Citation: | Quanyun Miao, Changgui Xu, Fang Hao, Minjunshi Xie, Qi Wang, Jie Yin, Huayao Zou. Hydrocarbon Charging and Accumulation Process of the Large Bozhong19-6 Condensate Gas Reservoirs in the Southwestern Bozhong Sub-Basin, Bohai Bay Basin, China. Journal of Earth Science, 2024, 35(2): 613-630. doi: 10.1007/s12583-021-1457-4 |
The Bozhong19-6 (BZ19-6) condensate gas reservoirs, located in the southwestern Bozhong sub-basin, Bohai Bay Basin, China, were paleo-oil reservoirs in the geological past and have undergone at least three successive hydrocarbon charging events. The hydrocarbon migration and accumulation process of "early oil and late gas" has occurred in the current reservoirs. At the end of the sedimentation of the Guantao Formation (N1
Allen, M. B., MacDonald, D. I. M., Xun, Z., et al., 1997. Early Cenozoic Two-Phase Extension and Late Cenozoic Thermal Subsidence and Inversion of the Bohai Basin, Northern China. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 14(7/8): 951–972. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0264-8172(97)00027-5 |
Arouri, K. R., van Laer, P. J., Prudden, M. H., et al., 2010. Controls on Hydrocarbon Properties in a Paleozoic Petroleum System in Saudi Arabia: Exploration and Development Implications. AAPG Bulletin, 94(2): 163–188. https://doi.org/10.1306/07060908133 |
Brincat, M., Gartrell, A., Lisk, M., et al., 2006. An Integrated Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Charge and Retention at the Griffin, Chinook, and Scindian Oil and Gas Fields, Barrow Subbasin, North West Shelf, Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 90(9): 1359–1380. https://doi.org/10.1306/02210605103 |
Cai, C. F., Worden, R. H., Bottrell, S. H., et al., 2003. Thermochemical Sulphate Reduction and the Generation of Hydrogen Sulphide and Thiols (Mercaptans) in Triassic Carbonate Reservoirs from the Sichuan Basin, China. Chemical Geology, 202(1/2): 39–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2541(03)00209-2 |
Cai, C. F., Xie, Z. Y., Worden, R. H., et al., 2004. Methane-Dominated Thermochemical Sulphate Reduction in the Triassic Feixianguan Formation East Sichuan Basin, China: Towards Prediction of Fatal H2S Concentrations. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 21(10): 1265–1279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2004.09.003 |
Chang, C. Y., 1991. Geological Characteristics and Distribution Patterns of Hydrocarbon Deposits in the Bohai Bay Basin, East China. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 8(1): 98–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(91)90048-6 |
Chen, L., 2014. Stretching Factor Estimation for the Long-Duration and Multi-Stage Continental Extensional Tectonics: Application to the Baiyun Sag in the Northern Margin of the South China Sea. Tectonophysics, 611: 167–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2013.11.026 |
Curiale, J. A., 1986. Origin of Solid Bitumens, with Emphasis on Biological Marker Results. Organic Geochemistry, 10(1/2/3): 559–580. https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(86)90054-9 |
Dai, J. X., Song, Y., Dai, C. S., et al., 1996. Geochemistry and Accumulation of Carbon Dioxide Gases in China. AAPG Bulletin, 80: 1615–1626. https://doi.org/10.1306/64eda0d2-1724-11d7-8645000102c1865d |
Eadington, P. J., Lisk, M., Kerieger, F. W., 2000. Identifying Oil Columns. United States Patent No. 6097027 |
Eadington, P. J., Lisk, M., Krieger, F. W., 1996. Identifying Oil Well Sites: United States Patent No. 5543616 |
Evans, C. R., Rogers, M. A., Bailey, N. J. L., 1971. Evolution and Alteration of Petroleum in Western Canada. Chemical Geology, 8(3): 147–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(71)90002-7 |
Gao, X. L., Xiao, X. M., Zhao, B. Q., et al., 2004. Petroleum Generation History of Lower Tertiary Source Rocks from the Bozhong Depression of the Bohaiwan Basin. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 22(2): 359–364 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Gartrell, A., Zhang, Y. H., Lisk, M., et al., 2003. Enhanced Hydrocarbon Leakage at Fault Intersections: An Example from the Timor Sea, Northwest Shelf, Australia. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 78/79: 361–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0375-6742(03)00125-0 |
