0.013 3 | 0.000 5 | 1 256 | 270 | 143 | 20 | 85 | 3 |
| 6 | 200 | 246 | 0.82 | 0.101 3 | 0.013 6 | 0.187 7 | 0.029 9 | 0.013 4 | 0.000 6 | 1 649 | 250 | 175 | 26 | 86 | 4 |
| 7 | 1 132 | 961 | 1.18 | 0.046 1 | 0.005 3 | 0.084 4 | 0.010 6 | 0.013 3 | 0.000 3 | 3 | 216 | 82 | 10 | 85 | 2 |
| 8 | 285 | 463 | 0.61 | 0.090 3 | 0.006 7 | 0.152 1 | 0.012 2 | 0.013 5 | 0.000 4 | 1 431 | 139 | 144 | 11 | 87 | 2 |
| 9 | 416 | 684 | 0.61 | 0.060 0 | 0.008 9 | 0.111 5 | 0.017 6 | 0.013 5 | 0.000 3 | 602 | 315 | 107 | 16 | 86 | 2 |
| 10 | 1 661 | 1 062 | 1.56 | 0.055 7 | 0.003 0 | 0.107 9 | 0.006 2 | 0.014 4 | 0.000 3 | 439 | 116 | 104 | 6 | 92 | 2 |
| 11 | 1 199 | 956 | 1.25 | 0.046 7 | 0.006 3 | 0.087 6 | 0.012 9 | 0.013 6 | 0.000 4 | 35 | 246 | 85 | 12 | 87 | 2 |
| 12 | 166 | 257 | 0.65 | 0.079 3 | 0.015 8 | 0.136 2 | 0.030 5 | 0.012 5 | 0.000 5 | 1 179 | 415 | 130 | 27 | 80 | 3 |
| 13 | 301 | 458 | 0.66 | 0.063 7 | 0.009 9 | 0.120 3 | 0.020 7 | 0.013 7 | 0.000 5 | 733 | 324 | 115 | 19 | 88 | 3 |
| 14 | 2 377 | 1 283 | 1.85 | 0.047 2 | 0.005 3 | 0.090 2 | 0.011 3 | 0.013 9 | 0.000 3 | 60 | 220 | 88 | 11 | 89 | 2 |
| 15c | 172 | 655 | 0.26 | 0.067 1 | 0.002 9 | 0.431 5 | 0.019 7 | 0.046 4 | 0.000 7 | 841 | 88 | 364 | 14 | 292 | 4 |
| 16c | 958 | 1 281 | 0.75 | 0.067 1 | 0.003 2 | 0.431 5 | 0.019 7 | 0.046 4 | 0.000 7 | 2628 | 54 | 2392 | 31 | 2098 | 26 |
| 17 | 1 326 | 970 | 1.37 | 0.046 6 | 0.004 5 | 0.088 7 | 0.009 5 | 0.013 8 | 0.000 3 | 27 | 194 | 86 | 9 | 88 | 2 |
| 18 | 2 165 | 1 300 | 1.67 | 0.051 7 | 0.004 5 | 0.099 4 | 0.008 8 | 0.014 1 | 0.000 3 | 270 | 187 | 96 | 8 | 90 | 2 |
| 19 | 1 392 | 952 | 1.46 | 0.056 6 | 0.005 5 | 0.108 3 | 0.010 8 | 0.013 9 | 0.000 3 | 475 | 211 | 104 | 10 | 89 | 2 |
| 20 | 151 | 241 | 0.63 | 0.100 7 | 0.013 6 | 0.179 8 | 0.028 2 | 0.013 0 | 0.000 5 | 1637 | 253 | 168 | 24 | 83 | 3 |
| SY03 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 355 | 1 398 | 0.25 | 0.049 4 | 0.001 7 | 0.112 4 | 0.003 8 | 0.016 4 | 0.000 2 | 169 | 84 | 108 | 3 | 105 | 1 |
| 2 | 197 | 1 132 | 0.17 | 0.049 1 | 0.001 5 | 0.110 9 | 0.003 5 | 0.016 3 | 0.000 2 | 154 | 77 | 107 | 3 | 104 | 1 |
| 3 | 126 | 869 | 0.14 | 0.046 4 | 0.001 9 | 0.102 7 | 0.004 2 | 0.016 0 | 0.000 2 | 20 | 100 | 99 | 4 | 103 | 1 |
| 4 | 161 | 1 044 | 0.15 | 0.051 2 | 0.001 7 | 0.115 1 | 0.003 7 | 0.016 3 | 0.000 2 | 256 | 74 | 111 | 3 | 104 | 1 |
| 5 | 600 | 1 974 | 0.30 | 0.052 9 | 0.001 3 | 0.116 8 | 0.002 9 | 0.016 0 | 0.000 2 | 328 | 28 | 112 | 3 | 102 | 1 |
| 6 | 148 | 926 | 0.16 | 0.048 8 | 0.001 8 | 0.111 9 | 0.004 2 | 0.016 7 | 0.000 2 | 200 | 89 | 108 | 4 | 107 | 1 |
