Potential Effect of Black Carbon on Glacier Mass Balance during the Past 55 Years of Laohugou Glacier No. 12, Western Qilian Mountains

Jizu Chen; Xiang Qin; Shichang Kang; Wentao Du; Weijun Sun; Yushuo Liu

doi:10.1007/s12583-019-1238-5

Volume 31 Issue 2

Apr 2020

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Journal of Earth Science > 2020 > 31(2): 410-418.

Jizu Chen, Xiang Qin, Shichang Kang, Wentao Du, Weijun Sun, Yushuo Liu. Potential Effect of Black Carbon on Glacier Mass Balance during the Past 55 Years of Laohugou Glacier No. 12, Western Qilian Mountains. Journal of Earth Science, 2020, 31(2): 410-418. doi: 10.1007/s12583-019-1238-5

Citation:

Jizu Chen, Xiang Qin, Shichang Kang, Wentao Du, Weijun Sun, Yushuo Liu. Potential Effect of Black Carbon on Glacier Mass Balance during the Past 55 Years of Laohugou Glacier No. 12, Western Qilian Mountains. Journal of Earth Science, 2020, 31(2): 410-418. doi: 10.1007/s12583-019-1238-5

Citation:

Jizu Chen, Xiang Qin, Shichang Kang, Wentao Du, Weijun Sun, Yushuo Liu. Potential Effect of Black Carbon on Glacier Mass Balance during the Past 55 Years of Laohugou Glacier No. 12, Western Qilian Mountains. Journal of Earth Science, 2020, 31(2): 410-418. doi: 10.1007/s12583-019-1238-5

PDF( 2170 KB)

Potential Effect of Black Carbon on Glacier Mass Balance during the Past 55 Years of Laohugou Glacier No. 12, Western Qilian Mountains

doi: 10.1007/s12583-019-1238-5

1.
Qilian Shan Station of Glaciology and Ecological Environment, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
2.
CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
3.
College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China

Funds:

the Science and Technology planning Project of Gansu Province 18JR4RA002

the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering 2017490711

the Chinese Academy of Sciences QYZDJ-SSW-DQC039

the Project of the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences SKLCS-OP-2019-01

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 41630754

the Project of the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences SKLCS-OP-2018-06

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 41721091

More Information

Corresponding author: Wentao Du
Received Date: 01 Mar 2019
Accepted Date: 05 Sep 2019
Publish Date: 01 Feb 2020

Abstract

Abstract

This study reconstructed the annual mass balance (MB) of Laohugou Glacier No. 12 in the western Qilian Mountains during 1961-2015. The annual MB was calculated based on a temperature-index and an accumulation model with inputs of daily air temperature and precipitation recorded by surrounding meteorological stations. The model was calibrated by in-situ MB measurements conducted on the glacier during 2010-2015. Change in constructed annual MB had three phases. During Phase Ⅰ (1961-1984),glacier-wide MB values were slightly positive with an average MB of 24±276 mm w.e. (water equivalent). During Phase Ⅱ (1984-1995),the MB values became slightly negative with an average MB of -50±276 mm w.e.. The most negative MB values were found during Phase Ⅲ (1996-2015),with an average MB of -377±276 mm w.e. Climatic analysis showed that the warming led to accelerated glacier mass loss despite a persistent increase of precipitation during the analysis period. However,an increase of black carbon deposited on the glacier surface since the 1980s could have contributed to intensified glacier melt. From simulations and measurements of MB on the Urumqi Glacier No. 1,26% of glacier melt caused by black carbon could be identified.
- Laohugou Glacier No. 12,
- climate change,
- temperature-index model,
- mass balance,
- black carbon

FullText(HTML)

References(58)

References

Azam, M. F., Wagnon, P., Vincent, C., et al., 2014. Reconstruction of the Annual Mass Balance of Chhota Shigri Glacier, Western Himalaya, India, since 1969. Annals of Glaciology, 55(66):69-80. https://doi.org/10.3189/2014aog66a104

Bond, T. C., Streets, D. G., Yarber, K. F., et al., 2004. A Technology-Based Global Inventory of Black and Organic Carbon Emissions from Combustion. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109:D14203. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd003697

Che, Y. J., Zhang, M. J., Li, Z. Q., et al., 2017. Glacier Mass-Balance and Length Variation Observed in China during the Periods 1959-2015 and 1930-2014. Quaternary International, 454:68-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.07.003

Chen, J., Kang, S., Qin, X., et al., 2017. The Mass-Balance Characteristics and Sensitivities to Climate Variables of Laohugou Glacier No. 12, Western Qilian Mountains, China. Science in Cold and Arid Regions, 9(6):543-553. https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1226.2017.00543

Chen, J. Z., Qin, X., Kang, S. C., et al., 2018. Effects of Clouds on Surface Melting of Laohugou Glacier No. 12, Western Qilian Mountains, China. Journal of Glaciology, 64(243):89-99. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.82

Cui, Y. H., Ye, B. S., Wang, J., et al., 2010. Analysis of the Spatial-Temporal Variations of the Positive Degree-Day Factors on the Glaicer No. 1 at the Headwaters of the Urumqi River. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 32(2):265-274 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Cui, Y. H., Ye, B. S., Wang, J., et al., 2013. Influence of Degree-Day Factor Variation on the Mass Balance of Glacier No. 1 at the Headwaters of Urumqi River, China. Journal of Earth Science, 24(6):1008-1022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-013-0394-2

Dong, Z. W., Qin, D. H., Ren, J. W., et al., 2013. The Response of Equilibrium Line Altitude to Climate Change in the Past 50 Years on the Urumqi Glacier No. 1. Chinese Science Bulletin, 58(9):825-832 (in Chinese with English Abstract) doi: 10.1360/csb2013-58-9-825

Dong, Z. W., Qin, D. H., Kang, S. C., et al., 2016. Individual Particles of Cryoconite Deposited on the Mountain Glaciers of the Tibetan Plateau:Insights into Chemical Composition and Sources. Atmospheric Environment, 138:114-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.05.020.

Dong, Z. W., Shao, Y. P., Qin, D. H., et al., 2018a. Insight into Radio-Isotope 129I Deposition in Fresh Snow at a Remote Glacier Basin of Northeast Tibetan Plateau, China. Geophysical Research Letters, 45(13):6726-6733. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gl078480

Dong, Z. W., Kang, S. C., Qin, D. H., et al., 2018b. Variability in Individual Particle Structure and Mixing States between the Glacier-Snowpack and Atmosphere in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The Cryosphere, 12(12):3877-3890. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3877-2018

Dong, Z. W., Qin, D. H., Li, K. M., et al., 2019. Spatial Variability, Mixing States and Composition of Various Haze Particles in Atmosphere during Winter and Summertime in Northwest China. Environmental Pollution, 246:79-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.101

Du, W. T., Qin, X., Sun W. J., et al., 2011. Reconstruction of Air Temperature at Glacier Area in Mountain——A Case of Laohugou Glacier Area. Journal of Arid Land Resources Environment, 25:149-154 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Flanner, M. G., Zender, C. S., Randerson, J. T., et al., 2007. Present-Day Climate Forcing and Response from Black Carbon in Snow. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112:D11202. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jd008003

Fujita, K., Ageta, Y., 2000. Effect of Summer Accumulation on Glacier Mass Balance on the Tibetan Plateau Revealed by Mass-Balance Model. Journal of Glaciology, 46(153):244-252. https://doi.org/10.3189/172756500781832945

Gardelle, J., Berthier, E., Arnaud, Y., 2012. Slight Mass Gain of Karakoram Glaciers in the Early Twenty-First Century. Nature Geoscience, 5(5):322-325. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1450

Gardelle, J., Berthier, E., Arnaud, Y., et al., 2013. Region-Wide Glacier Mass Balances over the Pamir-Karakoram-Himalaya during 1999-2011. The Cryosphere, 7(4):1263-1286. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1263-2013

Guo, W. Q., Liu, S. Y., Xu, J. L., et al., 2015. The Second Chinese Glacier Inventory:Data, Methods and Results. Journal of Glaciology, 61(226):357-372. https://doi.org/10.3189/2015jog14j209

Han, Y. M., Wei, C., Bandowe, B., et al., 2015. Elemental Carbon and Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in a 150-Year Sediment Core from Lake Qinghai, Tibetan Plateau, China:Influence of Regional and Local Sources and Transport Pathways. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(7):4176-4183. https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001711

Hock, R., 2003. Temperature Index Melt Modelling in Mountain Areas. Journal of Hydrology, 282(1-4):104-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(03)00257-9

Hock, R., Holmgren, B., 2005. A Distributed Surface Energy-Balance Model for Complex Topography and Its Application to Storglaciären, Sweden. Journal of Glaciology, 51(172):25-36. https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829566

Huss, M., Farinotti, D., Bauder, A., et al., 2008. Modelling Runoff from Highly Glacierized Alpine Drainage Basins in a Changing Climate. Hydrological Processes, 22(19):3888-3902. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7055

Immerzeel, W. W., van Beek, L. P. H., Bierkens, M. F. P., 2010. Climate Change will Affect the Asian Water Towers. Science, 328(5984):1382-1385. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1183188

