A New Discovery of Ag-Pb-Zn Mineralization via Modern Portable Analytical Technology and Stream Sediment Data Processing Methods in Dajiacuo Area, Western Tibet (China)

Xiaojia Jiang; Xin Chen; Shunbao Gao; Youye Zheng; Huan Ren; Denghui Han; Chenchen Yan; Junsheng Jiang

doi:10.1007/s12583-020-1323-9

Volume 31 Issue 4

Aug 2020

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Journal of Earth Science > 2020 > 31(4): 668-682.

Xiaojia Jiang, Xin Chen, Shunbao Gao, Youye Zheng, Huan Ren, Denghui Han, Chenchen Yan, Junsheng Jiang. A New Discovery of Ag-Pb-Zn Mineralization via Modern Portable Analytical Technology and Stream Sediment Data Processing Methods in Dajiacuo Area, Western Tibet (China). Journal of Earth Science, 2020, 31(4): 668-682. doi: 10.1007/s12583-020-1323-9

Citation:

Xiaojia Jiang, Xin Chen, Shunbao Gao, Youye Zheng, Huan Ren, Denghui Han, Chenchen Yan, Junsheng Jiang. A New Discovery of Ag-Pb-Zn Mineralization via Modern Portable Analytical Technology and Stream Sediment Data Processing Methods in Dajiacuo Area, Western Tibet (China). Journal of Earth Science, 2020, 31(4): 668-682. doi: 10.1007/s12583-020-1323-9

Citation:

Xiaojia Jiang, Xin Chen, Shunbao Gao, Youye Zheng, Huan Ren, Denghui Han, Chenchen Yan, Junsheng Jiang. A New Discovery of Ag-Pb-Zn Mineralization via Modern Portable Analytical Technology and Stream Sediment Data Processing Methods in Dajiacuo Area, Western Tibet (China). Journal of Earth Science, 2020, 31(4): 668-682. doi: 10.1007/s12583-020-1323-9

PDF( 6453 KB)

A New Discovery of Ag-Pb-Zn Mineralization via Modern Portable Analytical Technology and Stream Sediment Data Processing Methods in Dajiacuo Area, Western Tibet (China)

doi: 10.1007/s12583-020-1323-9

1.
Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Institute of Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
4.
Wuhan Center, China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, China

More Information

Corresponding author: Shunbao Gao, ORCID:0000-0001-5853-3692, gaoshunbao2002@163.com
Received Date: 08 Feb 2020
Accepted Date: 06 Apr 2020
Publish Date: 24 Aug 2020

Abstract

Abstract

Tibet, which is rich in mineral resources, is a treasure trove for geological explorers. However, prospecting work has been slow, especially in the western part, due to the precipitous terrain, changeable climate and low access. Hence, modern advanced field analytical technology and effective data processing methods play significant roles in rapid and efficient exploration in Tibet. In this paper, spectrum-area fractal modeling and portable X-ray fluorescence analysis (pXRFA) were used to identify and verify geochemical anomalies associated with Ag-Pb-Zn mineralization based on a stream-sediment dataset of 39 elements in the Dajiacuo-Xurucuo region of western Tibet. First, staged factor analysis (SFA) was used to obtain the Ag-Pb-Zn-Cd geochemical assemblage. Second, the first-factor pattern obtained using SFA was dissociated by a spectrum-area (S-A) fractal model and a digital elevation model (DEM)-based geochemical model (DGM) was constructed. Finally, the sections of Ag, Cd, Pb, and Zn were obtained using pXRFA. The results show that Ag-Pb-Zn-Cd enrichment zones were mostly located around the contact belt of volcanic rocks and intrusions, or along SE-NW trending faults. Considering the variable terrain and catchment basin, the extension of long axes of Ag-Pb-Zn-Cd anomalies into higher elevation areas that are favorable for Ag-Pb-Zn mineralization should be investigated. Anomaly maps created with the aid of a DGM show promising potential for mineralization in the Dajiacuo-Xurucuo region, and abundant Ag-Pb-Zn mineralization was identified with the assistance of pXRFA in the source areas for the geochemical anomalies in the Dajiacuo. We conclude that SFA and the S-A fractal model constitute a valid tool to identify or verify geochemical anomalies in areas of low-density stream-sediment sampling. The pXRFA can accurately determine the source of geochemical anomalies and improve anomaly verification efficiency.
- digital elevation model,
- portable X-ray fluorescence analysis,
- spectrum-area fractal model,
- staged factor analysis,
- Tibet