Gartrell, A., Zhang, Y. H., Lisk, M., et al., 2004. Fault Intersections as Critical Hydrocarbon Leakage Zones: Integrated Field Study and Numerical Modelling of an Example from the Timor Sea, Australia. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 21(9): 1165–1179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2004.08.001 |
Ge, J. D., Zhu, W. L., 2001. An Analysis of Offshore Gas Exploration Potential in Terms of Comparison between Offshore and Onshore Areas in Bohai Bay Basin. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 13(2): 93–98 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Gong, Z. S., 2004. Neotectonics and Petroleum Accumulation in Offshore Chinese Basins. Earth Science, 29(5): 513–517 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Gong, Z. S., Wang, G. C., 2001. Neotectonism and Late Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Bohai Sea. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 22(2): 1–7, 119 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Hao, F., Cai, D. S., Zou, H. Y., et al., 2004. Overpressure-Tectonic Activity Controlled Fluid Flow and Rapid Petroleum Accumulation in Bozhong Depression, Bohai Bay Basin. Earth Science, 29(5): 518–524 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Hao, F., Guo, T. L., Zhu, Y. M., et al., 2008. Evidence for Multiple Stages of Oil Cracking and Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction in the Puguang Gas Field, Sichuan Basin, China. AAPG Bulletin, 92(5): 611–637. https://doi.org/10.1306/01210807090 |
Hao, F., Zhou, X. H., Zhu, Y. M., et al., 2009. Charging of the Neogene Penglai 19-3 Field, Bohai Bay Basin, China: Oil Accumulation in a Young Trap in an Active Fault Zone. AAPG Bulletin, 93(2): 155–179. https://doi.org/10.1306/09080808092 |
Hao, F., Zhou, X. H., Zhu, Y. M., et al., 2011. Lacustrine Source Rock Deposition in Response to Co-Evolution of Environments and Organisms Controlled by Tectonic Subsidence and Climate, Bohai Bay Basin, China. Organic Geochemistry, 42(4): 323–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2011.01.010 |
Hao, F., Zhou, X. H., Zou, H. Y., et al., 2012. Petroleum Charging and Leakage in the BZ25-1 Field, Bohai Bay Basin. Journal of Earth Science, 23(3): 253–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-012-0251-8 |
Hao, F., Zou, H. Y., Gong, Z. S., et al., 2007. Petroleum Migration and Accumulation in the Bozhong Sub-Basin, Bohai Bay Basin, China: Significance of Preferential Petroleum Migration Pathways (PPMP) for the Formation of Large Oilfields in Lacustrine Fault Basins. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 24(1): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2006.10.007 |
Heydari, E., Moore, C. H., 1989. Burial Diagenesis and Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction, Smackover Formation, Southeastern Mississippi Salt Basin. Geology, 17(12): 1080. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1989)0171080:bdatsr>2.3.co;2 doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1989)0171080:bdatsr>2.3.co;2 |
Holm, G., 1998. How Abnormal Pressures Affect Hydrocarbon Exploration, Exploitation. Oil Gas J. , 96: 79–84 |
Hou, M. C., Cao, H. Y., Li, H. Y., et al., 2019. Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Deep Buried-Hill Reservoirs in the BZ19-6 Structural Belt, Bohai Sea Area. Natural Gas Industry, 39(1): 33–44 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Hu, A. W., Niu, C. M., Wang, D. Y., et al., 2020. The Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Condensate Oil and Gas in Bozhong19-6 Structure, Bozhong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 41(4): 403–411 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Hu, S. B., O'Sullivan, P. B., Raza, A., et al., 2001. Thermal History and Tectonic Subsidence of the Bohai Basin, Northern China: A Cenozoic Rifted and Local Pull-Apart Basin. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 126(3/4): 221–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9201(01)00257-6 |
Huang, C. Y., Zhang, J. C., Hua, W., et al., 2018. Sedimentology and Lithofacies of Lacustrine Shale: A Case Study from the Dongpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 60: 174–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2018.10.014 |
Jiang, Y. L., 1999. The Influence of Cap Rocks on the Accumulation and Distribution of Natural Gas in the Bohai Bay Basin. Geol. Rev., 45: 26–31 |