| 7 | 216 | 1 204 | 0.18 | 0.048 9 | 0.001 8 | 0.10 95 | 0.003 8 | 0.016 4 | 0.000 2 | 143 | 90 | 106 | 4 | 105 | 1 |
| 8 | 195 | 1 320 | 0.15 | 0.048 3 | 0.001 7 | 0.108 0 | 0.003 9 | 0.016 2 | 0.000 2 | 122 | 81 | 104 | 4 | 104 | 1 |
| 9 | 301 | 1 079 | 0.28 | 0.049 5 | 0.001 7 | 0.111 3 | 0.003 9 | 0.016 3 | 0.000 2 | 169 | 78 | 107 | 4 | 104 | 1 |
| 10 | 201 | 1 206 | 0.17 | 0.049 6 | 0.001 5 | 0.112 9 | 0.003 6 | 0.016 5 | 0.000 2 | 176 | 70 | 109 | 3 | 105 | 1 |
| 11 | 215 | 1 667 | 0.13 | 0.048 6 | 0.001 6 | 0.110 9 | 0.003 9 | 0.016 5 | 0.000 2 | 128 | 78 | 107 | 4 | 105 | 1 |
| 12 | 352 | 3 253 | 0.11 | 0.048 5 | 0.001 3 | 0.114 6 | 0.003 1 | 0.017 1 | 0.000 2 | 124 | 61 | 110 | 3 | 109 | 1 |
| 13 | 140 | 1 061 | 0.13 | 0.048 6 | 0.001 8 | 0.111 5 | 0.004 1 | 0.016 7 | 0.000 2 | 128 | 87 | 107 | 4 | 107 | 1 |
| 14 | 139 | 711 | 0.20 | 0.050 1 | 0.002 1 | 0.110 7 | 0.004 5 | 0.016 2 | 0.000 2 | 198 | 101 | 107 | 4 | 103 | 1 |
| 15 | 230 | 948 | 0.24 | 0.049 5 | 0.001 9 | 0.112 7 | 0.004 5 | 0.016 5 | 0.000 2 | 172 | 91 | 108 | 4 | 105 | 1 |
| 16 | 136 | 1 060 | 0.13 | 0.046 7 | 0.001 5 | 0.108 4 | 0.003 5 | 0.016 8 | 0.000 2 | 35 | 74 | 105 | 3 | 108 | 1 |
| 17 | 336 | 1 523 | 0.22 | 0.049 7 | 0.001 5 | 0.116 0 | 0.003 9 | 0.016 8 | 0.000 2 | 183 | 72 | 111 | 4 | 108 | 1 |
| 18 | 208 | 1 407 | 0.15 | 0.047 1 | 0.001 4 | 0.105 0 | 0.003 1 | 0.016 1 | 0.000 1 | 58 | 67 | 101 | 3 | 103 | 1 |
| GT02 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 134 | 170 | 0.79 | 0.048 8 | 0.005 7 | 0.098 7 | 0.011 0 | 0.015 2 | 0.000 4 | 139 | 252 | 96 | 10 | 97 | 3 |
| 2 | 250 | 265 | 0.94 | 0.049 1 | 0.003 0 | 0.101 0 | 0.005 9 | 0.015 0 | 0.000 2 | 154 | -56 | 98 | 5 | 96 | 2 |
| 3 | 130 | 147 | 0.89 | 0.051 1 | 0.003 0 | 0.102 9 | 0.005 9 | 0.015 1 | 0.000 3 | 243 | 137 | 99 | 5 | 97 | 2 |
| 4 | 323 | 342 | 0.95 | 0.048 8 | 0.002 9 | 0.103 6 | 0.006 0 | 0.015 4 | 0.000 2 | 139 | 133 | 100 | 6 | 99 | 2 |
| 5 | 415 | 430 | 0.96 | 0.043 2 | 0.002 3 | 0.092 1 | 0.004 6 | 0.015 5 | 0.000 2 | 89 | 4 | 99 | 1 | ||
| 6 | 138 | 141 | 0.98 | 0.053 6 | 0.003 4 | 0.111 1 | 0.007 0 | 0.015 0 | 0.000 3 | 367 | 147 | 107 | 6 | 96 | 2 |
| 7 | 301 | 546 | 0.55 | 0.049 2 | 0.002 3 | 0.103 2 | 0.004 8 | 0.015 2 | 0.000 2 | 167 | 111 | 100 | 4 | 97 | 1 |
| 8 | 394 | 512 | 0.77 | 0.046 8 | 0.002 3 | 0.096 5 | 0.004 6 | 0.015 1 | 0.000 2 | 39 | 115 | 94 | 4 | 96 | 1 |
| 9 | 206 | 159 | 1.29 | 0.056 1 | 0.003 7 | 0.117 0 | 0.007 8 | 0.015 2 | 0.000 3 | 454 | 146 | 112 | 7 | 97 | 2 |
| 10 | 496 | 413 | 1.20 | 0.049 2 | 0.002 4 | 0.102 1 | 0.004 9 | 0.015 1 | 0.000 2 | 167 | 113 | 99 | 4 | 97 | 1 |
