| Citation: | Chenlu Wang, Luobin Zheng, Liangqing Wang, Linfeng Zhu, Shanbai Wu, Shan Deng. Effects of the Tensile and Shear Properties of Bolts on the Shear Properties of Bolted Rock Joints. Journal of Earth Science, 2024, 35(5): 1626-1639. doi: 10.1007/s12583-022-1749-3
|
The mechanical properties of bolts are important factors affecting the shear behavior of bolted joints. In this study, tensile and pure shear tests were conducted on five kinds of bolts made from different materials to measure their tensile and shear parameters. Direct shear tests were conducted to analyze the effects of tensile and shear strength parameters on the shear behavior of bolted joints. The test results showed that the mechanical properties of bolts made from different materials were clearly different and that these differences mainly affected the plastic deformation stage of the bolted joints. The larger the bolt elongation was, the larger the joint shear displacement at bolt failure. The tensile and shear strengths of the bolts were positively correlated with the shear strength of the bolted joints. According to the standard regression analysis, the bolt shear strength had a greater influence than the bolt tensile strength on the bolt contributions when the bolts were perpendicular to the joint surface. Based on the empirical equation for the bolt contribution proposed by Spang, the maximum shear loads in the pure shear test were introduced, and a new equation was established to predict the contributions of bolts. The prediction results obtained using the modified equation were in good agreement with the experimental results.
| Bjurstrom, S., 1974. Shear Strength of Hard Rock Joints Reinforced by Grouted Untensioned Bolt. Proceedings of the 3rd International Congress on Rock Mechanics, 2(Part B): 1194–1199 |
| Cao, X. F., Zhao, W., Xie, Q., et al., 2016. Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Plastic Rebar. Highway Engineering, 41(5): 215–217, 255 (in Chinese with English Abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0610.2016.05.045 |
| Cui, G. J., Zhang, C. Q., Chen, J. L., et al., 2020. Effect of Bolt Inclination Angle on Shear Behavior of Bolted Joints under CNL and CNS Conditions. Journal of Central South University, 27(3): 937–950. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-020-4342-x |
| Dight, P. M., 1983. Improvements to the Stability of Rock Walls in Open Pit Mines: [Dissertation]. Monash University, Melbourne |
| Ferrero, A. M., 1994. The Shear Strength of Reinforced Rock Joints. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts, 32(6): 595–605. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(95)00002-x |
| Ge, X. R., Liu, J. W., 1988. Study on Shear Behavior of Anchor Joint Surface. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1: 8–19 (in Chinese with English Abstract) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4548.1988.01.002 |
| Grasselli, G., 2005. 3D Behaviour of Bolted Rock Joints: Experimental and Numerical Study. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 42(1): 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.06.003 |
| Gu, Y. C., Chen, W. Q., Liu, W., et al., 2017. A Novel Augmented Finite Element Method for Nonlinear Fracture in Elastoplastic Bars. Engineering Mechanics, 34(11): 1–8 (in Chinese with English Abstract) doi: 10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2016.07.0554 |
| Huang, J., Ye, Y. C., Wang, W. J., et al., 2010. Study on Tensile Test and Shear Test of GFRP Bolt on the Bases of Its Application. China Mining Magazine, 19(10): 94–96, 112 (in Chinese with English Abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-4051.2010.10.027 |
| Jalalifar, H., Aziz, N., Hadi, M., 2006. The Effect of Surface Profile, Rock Strength and Pretension Load on Bending Behaviour of Fully Grouted Bolts. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 24(5): 1203–1227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-005-1340-6 |
| Jalalifar, H., Aziz, N., 2010a. Analytical Behaviour of Bolt-Joint Intersection Under Lateral Loading Conditions. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 43(1): 89–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-009-0032-6 |
| Jalalifar, H., Aziz, N., 2010b. Experimental and 3D Numerical Simulation of Reinforced Shear Joints. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 43(1): 95–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-009-0031-7 |