FullText(HTML)

References(64)

References

Allégre, C. J., Courtillot, V., Tapponnier, P., et al., 1984. Structure and Evolution of the Himalaya-Tibet Orogenic Belt. Nature, 307(5946):17-22. https://doi.org/10.1038/307017a0

Bosco, G. L., 2013. Development and Application of Portable, Hand-Held X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometers. Trac Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 45:121-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2013.01.006

Burley, L. L., Barnes, S. J., Laukamp, C., et al., 2019. Corrigendum to "Rapid Mineralogical and Geochemical Characterization of the Fisher East Nickel Sulphide Prospects, Western Australia, Using Hyperspectral and _PXRF Data". Ore Geology Reviews, 109:645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.04.032

Chen, X., Xu, R. K., Zheng, Y. Y., et al., 2018. Identifying Potential Au-Pb-Ag Mineralization in SE Shuangkoushan, North Qaidam, Western China:Combined Log-Ratio Approach and Singularity Mapping. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 189:109-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.04.001

Chen, X., Zheng, Y. Y., Xu, R. K., et al., 2016. Application of Classical Statistics and Multifractals to Delineate Au Mineralization-Related Geochemical Anomalies from Stream Sediment Data:A Case Study in Xinghai-Zeku, Qinghai, China. Geochemistry:Exploration, Environment, Analysis, 16(3/4):253-264. https://doi.org/10.1144/geochem2016-424

Cheng, Q. M., 1999. Spatial and Scaling Modelling for Geochemical Anomaly Separation. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 65(3):175-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0375-6742(99)00028-x

Cheng, Q. M., 2000. GeoData Analysis System (GeoDAS) for Mineral Exploration: Unpublished User's Guide and Exercise Manual. Material for the Training Workshop on GeoDAS, York University

Cheng, Q. M., 2004. A New Model for Quantifying Anisotropic Scale Invariance and for Decomposition of Mixing Patterns. Mathematical Geology, 36(3):345-360. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:matg.0000028441.62108.8a

Cheng, Q. M., 2012. Singularity Theory and Methods for Mapping Geochemical Anomalies Caused by Buried Sources and for Predicting Undiscovered Mineral Deposits in Covered Areas. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 122:55-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.07.007

Cheng, Q. M., Zhang, S. Y., Zuo, R. G., et al., 2009. Progress of Multifractal Filtering Techniques and Their Applications in Geochemical Information Extraction. Earth Science Frontiers, 16(2):185-198 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-DXQY200902018.htm

Cheng, Q., Xia, Q., Li, W., et al., 2010. Density/Area Power-Law Models for Separating Multi-Scale Anomalies of Ore and Toxic Elements in Stream Sediments in Gejiu Mineral District, Yunnan Province, China. Biogeosciences, 7(10):3019-3025. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3019-2010

Dewey, J. F., Burke, K. C. A., 1973. Tibetan, Variscan, and Precambrian Basement Reactivation:Products of Continental Collision. The Journal of Geology, 81(6):683-692. https://doi.org/10.1086/627920

Druzbicka, J., Craw, D., 2013. Evolving Metalloid Signatures in Waters Draining from a Mined Orogenic Gold Deposit, New Zealand. Applied Geochemistry, 31:251-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.01.011