IPCC. 2013. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group Ⅰ to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridg

Kang, S. C., Xu, Y. W., You, Q. L., et al., 2010. Review of Climate and Cryospheric Change in the Tibetan Plateau. Environmental Research Letters, 5(1):015101. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/015101

Kayastha, R. B., Ageta, Y., Nakawo, M., et al., 2003. Positive Degree-Day Factors for Ice Ablation on Four Glaciers in the Nepalese Himalayas and Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Bulletin of Glaciological Research, 20:7-14

Kopacz, M., Mauzerall, D. L., Wang, J., et al., 2011. Origin and Radiative Forcing of Black Carbon Transported to the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11(6):2837-2852. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2837-2011

Kraaijenbrink, P. D. A., Bierkens, M. F. P., Lutz, A. F., et al., 2017. Impact of a Global Temperature Rise of 1.5 Degrees Celsius on Asia's Glaciers. Nature, 549(7671):257-260. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature23878

Li, Y., Chen, J. Z., Kang, S. C., et al., 2016. Impacts of Black Carbon and Mineral Dust on Radiative Forcing and Glacier Melting during Summer in the Qilian Mountains, Northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The Cryosphere Discussions, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2016-32

Li, Z. Q., Li, H. L., Chen, Y. N., 2011. Mechanisms and Simulation of Accelerated Shrinkage of Continental Glaciers:A Case Study of Urumqi Glacier No. 1 in Eastern Tianshan, Central Asia. Journal of Earth Science, 22(4):423-430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-011-0194-5

Liu, Q., Liu, S. Y., 2015. Response of Glacier Mass Balance to Climate Change in the Tianshan Mountains during the Second Half of the Twentieth Century. Climate Dynamics, 46(1/2):303-316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2585-2

Liu, S. Y., Sun, W. X., Shen, Y. P., et al., 2003. Glacier Changes since the Little Ice Age Maximum in the Western Qilian Shan, Northwest China, and Consequences of Glacier Runoff for Water Supply. Journal of Glaciology, 49(164):117-124. https://doi.org/10.3189/172756503781830926

Liu, Y. S., Qin, X., Chen, J. Z., et al., 2018. Variations of Laohugou Glacier No. 12 in the Western Qilian Mountains, China, from 1957 to 2015. Journal of Mountain Science, 15(1):25-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-017-4492-y

Lutz, A. F., Immerzeel, W. W., Shrestha, A. B., et al., 2014. Consistent Increase in High Asia's Runoff Due to Increasing Glacier Melt and Precipitation. Nature Climate Change, 4(7):587-592. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2237

Mölg, T., Cullen, N. J., Hardy, D. R., et al., 2009. Quantifying Climate Change in the Tropical Midtroposphere over East Africa from Glacier Shrinkage on Kilimanjaro. Journal of Climate, 22(15):4162-4181. https://doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2954.1

Marzeion, B., Cogley, J. G., Richter, K., et al., 2014. Attribution of Global Glacier Mass Loss to Anthropogenic and Natural Causes. Science, 345(6199):919-921. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1254702

Maussion, F., Scherer, D., Mölg, T., et al., 2014. Precipitation Seasonality and Variability over the Tibetan Plateau as Resolved by the High Asia Reanalysis. Journal of Climate, 27(5):1910-1927. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00282.1

Ming, J., Du, Z. C., Xiao, C. D., et al., 2012. Darkening of the Mid-Himalaya Glaciers since 2000 and the Potential Causes. Environmental Research Letters, 7(1):014021. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/1/014021

Morrill, C., Overpeck, J. T., Cole, J. E., 2003. A Synthesis of Abrupt Changes in the Asian Summer Monsoon since the Last Deglaciation. The Holocene, 13(4):465-476. https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683603hl639ft

Qian, Y., Flanner, M. G., Leung, L. R., et al., 2011. Sensitivity Studies on the Impacts of Tibetan Plateau Snowpack Pollution on the Asian Hydrological Cycle and Monsoon Climate. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11(5):1929-1948. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-1929-2011

Qu, B., Ming, J., Kang, S. C., et al., 2014. The Decreasing Albedo of the Zhadang Glacier on Western Nyainqentanglha and the Role of Light-Absorbing Impurities. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 14(20):11117-11128. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11117-2014.