| 11 | 188 | 265 | 0.71 | 0.047 2 | 0.002 9 | 0.100 4 | 0.005 9 | 0.015 6 | 0.000 3 | 61 | 150 | 97 | 5 | 100 | 2 |
| 12 | 189 | 173 | 1.09 | 0.047 9 | 0.005 2 | 0.100 5 | 0.010 9 | 0.015 3 | 0.000 4 | 95 | 250 | 97 | 10 | 98 | 3 |
| 13 | 809 | 477 | 1.70 | 0.048 9 | 0.002 5 | 0.102 9 | 0.005 3 | 0.015 3 | 0.000 2 | 143 | 122 | 99 | 5 | 98 | 1 |
| 14 | 311 | 210 | 1.48 | 0.048 4 | 0.003 0 | 0.102 3 | 0.006 8 | 0.015 4 | 0.000 3 | 120 | 141 | 99 | 6 | 99 | 2 |
| 15 | 211 | 367 | 0.57 | 0.049 7 | 0.003 3 | 0.101 4 | 0.006 9 | 0.015 3 | 0.000 4 | 189 | 156 | 98 | 6 | 98 | 2 |
| 16 | 183 | 210 | 0.87 | 0.051 0 | 0.003 5 | 0.106 7 | 0.006 7 | 0.015 3 | 0.000 3 | 243 | 157 | 103 | 6 | 98 | 2 |
| Sample No. | 176Hf/177Hf | ±(2σ) | 176Lu/177Hf | 176Yb/177Hf | eHf(t) | ±(2σ) | TDM1 (Ma) | ±(2σ) | TDM2 (Ma) | ±(2σ) | U-Pb points |
| MC10 | |||||||||||
| 1 | 0.282 762 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 173 | 0.034 593 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 698 | 25 | 1 042 | 40 | |
| 2 | 0.282 755 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 019 | 0.031 951 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 706 | 25 | 1 058 | 40 | |
| 3 | 0.282 764 | 0.000 010 | 0.000 654 | 0.021 073 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 686 | 29 | 1 036 | 47 | |
| 4 | 0.282 756 | 0.000 011 | 0.001 494 | 0.040 096 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 713 | 31 | 1 057 | 49 | |
| 5 | 0.282 785 | 0.000 011 | 0.001 247 | 0.039 062 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 667 | 31 | 992 | 48 | |
| 6 | 0.282 772 | 0.000 009 | 0.001361 | 0.043 925 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 688 | 26 | 1 021 | 40 | |
| 7 | 0.282 783 | 0.000 010 | 0.001 472 | 0.048 976 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 674 | 29 | 996 | 45 | |
| 8 | 0.282 920 | 0.000 013 | 0.003 137 | 0.104 575 | 7.4 | 0.5 | 499 | 40 | 694 | 61 | |
| 9 | 0.282 742 | 0.000 012 | 0.000 777 | 0.024 034 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 718 | 33 | 1 085 | 54 | |
| 10 | 0.282 813 | 0.000 010 | 0.001 479 | 0.047 932 | 3.7 | 0.3 | 631 | 27 | 929 | 43 | |
| 11 | 0.282 793 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 914 | 0.063 648 | 3.0 | 0.3 | 668 | 25 | 977 | 39 | |
| 12 | 0.282 756 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 245 | 0.039 881 | 1.8 | 0.3 | 708 | 26 | 1 055 | 42 | |
| 13 | 0.282 829 | 0.000 011 | 0.002 445 | 0.078 825 | 4.2 | 0.4 | 624 | 32 | 897 | 49 | |
| 14 | 0.283 002 | 0.000 015 | 0.005 877 | 0.186 448 | 10.1 | 0.5 | 407 | 47 | 521 | 66 | |