| Jing, L., Stephansson, O., Nordlund, E., 1993. Study of Rock Joints under Cyclic Loading Conditions. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 26(3): 215–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01040116 |
| Li, X. W., Aziz, N., Mirzaghorbanali, A., et al., 2016. Behavior of Fiber Glass Bolts, Rock Bolts and Cable Bolts in Shear. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 49(7): 2723–2735. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-015-0907-7 |
| Li, Y. Z., Liu, C. H., 2019. Experimental Study on the Shear Behavior of Fully Grouted Bolts. Construction and Building Materials, 223(C): 1123–1134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.06.207 |
| Liu, C. H., Li, Y. Z., 2017. Analytical Study of the Mechanical Behavior of Fully Grouted Bolts in Bedding Rock Slopes. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 50(9): 2413–2423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1244-9 |
| Liu, Q. S., Lie, G. F., Peng, X. X., et al., 2017. Experimental Study and Mechanism Analysis of Influence of Bolt Anchoring on Shear Properties of Jointed Rock Mass. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 38(S1): 27–35. https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2017.s1.003 |
| Liu, Q. S., Lie, G. F., Peng, X. X., et al., 2018. Study on Shear Mechanical Properties of Sandstone, Marble and Granite after Anchoring. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 37(S2): 4007–4015. https://doi.org/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2017.0646 |
| Lu, C. H., He, L. Y., Chu, T. S., et al., 2018. Experiment on Mechanical Properties Degradation of GFRP Bars in Eroded Environment. Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 35(6): 73–79 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Miao, F. S., Wu, Y. P., Torok, A., et al., 2022. Centrifugal Model Test on a Riverine Landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Induced by Rainfall and Water Level Fluctuation. Geoscience Frontiers, 13(3): 101378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2022.101378 |
| Muralha, J., Grasselli, G., Tatone, B., et al., 2014. ISRM Suggested Method for Laboratory Determination of the Shear Strength of Rock Joints: Revised Version. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 47(1): 291–302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-013-0519-z |
| Pellet, F., Egger, P., 1996. Analytical Model for the Mechanical Behaviour of Bolted Rock Joints Subjected to Shearing. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 29(2): 73–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01079755 |
| Pomeroy, J. W., Gray, D. M., Brown, T., et al., 2007. The Cold Regions Hydrological Model: A Platform for Basing Process Representation and Model Structure on Physical Evidence. Hydrological Processes, 21(19): 2650–2667. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6787 |
| Sainsbury, B. A., Kurucuk, N., Bolton, J., 2020. The Mechanical Performance of Solid Reinforcing Bar Rockbolts. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 53(10): 4599–4608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-020-02187-z |
| Spang, K., Egger, P., 1990. Action of Fully-Grouted Bolts in Jointed Rock and Factors of Influence. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 23(3): 201–229. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01022954 |
| Sun, Z. H., Wang, L. Q., Zhou, J. Q., et al., 2020. A New Method for Determining the Hydraulic Aperture of Rough Rock Fractures Using the Support Vector Regression. Engineering Geology, 271: 105618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105618 |
| Tang, H. M., Wasowski, J., Juang, C. H., 2019. Geohazards in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China-Lessons Learned from Decades of Research. Engineering Geology, 261: 105267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105267 |
| Tian, H. B., Kang, D. C., 2003. Effect of Geometric Factors of Tensile Specimen on Elongation. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 8: 962–965 (in Chinese with English Abstract) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0367-6234.2003.08.018 |
| Wang, G., Zhang, Y. Z., Jiang, Y. J., et al., 2018. Shear Behaviour and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Bolted Rock Joints with Different Roughnesses. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 51(6): 1885–1906. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-018-1438-9 |