Kissin, Y. V., 1987. Catagenesis and Composition of Petroleum: Origin of n-Alkanes and Isoalkanes in Petroleum Crudes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 51(9): 2445–2457. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90296-1 |
Li, H. Y., Xu, Y. L., Wang, F. L., et al., 2019. Geochemical Characteristics and Sources of Oil and Gas in Deep Buried Hills, Bohai Sea Area. Natural Gas Industry, 39(1): 45–56 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Liang, J. T., Wang, H. L., Bai, Y., et al., 2016. Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Bohai Bay Basin and Its Coupling Relationship with Pacific Plate Subduction. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 127: 257–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.06.012 |
Lisk, M., O'Brien, G. W., Eadington, P. J., 2002. Quantitative Evaluation of the Oil-Leg Potential in the Oliver Gas Field, Timor Sea, Australia. AAPG Bull. , 86: 1531–1542. https://doi.org/10.1306/61eedcec-173e-11d7-8645000102c1865d |
Liu, H. A., Jing, C., Jiang, Y. L., et al., 2016. Characteristics and Genetic Mechanisms of Overpressure in the Depressions of Bohai Bay Basin, China. Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition, 90(6): 2216–2228. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.13032 |
Liu, H., Jiang, Y. L., Song, G. Q., et al., 2017. Overpressure Characteristics and Effects on Hydrocarbon Distribution in the Bonan Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 149: 811–821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2016.11.029 |
Liu, H., Yuan, F. F., Jiang, Y. L., et al., 2019. Mechanisms for Overpressure Generated by the Undercompaction of Paleogene Strata in the Baxian Depression of Bohai Bay Basin, China. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 99: 337–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.10.001 |
Liu, J. D., Liu, T., Jiang, Y. L., et al., 2019. Distribution, Origin, and Evolution of Overpressure in the Shahejie Formation of Northern Dongpu Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 181: 106219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2019.106219 |
Liu, N., Qiu, N. S., Chang, J., et al., 2017. Hydrocarbon Migration and Accumulation of the Suqiao Buried-Hill Zone in Wen'an Slope, Jizhong Subbasin, Bohai Bay Basin, China. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 86: 512–525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.05.040 |
Liu, Y. M., Ye, J. R., Cao, Q., et al., 2020. Hydrocarbon Generation, Migration, and Accumulation in the Eocene Niubao Formation in the Lunpola Basin, Tibet, China: Insights from Basin Modeling and Fluid Inclusion Analysis. Journal of Earth Science, 31(1): 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-019-1211-3 |
Lorant, F., Prinzhofer, A., Behar, F., et al., 1998. Carbon Isotopic and Molecular Constraints on the Formation and the Expulsion of Thermogenic Hydrocarbon Gases. Chemical Geology, 147(3/4): 249–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2541(98)00017-5 |
Losh, S., Cathles, L., Meulbroek, P., 2002. Gas Washing of Oil along a Regional Transect, Offshore Louisiana. Organic Geochemistry, 33(6): 655–663. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0146-6380(02)00025-6 |
Luo, X., Gong, S., Sun, F. J., et al., 2017. Effect of Volcanic Activity on Hydrocarbon Generation: Examples in Songliao, Qinshui, and Bohai Bay Basins in China. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 38: 218–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2016.12.022 |
Machel, H. G., 2001. Bacterial and Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction in Diagenetic Settings—Old and New Insights. Sedimentary Geology, 140(1/2): 143–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(00)00176-7 |
Magara, K., 1968. Compaction and Migration of Fluids in Miocene Mudstone, Nagaoka Plain, Japan. AAPG Bulletin, 52: 2466–2501. https://doi.org/10.1306/5d25c58d-16c1-11d7-8645000102c1865d |
Miao, Q. Y., Xu, C. G., Hao, F., et al., 2020. Roles of Fault Structures on the Distribution of Mantle-Derived CO2 in the Bohai Bay Basin, NE China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 197: 104398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2020.104398 |
Osborne, M. J., Swarbrick, R. E., 1997. Mechanisms for Generating Overpressure in Sedimentary Basins: A Reevaluation. AAPG Bulletin, 81: 1023–1041. https://doi.org/10.1306/522b49c9-1727-11d7-8645000102c1865d |
Qi, J. F., Yang, Q., 2010. Cenozoic Structural Deformation and Dynamic Processes of the Bohai Bay Basin Province, China. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 27(4): 757–771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.08.012 |
Qi, J. F., 2004. Two Tectonic Systems in the Cenozoic Bohai Bay Basin and Their Genetic Interpretation. Chinese Geology, 31(1): 15–22 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Qin, L. M., Zhang, Z. H., Wu, Y. Y., et al., 2010. Organic Geochemical and Fluid Inclusion Evidence for Filling Stages of Natural Gas and Bitumen in Volcanic Reservoir of Changling Faulted Depression, Southeastern Songliao Basin. Journal of Earth Science, 21(3): 303–320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-010-0094-0 |
Qin, S. F., Dai, J. X., Zhao, J. Z., et al., 2006. Control of the Neotectonics in China on Natural Gas Accumulation. Geological Review, 52(1): 93–99 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Qiu, N. S., Zuo, Y. H., Zhou, X. H., et al., 2010. Geothermal Regime of the Bohai Offshore Area, Bohai Bay Basin, North China. Energy Exploration & Exploitation, 28(5): 327–350. https://doi.org/10.1260/0144-5987.28.5.327 |
Ren, J. Y., Tamaki, K., Li, S. T., et al., 2002. Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic Rifting and Its Dynamic Setting in Eastern China and Adjacent Areas. Tectonophysics, 344(3/4): 175–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(01)00271-2 |
Rogers, M. A., McAlary, J. D., Bailey, N. J. L., 1974. Significance of Reservoir Bitumens to Thermal-Maturation Studies, Western Canada Basin. AAPG Bulletin, 58: 1806–1824. https://doi.org/10.1306/83d919b6-16c7-11d7-8645000102c1865d |
Shi, H. S., Wang, Q. B., Wang, J., et al., 2019. Discovery and Exploration Significance of Large Condensate Gas Fields in BZ19-6 Structure in Deep Bozhong Sag. China Petroleum Exploration, 24(1): 36–45 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Teng, C. Y., Hao, F., Zou, H. Y., et al., 2016. Tan-Lu Fault System and Its Significance in Oil Accumulation in the Central Liaodong Bay Subbasin, Bohai Bay Basin, China. AAPG Bulletin, 100(2): 289–314. https://doi.org/10.1306/10221515011 |
Teng, C. Y., Zou, H. Y., Hao, F., 2014. Control of Differential Tectonic Evolution on Petroleum Occurrence in Bohai Bay Basin. Science China (Earth Sciences), 57(5): 1117–1128 (in Chinese with English Abstract) doi: 10.1007/s11430-013-4771-6 |
Teng, C. Y., Zou, H. Y., Hao, F., et al., 2015. Preservation Condition and Occurrence of the Gas Pools in the Bohai Bay Area. Natural Gas Geoscience, 26(1): 71–80 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Thompson, K. F. M., 1987. Fractionated Aromatic Petroleums and the Generation of Gas-Condensates. Organic Geochemistry, 11(6): 573–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(87)90011-8 |
Tian, J. Q., Hao, F., Zhou, X. H., et al., 2014. Charging of the Penglai 9-1 Oil Field, Bohai Bay Basin, China: Functions of the Delta on Accumulating Petroleum. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 57: 603–618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.07.007 |
Walters, C. C., Kelemen, S. R., Kwiatek, P. J., et al., 2006. Reactive Polar Precipitation via Ether Cross-Linkage: A New Mechanism for Solid Bitumen Formation. Organic Geochemistry, 37(4): 408–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.12.007 |
Wang, G. L., Li, S., Wang, T. G., et al., 2010. Applications of Molecular Fossils in Lacustrine Stratigraphy. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, 29(1): 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-010-0015-z |
Wang, Q., Zou, H. Y., Hao, F., et al., 2016. Petroleum Charge and Entrapment along Active Faults: Study of the Accumulation Mechanism of the Qinhuangdao 29 Oil Field on the Slope of the Shijiutuo Uplift, Bohai Sea. AAPG Bulletin, 100(10): 1541–1560. https://doi.org/10.1306/04201615088 |
Wang, T. B., 2004. Gas Accumulation Models and Characteristics of Gas Fields in China. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 41(1/2/3): 31–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0920-4105(03)00141-4 |
Wang, X., He, S., Jones, S. J., et al., 2019. Overpressure and Its Positive Effect in Deep Sandstone Reservoir Quality of Bozhong Depression, Offshore Bohai Bay Basin, China. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 182: 106362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2019.106362 |
Wang, X., He, S., Wei, A. J., et al., 2016. Typical Disequilibrium Compaction Caused Overpressure of Paleocene Dongying Formation in Northwest Liaodongwan Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 147: 726–734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2016.09.014 |
Wangen, M., 2001. A Quantitative Comparison of some Mechanisms Generating Overpressure in Sedimentary Basins. Tectonophysics, 334(3/4): 211–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(01)00064-6 |
Worden, R. H., Smalley, P. C., 1996. H2S-Producing Reactions in Deep Carbonate Gas Reservoirs: Khuff Formation, Abu Dhabi. Chemical Geology, 133(1/2/3/4): 157–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2541(96)00074-5 |
Wu, Y. D., Ji, L. M., He, C., et al., 2016. The Effects of Pressure and Hydrocarbon Expulsion on Hydrocarbon Generation during Hydrous Pyrolysis of Type-I Kerogen in Source Rock. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 34: 1215–1224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2016.08.017 |
Xu, C. G., Yu, H. B., Wang, J., et al., 2019. Formation Conditions and Accumulation Characteristics of Bozhong 19-6 Large Condensate Gas Field in Offshore Bohai Bay Basin. Pet. Explor. Dev. , 46: 25–38 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Xu, S., Hao, F., Xu, C. G., et al., 2019. Hydrocarbon Migration and Accumulation in the Northwestern Bozhong Subbasin, Bohai Bay Basin, China. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 172: 477–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.09.084 |
Yu, Y. X., Zhou, X. H., Xu, C. G., et al., 2020. Architecture and Evolution of the Cenozoic Offshore Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 192: 104272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2020.104272 |
Zhang, B., Huang, L., Wu, Y., et al., 2010. Quantitative Evaluation of Crude Oil Composition Changes Caused by Strong Gas Washing: A Case Study of Natural Gas Pool in Kuqa Depression. Earth Sci. Front. , 17: 270–279 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Zhang, Y., Gartrell, A., Underschultz, J. R., et al., 2009. Numerical Modelling of Strain Localisation and Fluid Flow during Extensional Fault Reactivation: Implications for Hydrocarbon Preservation. Journal of Structural Geology, 31(3): 315–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2008.11.006 |
Zhao, Z. L., Wang, Z. L., Wang, D. Y., et al., 2020. Tracing Deep Fluids in the Bozhong Sag: Evidence from Integrated Petrography and Geochemistry Data. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 113: 104154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.104154 |
Zhou, X. H., Wang, Q. B., Li, J. P., et al., 2012. Impact of Late-Accumulated Mantle-Derived CO2 on Quality of Paleogene Clastic Reservoir at Actic Area, Qin Nan Sag. Energy Exploration & Exploitation, 30(2): 295–309. https://doi.org/10.1260/0144-5987.30.2.295 |
Zhu, G. Y., Wang, H. T., Weng, N., 2016. TSR-Altered Oil with High-Abundance Thiaadamantanes of a Deep-Buried Cambrian Gas Condensate Reservoir in Tarim Basin. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 69: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.10.007 |
Zhu, G. Y., Zhang, S. C., Huang, H. P., et al., 2010. Induced H2S Formation during Steam Injection Recovery Process of Heavy Oil from the Liaohe Basin, NE China. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 71(1/2): 30–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2010.01.002 |
Zhu, W. L., Ge, J. D., 2001. Gas exploration Potential in offshore Bohai Bay Basin. Acta Pet. Sin. , 22: 8–13 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Zou, H. Y., Zhou, X. H., Bao, X. H., et al., 2010. Controlling Factors and Models for Hydrocarbon Enrichment/Depletion in Paleogene and Neogene, Bohai Sea. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 31(6): 885–893, 899 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Zuo, Y. H., Qiu, N. S., Li, J. W., et al., 2015. Meso-Cenozoic Tectono-Thermal Evolution History in Bohai Bay Basin, North China. Journal of Earth Science, 26(3): 352–360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-014-0500-0 |