Advanced Search

Indexed by SCI、CA、РЖ、PA、CSA、ZR、etc .

Volume 34 Issue 4
Aug 2023
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Journal of Earth Science  > 2023  >  34(4): 1280-1294.
Peng Xia, Xinli Hu, Shuangshuang Wu, Chunye Ying, Chu Xu, Xuan Wang, Hao Chen. Study on Shear Strength Characteristics of Columnar Jointed Basalt Based on in-situ Direct Shear Test at Baihetan Hydropower Station. Journal of Earth Science, 2023, 34(4): 1280-1294. doi: 10.1007/s12583-022-1669-2
Citation: Peng Xia, Xinli Hu, Shuangshuang Wu, Chunye Ying, Chu Xu, Xuan Wang, Hao Chen. Study on Shear Strength Characteristics of Columnar Jointed Basalt Based on in-situ Direct Shear Test at Baihetan Hydropower Station. Journal of Earth Science, 2023, 34(4): 1280-1294. doi: 10.1007/s12583-022-1669-2
shu

Study on Shear Strength Characteristics of Columnar Jointed Basalt Based on in-situ Direct Shear Test at Baihetan Hydropower Station

doi: 10.1007/s12583-022-1669-2
  • 1.

    Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

  • 2.

    China Three Gorges Construction Group, Ltd., Beijing 100038, China

More Information
  • Corresponding author: Xinli Hu, huxinli@cug.edu.cn
  • Received Date: 11 Jan 2022
  • Accepted Date: 08 Apr 2022
  • Issue Publish Date: 30 Aug 2023
    Abstract

  • Columnar jointed basalt (CJB) widely distributes in the dam site of the Baihetan Hydropower Station. The columnar joint structure and fracture development of CJB have significant influence on the mechanical properties of rock mass, and the mechanical properties of CJB are of great significance to the Baihetan Hydropower Project. Therefore, in-situ direct shear tests were carried out on ten test adit at different locations in the dam site area to study the shear behavior of CJB. In this study, 21 sets of in-situ direct shear tests were conducted for rock types of type Ⅱ2, type Ⅲ1 and type Ⅲ2, with horizontal and vertical shear planes and two different specimen sizes of CJB. Shear strength parameters of CJB were obtained by linear fitting of in-situ direct shear test results based on the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion. The results indicate that the shear strength parameters of CJB with horizontal shear plane increase as the increase of rock type grade. The shear strength parameters of CJB show obvious anisotropy and the friction coefficient of the horizontal shear plane is greater than the vertical shear plane. The friction coefficient in the horizontal direction of the shear plane is 1.27 times that in the vertical direction of the shear plane. With the increase of rock type grade, the difference of friction coefficient becomes larger. However, the cohesion changes little whether the shear plane is horizontal or vertical. In addition, the size effect of CJB in this area is significant. The shear strength parameters of large size (100 cm × 100 cm) specimens are lower than those of regular size (50 cm × 50 cm) specimens. The reduction of cohesion is greater than that of the friction coefficient. For rock type Ⅲ2, the cohesion of large-size specimens is 0.637 of the regular-size specimens. The reduction percentage of the friction coefficient for type Ⅲ2 is 1.66 times that of type Ⅲ1. The reduction percentage of the cohesion for type Ⅲ2 is 1.27 times that of type Ⅲ1. The size effect decreases with the increase of rock type grade. The research results of this study can provide an important basis for the selection of rock mechanics parameters in the dam site area of Baihetan Hydropower Station and the stability analysis of the dam foundation and rocky slopes.

     