Scherler, D., Bookhagen, B., Strecker, M. R., 2011. Spatially Variable Response of Himalayan Glaciers to Climate Change Affected by Debris Cover. Nature Geoscience, 4(3):156-159. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1068

Sun, W. J., Qin, X., Du, W. T., et al., 2014. Ablation Modeling and Surface Energy Budget in the Ablation Zone of Laohugou Glacier No. 12, Western Qilian Mountains, China. Annals of Glaciology, 55(66):111-120. https://doi.org/10.3189/2014aog66a902

Sun, W. J., Qin, X., Ren, J. W., et al., 2012. The Surface Energy Budget in the Accumulation Zone of the Laohugou Glacier No. 12 in the Western Qilian Mountains, China, in Summer 2009. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 44(3):296-305. https://doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-44.3.296

Sun, W. J., Qin, X., Wang, Y. T., et al., 2017. The Response of Surface Mass and Energy Balance of a Continental Glacier to Climate Variability, Western Qilian Mountains, China. Climate Dynamics, 50(9/10):3557-3570. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3823-6.

Sun, Z., Xie, Z., 1981. Recent Variation and Trend of the Laohugou Glacier No. 12, Qilian Mountains. Chinese Science Bulletin, 26(6):366-369 (in Chinese with English Abstract) doi: 10.1360/csb1981-26-6-366

Tian, H. Z., Yang, T. B., Liu, Q. P., 2014. Climate Change and Glacier Area Shrinkage in the Qilian Mountains, China, from 1956 to 2010. Annals of Glaciology, 55(66):187-197. https://doi.org/10.3189/2014aog66a045

Wang, M., Xu, B. Q., Kaspari, S. D., et al., 2015. Century-Long Record of Black Carbon in an Ice Core from the Eastern Pamirs:Estimated Contributions from Biomass Burning. Atmospheric Environment, 115:79-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.034.

Wang, B., 2004. A Study on Synthetic Differentiation Method for Basic Meteoro-Logical Data Quality Control. Journal of Applied Meteorology Science, 15:51-59

Wang, N. L., He, J. Q., Pu, J. C., et al., 2010. Variations in Equilibrium Line Altitude of the Qiyi Glacier, Qilian Mountains, over the Past 50 Years. Chinese Science Bulletin, 55(33):3810-3817. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-010-4167-3

Wang, S., Yao, T. D., Tian, L. D., et al., 2017. Glacier Mass Variation and Its Effect on Surface Runoff in the Beida River Catchment during 1957-2013. Journal of Glaciology, 63(239):523-534. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.13

Xu, B. Q., Cao, J. J., Hansen, J., et al., 2009. Black Soot and the Survival of Tibetan Glaciers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(52):22114-22118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0910444106

Xu, M., Han, H., Kang, S., 2017. The Temporal and Spatial Variation of Positive Degree-Day Factors on the Koxkar Glacier over the South Slope of the Tianshan Mountains, China, from 2005 to 2010. Science in Cold and Arid Regions, 9(5):425-431 https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1226.2017.00425

Yang, K., Wu, H., Qin, J., et al., 2014. Recent Climate Changes over the Tibetan Plateau and Their Impacts on Energy and Water Cycle:A Review. Global and Planetary Change, 112:79-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2013.12.001

Yang, W., Yao, T. D., Guo, X. F., et al., 2013. Mass Balance of a Maritime Glacier on the Southeast Tibetan Plateau and Its Climatic Sensitivity. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres, 118(17):9579-9594. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50760

Yao, T. D., Thompson, L., Yang, W., et al., 2012. Different Glacier Status with Atmospheric Circulations in Tibetan Plateau and Surroundings. Nature Climate Change, 2(9):663-667. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1580

Zhang, Y., Liu, S. Y., Ding, Y. J., 2006. Observed Degree-Day Factors and Their Spatial Variation on Glaciers in Western China. Annals of Glaciology, 43:301-306. https://doi.org/10.3189/172756406781811952

Zhu, M. L., Yao, T. D., Yang, W., et al., 2017. Differences in Mass Balance Behavior for Three Glaciers from Different Climatic Regions on the Tibetan Plateau. Climate Dynamics, 50(9/10):3457-3484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3817-4

Relative Articles

Supplements(0)

Cited By

Proportional views

Proportional views

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Figures(10) / Tables(3)

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Article Metrics

Article views(324) PDF downloads(18)

Potential Effect of Black Carbon on Glacier Mass Balance during the Past 55 Years of Laohugou Glacier No. 12, Western Qilian Mountains

doi: 10.1007/s12583-019-1238-5

Abstract

References

Proportional views

Catalog

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Article Metrics

Proportional views

Related

Potential Effect of Black Carbon on Glacier Mass Balance during the Past 55 Years of Laohugou Glacier No. 12, Western Qilian Mountains

doi: 10.1007/s12583-019-1238-5

Abstract

References

Proportional views

Catalog

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Article Metrics

Proportional views

Related

Export File

Citation

Format

Content