Duan, Z. M., Li, G. M., Li, Y. X., et al., 2014. Geochronology and Geochemical Characteristics of Ore-Bearing Porphyry in Longgen Lead-Zinc Deposit of Middle-Gangdese Metallogenic Belt, Tibet. Mineral Deposits, 33(3):625-638. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0258-7106.2014.03.012 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Gao, S. B., 2015. Copper-Iron Polymetal Metallogenesis and Exploration Direction in the Western of Gangdese Metallogenic Belt, Tibet: [Dissertation]. China University of Geosciences, Wuhan. 1-212 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Gao, S. B., Zheng, Y. Y., Jiang, J. S., et al., 2019. Geochemistry and Geochronology of the Gebunongba Iron Polymetallic Deposit in the Gangdese Belt, Tibet. Journal of Earth Science, 30(2):296-308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-018-0984-0

Gao, S. B., Zheng, Y. Y., Tian, L. M., et al., 2012. Geochronology of Magmatic Intrusions and Mineralization of Chagele Copper-Lead-Zinc Deposit in Tibet and Its Implications. Earth Science, 37(3):507-514. https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2012.057 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Gao, Y., Wang, L., Liu, Q., 2016. Geochem Studio Boosts Geochemical Informatization. China Mining News, 10:1 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Goldschmidt, V. M., 1937. The Principles of Distribution of Chemical Elements in Minerals and Rocks. The Seventh Hugo Müller Lecture, Delivered before the Chemical Society on March 17th, 1937. Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed), 1:655-673. https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9370000655

Hawkes, H. E., 1976. The Downstream Dilution of Stream Sediment Anomalies. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 6(1/2):345-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(76)90023-6

He, J. Z., Yao, S. Z., Zhang, Z. P., et al., 2013. Complexity and Productivity Differentiation Models of Metallogenic Indicator Elements in Rocks and Supergene Media around Daijiazhuang Pb-Zn Deposit in Dangchang County, Gansu Province. Natural Resources Research, 22(1):19-36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-012-9193-1

Hou, Z. Q., Duan, L. F., Lu, Y. J., et al., 2015. Lithospheric Architecture of the Lhasa Terrane and Its Control on Ore Deposits in the Himalayan-Tibetan Orogen. Economic Geology, 110(6):1541-1575. https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.110.6.1541

Jiang, J. S., Gao, S. B., Zheng, Y. Y., et al., 2019. Sulphur and Lead Isotopic Compositions of the Pb-Zn Polymetallic Deposits in the Linzizong Volcanic Area, Gangdese Belt, Tibet:Implications for Variation Characteristics of Ore-Forming Material Sources and Exploration Targeting. Geological Journal, 55(1):650-670. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3424

Jiang, J. Y., Cheng, J. J., Qi, S. H., et al., 2006. Applied Geochemistry. China University of Geosciences Press CO., LTD, Wuhan. 340 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Kaiser, H. F., Rice, J., 1974. Little Jiffy, Mark Ⅳ. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 34(1):111-117. https://doi.org/10.1177/00 131644 7403 400115 doi: 10.1177/001316447403400115

Kang, S. C., Xu, Y. W., You, Q. L., et al., 2010. Review of Climate and Cryospheric Change in the Tibetan Plateau. Environmental Research Letters, 5(1):015101. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/015101

Ke, X. Z., Xie, S. Y., Zheng, Y. Y., et al., 2015. Multifractal Analysis of Geochemical Stream Sediment Data in Bange Region, Northern Tibet. Journal of Earth Science, 26(3):317-327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-015-0538-7

Kovács, E., Dubbin, W. E., Tamás, J., 2006. Influence of Hydrology on Heavy Metal Speciation and Mobility in a Pb-Zn Mine Tailing. Environmental Pollution, 141(2):310-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.08.043

Lemière, B., 2018. A Review of pXRF (Field Portable X-Ray Fluorescence) Applications for Applied Geochemistry. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 188:350-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2018.02.006

Levinson, A. A., 1980. Introduction to Exploration Geochemistry. Applied Publishing, Alberta. 326

Li, W., Wu, Y. C., 2018. Analysis and Discussion on the Current Situation of Geological Exploration and Prospecting Process in Tibet. Western Exploration Project, 269(9):168-169, 173 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Li, Y., Zhang, C., Liu, X. Y., et al., 2019. Metamorphism and Oceanic Crust Exhumation-Constrained by the Jilang Eclogite and Meta-Quartzite from the Sumdo (U)HP Metamorphic Belt. Journal of Earth Science, 30(3):510-524. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-019-0894-9