    • Conflict of Interest
    The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
    FullText(HTML)
  • loading
    • References(58)
  • Alshkane, Y. M., Marshall, A. M., Stace, L. R., 2017. Prediction of Strength and Deformability of an Interlocked Blocky Rock Mass Using UDEC. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 9(3): 531–542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2017.01.002
    Bahaaddini, M., Hagan, P., Mitra, R., et al., 2016. Numerical Study of the Mechanical Behavior of Nonpersistent Jointed Rock Masses. International Journal of Geomechanics, 16(1): 04015035. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0000510
    Bažant, Z. P., Chen, E. P., 1997. Scaling of Structural Failure. Applied Mechanics Reviews, 50(10): 593–627. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3101672
    Chen, B. R., Li, Q. P., Feng, X. T., et al., 2014. Microseismic Monitoring of Columnar Jointed Basalt Fracture Activity: a Trial at the Baihetan Hydropower Station, China. Journal of Seismology, 18(4): 773–793. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-014-9445-0
    China Electricity Council, 2008. Code for Hydropower Engineering Geological Investigation (GB50287-2006). China Planning Press, Beijing (in Chinese)
    Cui, J., Jiang, Q., Feng, X. T., et al., 2018. Insights into Statistical Structural Characteristics and Deformation Properties of Columnar Jointed Basalts: Field Investigation in the Baihetan Dam Base, China. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 77(2): 775–790. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-017-1029-0
    Cundall, P. A., Pierce, M. E., Mas., Ivars, D., 2008. Quantifying the Size Effect of Rock Mass Strength Proceedings of the First Southern Hemisphere International Rock Mechanics Symposium. Australian Centre for Geomechanics. 2008: 3–15. https://doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/808_31
    Di, S. J., Xu, W. Y., Ning, Y., et al., 2011a. Macro-Mechanical Properties of Columnar Jointed Basaltic Rock Masses. Journal of Central South University of Technology, 18(6): 2143–2149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-011-0955-4
    Di, S. J., Xu, W. Y., Wang, W., et al., 2011b. Transversely Isotropic Constitutive Properties of a Columnar Jointed Rock Mass. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 40(6): 881–887 (in Chinese with English Abstract)
    Di, S. J., Xu, W., Wang, W., et al., 2012. Mechnical Analysis and Simulation of in-situ Deformation Test of Columnar Jointed Rock Mass. Rock soil Mech, 33: 501–508 (in Chinese)
    Fan, Q. X., Feng, X. T., Weng, W. L., et al., 2017. Unloading Performances and Stabilizing Practices for Columnar Jointed Basalt: a Case Study of Baihetan Hydropower Station. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 9(6): 1041–1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2017.07.003
    Fan, Q. X., Wang, Z. L., Xu, J. R., et al., 2018. Study on Deformation and Control Measures of Columnar Jointed Basalt for Baihetan Super-High Arch Dam Foundation. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 51(8): 2569–2595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1378-9
    Ge, Y. F., Tang, H. M., Ez Eldin, M. A. M., et al., 2017. Evolution Process of Natural Rock Joint Roughness during Direct Shear Tests. International Journal of Geomechanics, 17(5): E4016013. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0000694
    Goehring, L., 2013. Evolving Fracture Patterns: Columnar Joints, Mud Cracks and Polygonal Terrain. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 371(2004): 20120353. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0353
    Hao, X. J., Feng, X. T., Yang, C. X., et al., 2016. Analysis of EDZ Development of Columnar Jointed Rock Mass in the Baihetan Diversion Tunnel. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 49(4): 1289–1312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-015-0829-4
    Hetényi, G., Taisne, B., Garel, F., et al., 2012. Scales of Columnar Jointing in Igneous Rocks: Field Measurements and Controlling Factors. Bulletin of Volcanology, 74(2): 457–482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0534-4
    Ivanova, V. M., Sousa, R. T., Murrihy, B., et al., 2014. Mathematical Algorithm Development and Parametric Studies with the GEOFRAC Three-Dimensional Stochastic Model of Natural Rock Fracture Systems. Computers & Geosciences, 67: 100–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2013.12.004
    Ji, H., Zhang, J. C., Xu, W. Y., et al., 2017. Experimental Investigation of the Anisotropic Mechanical Properties of a Columnar Jointed Rock Mass: Observations from Laboratory-Based Physical Modelling. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 50(7): 1919–1931. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1192-4
    Jiang, Q., Feng, X. T., Hatzor, Y. H., et al., 2014. Mechanical Anisotropy of Columnar Jointed Basalts: an Example from the Baihetan Hydropower Station, China. Engineering Geology, 175: 35–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.03.019
    Jiang, Q., Wang, B., Feng, X. T., et al., 2019. In-situ Failure Investigation and Time-Dependent Damage Test for Columnar Jointed Basalt at the Baihetan Left Dam Foundation. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 78(6): 3875–3890. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-018-1399-y