| 15 | 0.282 778 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 269 | 0.040 499 | 4.3 | 0.3 | 678 | 23 | 958 | 36 | |
| SC07 | |||||||||||
| 1 | 0.282 621 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 751 | 0.052 075 | -3.2 | 0.3 | 913 | 24 | 1 366 | 37 | 1 |
| 2 | 0.282 585 | 0.000 007 | 0.001 396 | 0.040 504 | -4.4 | 0.3 | 955 | 21 | 1 444 | 33 | 2 |
| 3 | 0.282 619 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 381 | 0.039 415 | -1.3 | 0.3 | 906 | 24 | 1 314 | 37 | 3c |
| 4 | 0.282 611 | 0.000 006 | 0.001 490 | 0.043 578 | -3.5 | 0.2 | 920 | 18 | 1 387 | 28 | 4 |
| 5 | 0.282 611 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 357 | 0.040 013 | -3.5 | 0.3 | 917 | 24 | 1 387 | 37 | 5 |
| 6 | 0.282635 | 0.000009 | 0.001 458 | 0.041 999 | -2.7 | 0.3 | 886 | 25 | 1 334 | 39 | 6 |
| 7 | 0.282 607 | 0.000 007 | 0.001 473 | 0.043 716 | -3.7 | 0.2 | 926 | 19 | 1 396 | 30 | 7 |
| 8 | 0.282 626 | 0.000 006 | 0.001 723 | 0.050 824 | -3 | 0.2 | 904 | 18 | 1 353 | 28 | 8 |
| 9 | 0.282 568 | 0.000 006 | 0.001 266 | 0.038 634 | -5 | 0.2 | 976 | 17 | 1 482 | 27 | 9 |
| 10 | 0.282 617 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 427 | 0.043 266 | -3.3 | 0.3 | 910 | 22 | 1 373 | 35 | 10 |
| 11 | 0.282 203 | 0.000 010 | 0.000 829 | 0.026 779 | 6.2 | 0.4 | 1 474 | 28 | 1 628 | 44 | 13c |
| 12 | 0.282 563 | 0.000 007 | 0.001 284 | 0.037 851 | -5.2 | 0.2 | 984 | 20 | 1 494 | 31 | 12 |
| 13 | 0.282 570 | 0.000 006 | 0.000 949 | 0.028 518 | -4.9 | 0.2 | 965 | 16 | 1 476 | 26 | 11 |
| 14 | 0.282 615 | 0.000 007 | 0.001 758 | 0.051 455 | -3.4 | 0.3 | 921 | 21 | 1 378 | 33 | 14 |
| 15 | 0.282 594 | 0.000 006 | 0.001 244 | 0.036 480 | -4.1 | 0.2 | 939 | 18 | 1 424 | 28 | 15 |
| SW08 | |||||||||||
| 1 | 0.282 603 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 435 | 0.043 672 | -4.1 | 0.3 | 930 | 23 | 1 412 | 37 | 20 |
| 2 | 0.282 602 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 708 | 0.051 302 | -4.2 | 0.3 | 939 | 24 | 1 416 | 37 | 19 |
| 3 | 0.282 613 | 0.000 006 | 0.001433 | 0.043 770 | -3.8 | 0.2 | 916 | 17 | 1 391 | 27 | 18 |
| 4 | 0.282 591 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 331 | 0.041 517 | -4.5 | 0.3 | 945 | 23 | 1 439 | 37 | 17 |
| 5 | 0.281 310 | 0.000 010 | 0.000 506 | 0.013 333 | 6.4 | 0.4 | 2 678 | 27 | 2 708 | 43 | 16c |
| 6 | 0.282 572 | 0.000 007 | 0.001 419 | 0.043 717 | -5.2 | 0.3 | 974 | 21 | 1 482 | 33 | 7 |
| 7 | 0.282 610 | 0.000 007 | 0.000 625 | 0.019 498 | -3.8 | 0.2 | 901 | 19 | 1 395 | 30 | 14 |
| 8 | 0.282 591 | 0.000 007 | 0.000 445 | 0.013 804 | -4.5 | 0.2 | 923 | 19 | 1 437 | 31 | 13 |
| 9 | 0.282 617 | 0.000 006 | 0.001 470 | 0.045 928 | -3.6 | 0.2 | 911 | 17 | 1 381 | 26 | 12 |