Liu, B. L., Guo, K., Li, C., et al., 2020. Copper Prospectivity in Tibet, China:Based on the Identification of Geochemical Anomalies. Ore Geology Reviews, 120(5):102632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.07.015

Liu, J., Zheng, Y. Y., Gao, S. B., et al., 2019. Zircon U-Pb Dating, Geochemistry, and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf Isotopes of the Subvolcanic Intrusion from Beina Pb-Zn-(Ag) Deposit in the Southern Lhasa Terrane, Tibet:Implications for Petrogenesis and Mineralization. Geological Journal, 54(4):2064-2083. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3284

Long, Y. Z., Yang, X. Y., Yang, M., et al., 2019. Exploration and Sources of Bauxite Deposit in the Boloven Plateau, Southern Laos. Journal of Earth Science, 30(1):121-130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-019-0857-1

Newlander, K., Goodale, N., Jones, G. T., et al., 2015. Empirical Study of the Effect of Count Time on the Precision and Accuracy of pXRF Data. Journal of Archaeological Science:Reports, 3:534-548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.07.007

Pan, G. T., Mo, X. X., Hou, Z. Q., et al., 2006. The Spatial-Temporal Framework of the Gangdese Orogenic Belt and Its Evolution. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 22(3):521-533 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=ysxb98200603001

Reimann, C., Filzmoser, P., Garrett, R. G., 2002. Factor Analysis Applied to Regional Geochemical Data:Problems and Possibilities. Applied Geochemistry, 17(3):185-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0883-2927(01)00066-x

Treiblmaier, H., Filzmoser, P., 2010. Exploratory Factor Analysis Revisited:How Robust Methods Support the Detection of Hidden Multivariate Data Structures in IS Research. Information & Management, 47(4):197-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2010.02.002

van Helvoort, P. J., Filzmoser, P., van Gaans, P. F. M., 2005. Sequential Factor Analysis as a New Approach to Multivariate Analysis of Heterogeneous Geochemical Datasets:An Application to a Bulk Chemical Characterization of Fluvial Deposits (Rhine-Meuse Delta, the Netherlands). Applied Geochemistry, 20(12):2233-2251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.08.009

Wang, B. D., Guo, L., Wang, L. Q., et al., 2012. Geochronology and Petrogenesis of the Ore-Bearing Pluton in Chagele Deposit in the Middle of the Gangdese Metallogenic Belt. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 28(5):1647-1662 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=ysxb98201205025

Wang, H. M., Chen, S. Y., 2015. Extraction and Evaluation of Au, Pb, Zn Mineralization Information in the Dulan Area, Northern Margin of Qaidam. Acta mineralogica Sinica, 35 (S1):934 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Wang, X., Xie, X., Zhang, B., et al., 2011. Geochemical Probe into China's Continental Crust. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 32(S1):65-83 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=dqxb2011z1005

Xi, X., Li, M., 2012. Regional Geochemical Exploration in China:From 1999 to 2009. Geology in China, 39(2):267-282 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-DIZI201202000.htm

Xie, X. J., Wang, X. Q., Zhang, Q., et al., 2008. Multi-Scale Geochemical Mapping in China. Geochemistry:Exploration, Environment, Analysis, 8(3/4):333-341. https://doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/08-184

Xu, J., Ciobanu, C. L., Cook, N. J., et al., 2016. Skarn Formation and Trace Elements in Garnet and Associated Minerals from Zhibula Copper Deposit, Gangdese Belt, Southern Tibet. Lithos, 262:213-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2016.07.010

Yin, A., Harrison, T. M., 2000. Geologic Evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan Orogen. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 28(1):211-280. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.28.1.211

Yousefi, M., 2017. Recognition of an Enhanced Multi-Element Geochemical Signature of Porphyry Copper Deposits for Vectoring into Mineralized Zones and Delimiting Exploration Targets in Jiroft Area, SE Iran. Ore Geology Reviews, 83:200-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.12.024