    Jin, C. Y., Li, S. G., Liu, J. P., 2018. Anisotropic Mechanical Behaviors of Columnar Jointed Basalt under Compression. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 77(1): 317–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-016-0942-y
    Jin, C. Y., Yang, C. X., Fang, D., et al., 2015. Study on the Failure Mechanism of Basalts with Columnar Joints in the Unloading Process on the Basis of an Experimental Cavity. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 48(3): 1275–1288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-014-0625-6
    Justo, J. L., Justo, E., Durand, P., et al., 2006. The Foundation of a 40-Storey Tower in Jointed Basalt. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 43(2): 267–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2005.07.007
    Li, B., Jiang, Y. J., Mizokami, T., et al., 2014. Anisotropic Shear Behavior of Closely Jointed Rock Masses. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 71: 258–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2014.07.013
    Li, B., Li, T., Xu, N. W., et al., 2018. Stability Assessment of the Left Bank Slope of the Baihetan Hydropower Station, Southwest China. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 104: 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.02.016
    Lin, Z. N., Xu, W. Y., Wang, W., et al., 2018. Determination of Strength and Deformation Properties of Columnar Jointed Rock Mass Using Physical Model Tests. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 22(9): 3302–3311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-018-0257-6
    Liu, D., Huang, M., Hong, C. J., et al., 2021. Experimental Study on Size Effect of Compressive Strength of Jointed Rock Mass Based on Representative Sampling. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 40(4): 766–776 (in Chinese with English Abstract)
    Luo, Z. J., Zhang, Q. Z., Shi, Z. M., et al., 2022. Shear Creep Characteristics of Red Sandstone Discontinuities Considering Different Morphologies. Earth Science, 47(12): 4484–4497. https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2022.315 (in Chinese with English Abstract)
    Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China, 2020. Code for Rock Tests in Water and Hydropower Projects (SL/T 264-2020). China Water Resources and Hydropower Press, Beijing (in Chinese)
    Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China, 2007. Design Code for Engineered Slope in Water Resources and Hydropower Projects (SL 386-2007). China Water Resources and Hydropower Press, Beijing (in Chinese)
    Nagayama, I., Katahira, H., 1989. Shear Test of Gypsum Modeling Stratiform Rock. Civ Eng J, 31: 25–30 (in Japanese with English Abstract)
    Nagayama, I., Norimatsu, H., Katahira, H., et al., 1994. Influences of Dip and Shearing Strength of Joints on Shearing Strength of Rock Mass. In Proceedings of the 9th Japan Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Committee on Rock Mechanics, JSMS, Tokyo (in Japanese with English Abstract)
    Oyanguren, P. R., Nicieza, C. G., Fernández, M. I. Á., et al., 2008. Stability Analysis of Llerin Rockfill Dam: An in situ Direct Shear Test. Engineering Geology, 100(3/4): 120–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.02.009
    Phillips, J. C., Humphreys, M. C. S., Daniels, K. A., et al., 2013. The Formation of Columnar Joints Produced by Cooling in Basalt at Staffa, Scotland. Bulletin of Volcanology, 75(6): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-013-0715-4
    Sanei, M., Faramarzi, L., Fahimifar, A., et al., 2015. Shear Strength of Discontinuities in Sedimentary Rock Masses Based on Direct Shear Tests. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 75: 119–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2014.11.009
    Shan, Z. G., Di, S. J., 2013. Loading-Unloading Test Analysis of Anisotropic Columnar Jointed Basalts. Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A, 14(8): 603–614. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A1200261
    Shi, A. C., Wei, Y. F., Zhang, Y. H., et al., 2020. Study on the Strength Characteristics of Columnar Jointed Basalt with a True Triaxial Apparatus at the Baihetan Hydropower Station. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 53(11): 4947–4965. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-020-02195-z
    Tang, G. M., Xu, Q., Deng, W. F., et al., 2022. Degradation Law of Mechanical Properties of Typical Rock in Sichuan-Tibet Traffic Corridor under Freeze-Thaw and Unloading Conditions. Earth Science, 47(6): 1917–1931. https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2021.260 (in Chinese with English Abstract)
    Wang, P. T., Ren, F. H., Miao, S. J., et al., 2017. Evaluation of the Anisotropy and Directionality of a Jointed Rock Mass under Numerical Direct Shear Tests. Engineering Geology, 225: 29–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.03.004
    Wang, P. T., Yang, T. H., Yu, Q. L., et al., 2013. Characterization on Jointed Rock Masses Based on PFC2D. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 7(1): 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-013-0187-9