| 10 | 0.282 597 | 0.000 009 | 0.000 489 | 0.015 190 | -4.3 | 0.3 | 916 | 25 | 1 424 | 40 | 11 |
| 11 | 0.282 612 | 0.000 008 | 0.000 766 | 0.025 093 | -3.8 | 0.3 | 901 | 21 | 1 391 | 34 | 9 |
| 12 | 0.282 594 | 0.000 009 | 0.000 818 | 0.026 854 | -4.4 | 0.3 | 928 | 24 | 1 431 | 39 | 6 |
| 13 | 0.282 599 | 0.000 014 | 0.000 790 | 0.024 339 | -4.2 | 0.5 | 920 | 40 | 1 420 | 64 | 1 |
| 14 | 0.282 585 | 0.000 007 | 0.000 647 | 0.020 822 | -4.7 | 0.3 | 936 | 20 | 1 451 | 32 | 3 |
| 15 | 0.282 602 | 0.000 008 | 0.000 630 | 0.020 282 | -4.1 | 0.3 | 912 | 22 | 1 412 | 35 | 4 |
| SY03 | |||||||||||
| 1 | 0.282 693 | 0.000 010 | 0.002 166 | 0.070 270 | -0.6 | 0.3 | 818 | 28 | 1 205 | 43 | |
| 2 | 0.282 672 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 932 | 0.064 775 | -1.4 | 0.3 | 844 | 25 | 1 251 | 39 | |
| 3 | 0.282 650 | 0.000 007 | 0.001 361 | 0.044 991 | -2.1 | 0.3 | 862 | 21 | 1 298 | 34 | |
| 4 | 0.282 673 | 0.000 009 | 0.002 190 | 0.069 369 | -1.4 | 0.3 | 848 | 27 | 1 250 | 41 | |
| 5 | 0.282 669 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 658 | 0.054 923 | -1.5 | 0.3 | 842 | 27 | 1 257 | 42 | |
| 6 | 0.282 695 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 906 | 0.063 913 | -0.6 | 0.3 | 810 | 26 | 1 199 | 40 | |
| 7 | 0.282 651 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 658 | 0.055 080 | -2.1 | 0.3 | 868 | 24 | 1 298 | 37 | |
| 8 | 0.282 673 | 0.000 017 | 0.002 264 | 0.063 288 | -1.3 | 0.6 | 849 | 48 | 1 249 | 74 | |
| 9 | 0.282 648 | 0.000 011 | 0.002 272 | 0.067 803 | -2.3 | 0.4 | 887 | 32 | 1 307 | 49 | |
| 10 | 0.282 691 | 0.000 013 | 0.002 008 | 0.061 992 | -0.7 | 0.4 | 818 | 36 | 1 209 | 56 | |
| 11 | 0.282 693 | 0.000 009 | 0.002 616 | 0.094 354 | -0.7 | 0.3 | 829 | 26 | 1 207 | 40 | |
| 12 | 0.282 676 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 506 | 0.050 127 | -1.2 | 0.3 | 828 | 24 | 1 240 | 38 | |
| 13 | 0.282 682 | 0.000 009 | 0.002 224 | 0.074 891 | -1.0 | 0.3 | 835 | 27 | 1 228 | 41 | |
| 14 | 0.282 670 | 0.000 008 | 0.001 315 | 0.043 170 | -1.4 | 0.3 | 832 | 23 | 1 252 | 36 | |
| 15 | 0.282 664 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 695 | 0.055 465 | -1.6 | 0.3 | 849 | 26 | 1 267 | 40 | |
| 16 | 0.282 641 | 0.000 010 | 0.002 152 | 0.064 284 | -2.5 | 0.3 | 893 | 28 | 1 320 | 44 | |
| GT02 | |||||||||||
| 1 | 0.282 603 | 0.000 011 | 0.000 818 | 0.031 138 | -3.9 | 0.4 | 915 | 31 | 1 405 | 49 | |
| 2 | 0.282 597 | 0.000 010 | 0.001 222 | 0.048 528 | -4.1 | 0.3 | 933 | 28 | 1 419 | 44 | |
| 3 | 0.282 580 | 0.000 011 | 0.001 096 | 0.039 525 | -4.7 | 0.4 | 954 | 32 | 1 457 | 51 | |
| 4 | 0.282 624 | 0.000 014 | 0.002 593 | 0.074 034 | -3.3 | 0.5 | 929 | 40 | 1 365 | 61 | |
| 5 | 0.282 586 | 0.000 010 | 0.000 866 | 0.028 874 | -4.5 | 0.4 | 940 | 29 | 1 443 | 46 | |
| 6 | 0.282 591 | 0.000 011 | 0.001 069 | 0.038 773 | -4.3 | 0.4 | 939 | 32 | 1 434 | 51 | |
| 7 | 0.282 606 | 0.000 009 | 0.001186 | 0.039 563 | -3.8 | 0.3 | 920 | 26 | 1 399 | 42 | |
| 8 | 0.282 616 | 0.000 012 | 0.001 017 | 0.038 498 | -3.4 | 0.4 | 901 | 34 | 1 376 | 54 | |
| 9 | 0.282 545 | 0.000 010 | 0.000 550 | 0.019 330 | -5.9 | 0.4 | 990 | 29 | 1 534 | 46 | |
| 10 | 0.282 627 | 0.000 012 | 0.001 622 | 0.055 658 | -3.1 | 0.4 | 901 | 34 | 1 355 | 53 | |
| 11 | 0.282 555 | 0.000 010 | 0.000 681 | 0.022 503 | -5.6 | 0.3 | 979 | 27 | 1513 | 44 | |
| 12 | 0.282 611 | 0.000 011 | 0.001 191 | 0.043 718 | -3.6 | 0.4 | 913 | 30 | 1 388 | 48 | |
| 13 | 0.282 578 | 0.000 012 | 0.001 538 | 0.044 728 | -4.8 | 0.4 | 968 | 34 | 1 463 | 53 | |
| 14 | 0.282 590 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 998 | 0.047 894 | -4.4 | 0.3 | 963 | 26 | 1 438 | 40 | |
| 15 | 0.282 576 | 0.000 010 | 0.000 930 | 0.030 708 | -4.8 | 0.4 | 956 | 29 | 1 465 | 46 | |
| 16 | 0.282 586 | 0.000 009 | 0.001 084 | 0.037 465 | -4.5 | 0.3 | 946 | 25 | 1 445 | 40 | |
| Sample | Mineral | δ34S (‰) |
| SY01 | Pyrite | +3.8 |
| SY04 | Pyrite | +3.8 |
| SC03 | Pyrite | +1.7 |
| SC04 | Pyrite | +1.2 |
| SC06 | Pyrite | +1.7 |
| SC07 | Pyrite | +1.1 |
| SC09 | Pyrrhotite | +2.4 |
| SC11 | Pyrite | +0.8 |
| SC12 | Pyrite | +2.9 |
| SC25 | Pyrite | -0.3 |
| SC26 | Pyrite | +5.2 |
| SW07 | Pyrite | +1.9 |
| Sample | δ56Fe/54Fe | 2SD | δ57Fe/54Fe | 2SD |
| SC-03 | 0.37 | 0.07 | 0.54 | 0.20 |
| SC-04 | 0.30 | 0.03 | 0.46 | 0.07 |
| SC-07 | 0.38 | 0.07 | 0.42 | 0.16 |
| SC-09 | 0.22 | 0.11 | 0.35 | 0.12 |
| SC-11 | 0.39 | 0.03 | 0.55 | 0.06 |
| SC-12 | 0.42 | 0.09 | 0.65 | 0.12 |
| SC-06 | 0.58 | 0.05 | 0.60 | 0.06 |
| SC-25 | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.26 | 0.08 |
| SY-01 | 0.30 | 0.06 | 0.41 | 0.02 |
| SY-04 | 0.42 | 0.09 | 0.63 | 0.09 |
| SW-07 | 0.27 | 0.13 | 0.38 | 0.06 |
| Locality | Rock type | Age (Ma) | Method | Reference |
| Yandangshan | Felsic volcanic rock | 97±2, 99±4, 106±4 | SHRIMP U-Pb | Yu et al. (2006) |
| Quanzhou | Gabbro and adamellite | 111±1, 109±1, 108±1 | SHRIMP U-Pb | Li Z et al. (2012) |
| Eastern Guangdong and Fujian | Felsic volcanic rocks | 104–95 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Guo et al. (2012) |
| Northern Guangdong | Mafic dykes | 91–88 | Li et al. (1997) | |
| Dachang | Porphyritic granite, Q-diorite porphyrite | 91±1 | SHRIMP U-Pb | Cai et al. (2006) |
| Longtoushan | Rhyolite | 103±2 | SHRIMP U-Pb | Chen et al. (2008) |
| Pingtan | Biotite granite | 125±1 | TIMS U-Pb | Dong et al. (1997) |
| Damingshan tungsten deposit | Molybdenite | 95.4±1.0 | Re-Os | Li et al. (2008) |
| Maling tungsten deposit | Molybdenite | 95.0 to 95.8 | Re-Os | Li et al. (2008) |
| Longtoushan gold deposits | White mica | 97.1±0.8, 98.0±1.0 | 39Ar/40Ar | Chen et al. (2008) |
| Longtoushan gold deposits | Ore-bearing granitic porphyry | 96.1±3, 100.3±1.4 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Duan et al. (2011) |
| Baoshan porphyry copper deposit | Ore-bearing granitic porphyry | 91.1±0.6 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Bi et al. (2015) |
| Dachang tin-polymetallic deposit | Fluid inclusions | 91.4±2.9, 94.5±0.3, 94.6±0.5 | 39Ar/40Ar | Wang D H et al. (2010) |
| Dachang tin-polymetallic deposit | Sericite and phlogopite | 77.4±0.6, 95.3±0.7 | 39Ar/40Ar | Cheng et al. (2013) |
| Chenzhou-Ningwu fault zone | Basalts and the mafic dykes | 93–90 | Wang and Shen (2003) | |
| Northwest Jiangxi | Mafic dykes | 110–100 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Xie et al. (2002) |
| Northern Tailuko belt | Meta-granite | 87±1, 88±2 | SHRIMP U-Pb | Yui et al. (2009) |
| Kafang deposit | Molybdenite | 83.4±2.1 | Re-Os | Mao et al. (2008) |
| Putuoshan | Alklaine granite | 94±1 | TIMS U-Pb | Qiu et al. (1999) |
| Taohuadao | Alklaine granite | 93±1 | TIMS U-Pb | Qiu et al. (1999) |
| Eastern Zhejiang | Confucianism diabase | 109±3 | Whole rock Ar-Ar | Dong et al. (2007) |
| Eastern Zhejiang | Granite | 116±3 | SHRIMP U-Pb | Dong et al. (2007) |
| Shipingchuan | K-feldspar granite | 103±1 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Li Y J et al. (2009) |
| Qingtian | Alkaline granite | 101±2 | TIMS U-Pb | Qiu et al. (1999) |
| Daheshan | Quartz syenite | 86±3 | SHRIMP U-Pb | Wang et al. (2005) |
| Yaokeng | K-feldspar granite | 91±3 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Xiao et al. (2007) |
| Diaocun | Granodiorite | 104±3 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Geng et al. (2006) |
| Kuiqi | Alkaline granite | 96–92 | Rb-Sr | Martin et al. (1994) |
| Dacengshan | Granite | 93±2 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Qiu et al. (2008) |
| Dajing | K-feldspar granite | 94±2 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Qiu et al. (2008) |
| Nanzhen | K-feldspar granite | 96±3 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Qiu et al. (2008) |
| Sansha | Granite | 92±2 | LA-ICPMS U-Pb | Qiu et al. (2008) |
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