Yousefi, M., Carranza, E. J. M., 2015. Fuzzification of Continuous-Value Spatial Evidence for Mineral Prospectivity Mapping. Computers & Geosciences, 74:97-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2014.10.014

Yousefi, M., Carranza, E. J. M., Kamkar-Rouhani, A., 2014. Weighted Drainage Catchment Basin Mapping of Geochemical Anomalies Using Stream Sediment Data for Mineral Potential Modeling. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 128:88-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.01.013

Yousefi, M., Kamkar-Rouhani, A., Carranza, E. J. M., 2012. Geochemical Mineralization Probability Index (GMPI):A New Approach to Generate Enhanced Stream Sediment Geochemical Evidential Map for Increasing Probability of Success in Mineral Potential Mapping. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 115:24-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.02.002

Yousefi, M., Kamkar-Rouhani, A., Carranza, E. J. M., 2013. Application of Staged Factor Analysis and Logistic Function to Create a Fuzzy Stream Sediment Geochemical Evidence Layer for Mineral Prospectivity Mapping. Geochemistry:Exploration, Environment, Analysis, 14(1):45-58. https://doi.org/10.1144/geochem2012-144

Yousefi, M., Kreuzer, O. P., Nykänen, V., et al., 2019. Exploration Information Systems——A Proposal for the Future Use of GIS in Mineral Exploration Targeting. Ore Geology Reviews, 111:103005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103005

Zhang, S. R., 2007. The Research of Method of Geochemical Element Spatial Quantitative Association and Visualization: [Dissertation]. Jilin University, Changchun. 1-118 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Zhang, S. Z., Gao, S. B., Zhang, Y. C., et al., 2017. Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Ore-Bearing Intrusion in the Longgen Lead-Zinc Deposit in Tibet and Its Geological Significance. Acta Geologica Sinica:English Edition, 91(s1):105-106. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.13208

Zhang, Y. C., Gao, S. B., Zheng, Y. Y., et al., 2018. Mineralogy, Fluid Inclusions and C-H-O-S-Pb Isotopes of the Palaeocene Longgen Pb-Zn Deposit in the Western Nyainqentanglha Belt, Tibet. Ore Geology Reviews, 102:18-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.08.026

Zhao, H., Yang, J. S., Liu, F., et al., 2019. Post-Collisional, Potassic Volcanism in the Saga Area, Western Tibet:Implications for the Nature of the Mantle Source and Geodynamic Setting. Journal of Earth Science, 30(3):571-584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-019-1228-7

Zhao, J. N., Chen, S. Y., Zuo, R. G., 2016. Identifying Geochemical Anomalies Associated with Au-Cu Mineralization Using Multifractal and Artificial Neural Network Models in the Ningqiang District, Shaanxi, China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 164:54-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.06.018

Zhu, D. C., Zhao, Z. D., Niu, Y. L., et al., 2011. The Lhasa Terrane:Record of a Microcontinent and Its Histories of Drift and Growth. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 301(1/2):241-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.11.005

Zuo, R. G., 2011. Identifying Geochemical Anomalies Associated with Cu and Pb-Zn Skarn Mineralization Using Principal Component Analysis and Spectrum-Area Fractal Modeling in the Gangdese Belt, Tibet (China). Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 111(1/2):13-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2011.06.012

Zuo, R. G., 2014. Identification of Geochemical Anomalies Associated with Mineralization in the Fanshan District, Fujian, China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 139:170-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.08.013

Zuo, R. G., Carranza, E. J. M., Wang, J., 2016. Spatial Analysis and Visualization of Exploration Geochemical Data. Earth-Science Reviews, 158:9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.04.006

Zuo, R. G., Cheng, Q. M., Agterberg, F. P., et al., 2009. Application of Singularity Mapping Technique to Identify Local Anomalies Using Stream Sediment Geochemical Data, a Case Study from Gangdese, Tibet, Western China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 101(3):225-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2008.08.003

Zuo, R. G., Wang, J., 2016. Fractal/Multifractal Modeling of Geochemical Data:A Review. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 164:33-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.04.010

Relative Articles

Supplements(0)

Cited By

Proportional views