    Wang, S. R., Chen, Y. L., Ni, J., et al., 2021. Mechanical Characteristics and Mechanism of Granite Subjected to Coupling Effect of Acidic Corrosion and Freeze-Thaw Cycles. Journal of Earth Science, 32(5): 1202–1211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-021-1414-2
    Wen, T., Zhang, X, Sun, J. S., et al., 2021. Brittle Evaluation Based on Energy Evolution at Pre-Peak and Post-Peak Stage. Earth Science, 46(9): 3385–3396. https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2020.342 (in Chinese with English Abstract)
    Xia, Y. J., Zhang, C. Q., Zhou, H., et al., 2019. Mechanical Anisotropy and Failure Characteristics of Columnar Jointed Rock Masses (CJRM) in Baihetan Hydropower Station: Structural Considerations Based on Digital Image Processing Technology. Energies, 12(19): 3602. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12193602
    Xia, Y. J., Zhang, C. Q., Zhou, H., et al., 2020. Structural Characteristics of Columnar Jointed Basalt in Drainage Tunnel of Baihetan Hydropower Station and Its Influence on the Behavior of P-Wave Anisotropy. Engineering Geology, 264: 105304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105304
    Xiao, W. M., Deng, R. G., Zhong, Z. B., et al., 2015. Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of Simulated Columnar Jointed Rock Masses. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 12(1): 80–89. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-2132/12/1/80
    Xiao, W. M., Huang, W., Ding, M., et al., 2018. Method for Preparing Artificial Columnar Jointed Rock Mass Specimens by Using 3D Printing Technology. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 40(S2): 256–260 (in Chinese with English Abstract)
    Xue, X. H., Xiao, M., 2017. Deformation Evaluation on Surrounding Rocks of Underground Caverns Based on PSO-LSSVM. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 69: 171–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2017.06.019
    Yan, D. X., Xu, W. Y., Wang, W., et al., 2012. Research of size effect on equivalent elastic modulus of columnar jointed rock mass. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 34: 243–250 (in Chinese with English Abstract)
    Yan, L., Xu, W. Y., Wang, R. B., et al., 2018. Numerical Simulation of the Anisotropic Properties of a Columnar Jointed Rock Mass under Triaxial Compression. Engineering Computations, 35(4): 1788–1804. https://doi.org/10.1108/ec-07-2017-0240
    Yang, J., Dong, J., Liu, H., et al., 2010. In situ Direct Shear Tests on the Large-Scale Accumulation Body and Three-Dimensional Stability Analysis of the Slope. Journal of China Coal Society, 35(3): 392–396 (in Chinese with English Abstract)
    Ye, J. H., Xi, Q. X., Xia, W. R., 1991. Handbook of Rock Mechanics Parameters. Water Resources and Electric Power Press, Beijing (in Chinese)
    Zhang, S. Y., He, M. J., Gu, J. J., et al., 2020. Rock Mass Classification for Columnar Jointed Basalt: A Case Study of Baihetan Hydropower Station. Geofluids, 2020: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6679317
    Zhang, S., He, M., Gu, J., et al., 2020. Rock Mass Classification for Columnar Jointed Basalt: A Case Study of Baihetan Hydropower Station. Geofluids, 2020: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6679317
    Zhang, W., Chen, J. P., Liu, C., et al., 2012. Determination of Geometrical and Structural Representative Volume Elements at the Baihetan Dam Site. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 45(3): 409–419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-011-0191-0
    Zheng, W. T., Xu, W. Y., Wu, A. Q., et al., 2008. Numerical in situ Testing of Excavation Experimental Cavity on Columnal Joints. Rock Soil Mech, 29(S1): 253–257 (in Chinese with English Abstract)
    Zheng, W. T., Xu, W. Y., Yan, D. X., et al., 2011. A Three-Dimensional Modeling Method for Irregular Columnar Joints Based on Voronoi Graphics Theory. International Conference on Applied Informatics and Communication. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 62–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23223-7_8
    Zhu, D. J., Yang, L. D., Cai, Y. C., 2009. Research on Anisotropic Characteristics and Size Effect of Columnar Jointed Rock Mass. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28(7): 1405–1414 (in Chinese with English Abstract)
    Zhu, Z. D., Qin, T. H., Wang, S. H., et al., 2010. Study of Anisotropic Constitutive Model of Columnar Jointed Rock Masses Based on Cosserat Theory. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29: 4068–4076 (in Chinese with English Abstract)
    • Relative Articles
    • Supplements(0)
    • Cited By
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Figures(12)  / Tables(4)

    Get Citation
    PDF
    XML

    Article Metrics

    Article views(112) PDF downloads(11) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    Copyright © 2013-2020 Journal of Earth Science 鄂ICP备15021562号-2

    Tel: +86-27-67885075 Fax: +86-27-67885075 E-mail: xbb@cug.edu.cn

    Address: Editorial Office of Journal, China University of Geosciences, Yujiashan, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China

    Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd  E-mail: info@rhhz.net  

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return