| Wang, L. Q., Zhu, L. F., Zheng, L. B., et al., 2021. Shear Test of Bolted Joint Rock Masses Considering Joint Roughness. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 34(6): 38–47 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Wang, X. G., Zhou, J. J., Jia, Z. X., et al., 2016. Shear Tests on Bolted Joint Planes. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 37(S2): 250–256 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Wu, Q., Jiang, Y. F., Tang, H. M., et al., 2020. Experimental and Numerical Studies on the Evolution of Shear Behaviour and Damage of Natural Discontinuities at the Interface between Different Rock Types. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 53: 3721–3744. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-020-02129-9 |
| Wu, Q., Meng, Z., Tang, H. M., et al., 2022. Experimental Investigation on Weakening of Discontinuities at the Interface between Different Rock Types Induced by Wetting and Drying Cycles. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 55(3): 1179–1195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-021-02731-5 |
| Wu, Q., Tang, H. M., Ma, X. H., et al., 2019. Identification of Movement Characteristics and Causal Factors of the Shuping Landslide Based on Monitored Displacements. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 78(3): 2093–2106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-018-1237-2 |
| Wu, T. Y., Jia, J. H., Jiang, N., et al., 2020. Model Test of Deformation Evolution and Multi Factor Prediction of Anchorage Slope Stability under Rainfall Condition. Journal of Earth Science, 31(6): 1109–1120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-020-1343-5 |
| Wu, X. Z., Jiang, Y. J., Gong, B., et al., 2018a. Behaviour of Rock Joint Reinforced by Energy-Absorbing Rock Bolt under Cyclic Shear Loading Condition. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.07.021 |
| Wu, X. Z., Jiang, Y. J., Li. B., 2018b. Influence of Joint Roughness on the Shear Behaviour of Fully Encapsulated Rock Bolt. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 51(3): 953–959. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1365-1 |
| Zhang, S. B., Wang, G., Jiang, Y. J., et al., 2019. Study on Shear Mechanism of Bolted Jointed Rocks: Experiments and CZM-Based FEM Simulations. Applied Sciences, 10(1): 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10010062 |
| Zhang, W. L., Huang, L., Juang, C. H., 2020. An Analytical Model for Estimating the Force and Displacement of Fully Grouted Rock Bolts. Computers and Geotechnics, 117: 103222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103222 |
| Zhang, W. L., Song, Y. H., Huang, L., et al., 2022. Analytical Relations for the Mechanical Properties of Full-Length Bonded Rock Bolts when Subjected to Freeze-Thaw Processes. Computers and Geotechnics, 145: 104667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2022.104667 |
| Zhang, W., Liu, Q. S., 2014. Analysis of Deformation Characteristics of Prestressed Anchor Bolt Based on Shear Test. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 35(8): 2231–2240. https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2014.08.039 |
| Zheng, L. B., Wang, L. Q., Zhu, L. F., 2021b. Analytical Model of Shear Mechanical Behaviour of Bolted Rock Joints Considering Influence of Normal Stress on Bolt Guide Rail Effect. Journal of Central South University, 28(5): 1505–1518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-021-470 0-3 doi: 10.1007/s11771-021-4700-3 |
| Zheng, L. B., Wang, L. Q., Zhu, L. F., et al., 2021a. Experimental Study on the Effect of Locking Mode on Shear Characteristics of Bolted Rock Joint. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 42(4): 1056–1064, 1087 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Zheng, L. B., Wang, L. Q., Zhu, L. F., et al., 2021c. Analytical Model of the Shear Behaviors of Bolted Rough Joints Based on the Dilation Effect and Surface Abrasion. Engineering Geology, 294: 106399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106399 |
| Zou, Z. X., Yan, J. B., Tang, H. M., et al., 2020. A Shear Constitutive Model for Describing the Full Process of the Deformation and Failure of Slip Zone Soil. Engineering Geology, 276: 105766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105766 |
Figures(13) / Tables(8)
Copyright © 2013-2020 Journal of Earth Science 鄂ICP备15021562号-2
Tel: +86-27-67885075 Fax: +86-27-67885075 E-mail: xbb@cug.edu.cn
Address: Editorial Office of Journal, China University of Geosciences, Yujiashan, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
Supported by:
Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd
E-mail:
info@rhhz.net
DownLoad:
