| Citation: | Jiale Wang, Menggui Jin, Baojie Jia, Fengxin Kang. Numerical Investigation of Residence Time Distribution for the Characterization of Groundwater Flow System in Three Dimensions. Journal of Earth Science, 2022, 33(6): 1583-1600. doi: 10.1007/s12583-022-1623-3
|
How to identify the nested structure of a three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical groundwater flow system is always a difficult problem puzzling hydrogeologists due to the multiple scales and complexity of the 3D flow field. The main objective of this study was to develop a quantitative method to partition the nested groundwater flow system into different hierarchies in three dimensions. A 3D numerical model with topography derived from the real geomatic data in Jinan, China was implemented to simulate groundwater flow and residence time at the regional scale while the recharge rate, anisotropic permeability and hydrothermal effect being set as climatic and hydrogeological variables in the simulations. The simulated groundwater residence time distribution showed a favorable consistency with the spatial distribution of flow fields. The probability density function of residence time with discontinuous segments indicated the discrete nature of time domain between different flow hierarchies, and it was used to partition the hierarchical flow system into shallow/intermediate/deep flow compartments. The changes in the groundwater flow system can be quantitatively depicted by the climatic and hydrogeological variables. This study provides new insights and an efficient way to analyze groundwater circulation and evolution in three dimensions from the perspective of time domain.
| An, R., Jiang, X. -W., Wang, J. -Z., et al., 2015. A Theoretical Analysis of Basin-Scale Groundwater Temperature Distribution. Hydrogeology Journal, 23(2): 397–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-014-1197-y |
| Appold, M. S., Monteiro, L. V. S., 2009. Numerical Modeling of Hydrothermal Zinc Silicate and Sulfide Mineralization in the Vazante Deposit, Brazil. Geofluids, 9(2): 96–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-8123.2009.00245.x |
| Bear, J., 1972. Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media. Elsevier, New York |
| Bresciani, E., Kang, P. K., Lee, S., 2019. Theoretical Analysis of Groundwater Flow Patterns near Stagnation Points. Water Resources Research, 55(2): 1624–1650. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018wr023508 |
| Cai, W., Gao, Z., Wang, Q., et al., 2013. Research on Connections between Jinan Karst Waters. Geological Publishing House, Beijing (in Chinese) |
| Cao, G. L., Han, D. M., Currell, M., et al., 2016. Revised Conceptualization of the North China Basin Groundwater Flow System: Groundwater Age, Heat and Flow Simulations. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 127: 119–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.05.025 |
| Cornaton, F., Perrochet, P., 2006. Groundwater Age, Life Expectancy and Transit Time Distributions in Advective-Dispersive Systems: 1. Generalized Reservoir Theory. Advances in Water Resources, 29(9): 1267–1291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.10.009 |
| Deming, D., 2002. Introduction to Hydrogeology. McGraw-Hill, New York |
| Diersch, H. J. G., 2014. FEFLOW—Finite Element Modeling of Flow, Mass and Heat Transport in Porous and Fractured Media. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Elaid, M., Hind, M., Abdelmadiid, B., et al., 2020. Contribution of Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic Tools to the Management of Upper and Middle Cheliff Aquifers. Journal of Earth Science, 31(5): 993–1006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-020-1293-y |
| Garven, G., 1989. A Hydrogeologic Model for the Formation of the Giant Oil Sands Deposits of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. American Journal of Science, 289(2): 105–166. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.289.2.105 |
| Gil-Márquez, J. M., De la Torre, B., Mudarra, M., et al., 2020. Complementary Use of Dating and Hydrochemical Tools to Assess Mixing Processes Involving Centenarian Groundwater in a Geologically Complex Alpine Karst Aquifer. Hydrological Processes, 34(20): 3981–3999. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13848 |
| Gleeson, T., Manning, A. H., 2008. Regional Groundwater Flow in Mountainous Terrain: Three-Dimensional Simulations of Topographic and Hydrogeologic Controls. Water Resources Research, 44(10): W10403. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr006848 |
| Goderniaux, P., Davy, P., Bresciani, E., et al., 2013. Partitioning a Regional Groundwater Flow System into Shallow Local and Deep Regional Flow Compartments. Water Resources Research, 49(4): 2274–2286. https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20186 |
| Haitjema, H. M., 1995. On the Residence Time Distribution in Idealized Groundwatersheds. Journal of Hydrology, 172(1): 127–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(95)02732-5 |
| Haitjema, H. M., Mitchell-Bruker, S., 2005. Are Water Tables a Subdued Replica of the Topography? Ground Water, 43(6): 781–786. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00090.x |
| Herbert, A. W., Jackson, C. P., Lever, D. A., 1988. Coupled Groundwater Flow and Solute Transport with Fluid Density Strongly Dependent Upon Concentration. Water Resources Research, 24(10): 1781–1795. https://doi.org/10.1029/wr024i010p01781 |
| Jiang, X. -W., Wang, X. -S., Wan, L., et al., 2011. An Analytical Study on Stagnation Points in Nested Flow Systems in Basins with Depth-Decaying Hydraulic Conductivity. Water Resources Research, 47(1): W01512. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010wr009346 |
| Jiang, X. -W., Wan, L., Ge, S. M., et al., 2012. A Quantitative Study on Accumulation of Age Mass around Stagnation Points in Nested Flow Systems. Water Resources Research, 48(12): W12502. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012wr012509 |
| Jiang, L. Q., Sun, R., Liang, X., 2021. Predicting Groundwater Flow and Solute Transport in the Heterogeneous Aquifer Sandbox Using Different Parameter Estimation Methods. Earth Science, 46(11): 4150–4160. https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2020.268 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Kagabu, M., Shimada, J., Delinom, R., et al., 2011. Groundwater Flow System under a Rapidly Urbanizing Coastal City as Determined by Hydrogeochemistry. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40(1): 226–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.07.012 |
| Kang, F. X., Jin, M. G., Qin, P. R., 2011. Sustainable Yield of a Karst Aquifer System: A Case Study of Jinan Springs in Northern China. Hydrogeology Journal, 19(4): 851–863. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0725-2 |
| Kirchheim, R. E., Gastmans, D., Chang, H. K., et al., 2019. The Use of Isotopes in Evolving Groundwater Circulation Models of Regional Continental Aquifers: The Case of the Guarani Aquifer System. Hydrological Processes, 33(17): 2266–2278. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13476 |
| Kolbe, T., Marçais, J., Thomas, Z., et al., 2016. Coupling 3D Groundwater Modeling with CFC-Based Age Dating to Classify Local Groundwater Circulation in an Unconfined Crystalline Aquifer. Journal of Hydrology, 543: 31–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.020 |
| Land, L., Timmons, S., 2016. Evaluation of Groundwater Residence Time in a High Mountain Aquifer System (Sacramento Mountains, USA): Insights Gained from Use of Multiple Environmental Tracers. Hydrogeology Journal, 24(4): 787–804. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1400-4 |
| Lapworth, D. J., MacDonald, A. M., Tijani, M. N., et al., 2013. Residence Times of Shallow Groundwater in West Africa: Implications for Hydrogeology and Resilience to Future Changes in Climate. Hydrogeology Journal, 21(3): 673–686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0925-4 |
| Li, Z., Kang, F., Liu, G., et al., 2013. Jinan Geothermal and Hot Springs. Geological Publishing House, Beijing (in Chinese) |
| Li, Y., Wang, J. L., Jin, M. G., et al., 2021. Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Jinan Karst Spring System Identified by Hydrologic Time-Series Data. Earth Science, 46(7): 2583–2593. https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2020.236 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Liang, X., Quan, D. J., Jin, M., et al., 2013. Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Flow Patterns Using Flux as Upper Boundary. Hydro-logical Processes, 27(24): 3475–3483. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9477 |
| Liang, X., Zhang, R., Jin, M. G., 2015. Groundwater Flow Systems: Theory, Application and Investigation. Geological Publishing House, Beijing (in Chinese) |
| Liu, Y. J., Ma, T., Chen, J., et al., 2020. Compaction Simulator: A Novel Device for Pressure Experiments of Subsurface Sediments. Journal of Earth Science, 31(5): 1045–1050. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-020-1334-6 |
| Maasland, M., 1957. Theory of Fluid Flow through Anisotropic Media. In: Luthin, J. N., ed., Drainage of Agricultural Lands. American Society of Agronomy, Wisconsin Madison |
| Magri, F., Akar, T., Gemici, U., et al., 2010. Deep Geothermal Groundwater Flow in the Seferihisar-Balçova Area, Turkey: Results from Transient Numerical Simulations of Coupled Fluid Flow and Heat Transport Processes. Geofluids, 10(3): 388–405. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-8123.2009.00267.x |
| Mao, X. M., Zhu, D. B., Ndikubwimana, I., et al., 2021. The Mechanism of High-Salinity Thermal Groundwater in Xinzhou Geothermal Field, South China: Insight from Water Chemistry and Stable Isotopes. Journal of Hydrology, 593: 125889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125889 |
| Marklund, L., Wörman, A., 2011. The Use of Spectral Analysis-Based Exact Solutions to Characterize Topography-Controlled Groundwater Flow. Hydrogeology Journal, 19(8): 1531–1543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0768-4 |
| Moran-Ramírez, J., Morales-Arredondo, J. I., Armienta-Hernández, M. A., et al., 2020. Quantification of the Mixture of Hydrothermal and Fresh Water in Tectonic Valleys. Journal of Earth Science, 31(5): 1007–1015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-020-1294-x |
| Ophori, D. U., 2004. A Simulation of Large-Scale Groundwater Flow and Travel Time in a Fractured Rock Environment for Waste Disposal Purposes. Hydrological Processes, 18(9): 1579–1593. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1407 |
| Seidel, T., König, C., Schäfer, M., et al., 2014. Intuitive Visualization of Transient Groundwater Flow. Computers & Geosciences, 67: 173–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2014.03.004 |
| Tóth, Á., Havril, T., Simon, S., et al., 2016. Groundwater Flow Pattern and Related Environmental Phenomena in Complex Geologic Setting Based on Integrated Model Construction. Journal of Hydrology, 539: 330–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.038 |
| Tóth, Á., Galsa, A., Mádl-Szőnyi, J., 2020. Significance of Basin Asymmetry and Regional Groundwater Flow Conditions in Preliminary Geothermal Potential Assessment—Implications on Extensional Geothermal Plays. Global and Planetary Change, 195: 103344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103344 |
| Tóth, J., 1963. A Theoretical Analysis of Groundwater Flow in Small Drainage Basins. Journal of Geophysical Research, 68(16): 4795–4812. https://doi.org/10.1029/jz068i016p04795 |
| Tóth, J., 1999. Groundwater as a Geologic Agent: An Overview of the Causes, Processes, and Manifestations. Hydrogeology Journal, 7(1): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400050176 |
| Tóth, J., 2009. Gravitational Systems of Groundwater Flow. Cambridge University Press, New York |
| Wang, J. -Z., Wörman, A., Bresciani, E., et al., 2016. On the Use of Late-Time Peaks of Residence Time Distributions for the Characterization of Hierarchically Nested Groundwater Flow Systems. Journal of Hydrology, 543: 47–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.04.034 |
| Wang, J. L., Jin, M. G., Jia, B. J., et al., 2015. Hydrochemical Characteristics and Geothermometry Applications of Thermal Groundwater in Northern Jinan, Shandong, China. Geothermics, 57: 185–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2015.07.002 |
| Wang, J. L., Jin, M. G., Lu, G. P., et al., 2016. Investigation of Discharge-Area Groundwaters for Recharge Source Characterization on Different Scales: The Case of Jinan in Northern China. Hydrogeology Journal, 24(7): 1723–1737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1428-5 |
| Wang, J. J., Liang, X., Ma, B., et al., 2021. Using Isotopes and Hydrogeochemistry to Characterize Groundwater Flow Systems within Intensively Pumped Aquifers in an Arid Inland Basin, Northwest China. Journal of Hydrology, 595: 126048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126048 |
| Wang, X. -S., Wan, L., Jiang, X. -W., et al., 2017. Identifying Three-Dimensional Nested Groundwater Flow Systems in a Tóthian Basin. Advances in Water Resources, 108: 139–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2017.07.016 |
| Welch, L. A., Allen, D. M., 2012. Consistency of Groundwater Flow Patterns in Mountainous Topography: Implications for Valley Bottom Water Replenishment and for Defining Groundwater Flow Boundaries. Water Resources Research, 48(5): W05526. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr010901 |
| Xiao, Z. C., Wang, S., Qi, S. H., et al., 2020. Petrogenesis, Tectonic Evolution and Geothermal Implications of Mesozoic Granites in the Huangshadong Geothermal Field, South China. Journal of Earth Science, 31(1): 141–158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-019-1242-9 |
| Xu, Z. K., Xu, S. G., Zhang, S. T., 2021. Hydrogeochemistry of Anning Geothermal Field and Flow Channels Inferring of Upper Geothermal Reservoir. Earth Science, 46(11): 4175–4187. https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2020.401 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Yamanaka, T., Shimada, J., Tsujimura, M., et al., 2011. Tracing a Confined Groundwater Flow System under the Pressure of Excessive Groundwater Use in the Lower Central Plain, Thailand. Hydrological Processes, 25(17): 2654–2664. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8007 |
| Zhu, X., Wang, G. L., Ma, F., et al., 2021. Hydrogeochemistry of Geothermal Waters from Taihang Mountain-Xiong'an New Area and Its Indicating Significance. Earth Science, 46(7): 2594–2608. https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2020.207 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Figures(14) / Tables(7)
Copyright © 2013-2020 Journal of Earth Science 鄂ICP备15021562号-2
Tel: +86-27-67885075 Fax: +86-27-67885075 E-mail: xbb@cug.edu.cn
Address: Editorial Office of Journal, China University of Geosciences, Yujiashan, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
Supported by:
Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd
E-mail:
info@rhhz.net
DownLoad:
