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Volume 34 Issue 6
Dec 2023
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Article Contents
Journal of Earth Science  > 2023  >  34(6): 1762-1776.
Jinyuan Huang, Carlos Martínez-Pérez, Qiyue Zhang, Kexin Zhang, Mao Luo, Wen Wen, Changyong Zhou, Xiao Min, Zhixin Ma, Tao Xie, Michael J. Benton, Philip C. J. Donoghue. Exceptionally Preserved Conodont Natural Assemblages from the Middle Triassic Luoping Biota, Yunnan Province, China: Implications for Architecture of Conodont Feeding Apparatus. Journal of Earth Science, 2023, 34(6): 1762-1776. doi: 10.1007/s12583-022-1793-z
Citation: Jinyuan Huang, Carlos Martínez-Pérez, Qiyue Zhang, Kexin Zhang, Mao Luo, Wen Wen, Changyong Zhou, Xiao Min, Zhixin Ma, Tao Xie, Michael J. Benton, Philip C. J. Donoghue. Exceptionally Preserved Conodont Natural Assemblages from the Middle Triassic Luoping Biota, Yunnan Province, China: Implications for Architecture of Conodont Feeding Apparatus. Journal of Earth Science, 2023, 34(6): 1762-1776. doi: 10.1007/s12583-022-1793-z
shu

Exceptionally Preserved Conodont Natural Assemblages from the Middle Triassic Luoping Biota, Yunnan Province, China: Implications for Architecture of Conodont Feeding Apparatus

doi: 10.1007/s12583-022-1793-z
  • 1.

    Chengdu Center, China Geological Survey (Geosciences Innovation Center of Southwest China), Chengdu 610081, China

  • 2.

    Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity & Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46980 Valencia, Spain

  • 3.

    Institute of Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

  • 4.

    State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China

  • 5.

    School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China

  • 6.

    School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

  • 7.

    School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK

More Information
  • Corresponding author: Jinyuan Huang, hjinyuan69@qq.com
  • Received Date: 22 Jun 2022
  • Accepted Date: 25 Nov 2022
    • Available Online: 08 Dec 2023
  • Issue Publish Date: 30 Dec 2023
    Abstract

  • Articulated natural assemblages contain direct evidence of the element numbers, morphologies, positions and structures for reconstructing the feeding apparatuses of conodont animals, but these kind of materials are very rare in fossil records. Here we report ten new conodont natural assemblages from Member Ⅱ of the Guanling Formation in Luoping County, eastern Yunnan Province, southwestern China. These assemblages were obtained from the fossil-bearing layers of the Luoping Biota, dated to the early Middle Triassic Anisian stage (Pelsonian substage). These fossiliferous laminated limestones mainly consist of calcites and dolomites, with platy clay minerals and pyrites as subordinate components, indicating that the conodont assemblages were preserved in a lower energy and anoxic sedimentary environment. The new natural assemblages preserve the primary collapse orientations of the Nicoraella feeding apparatus from the Luoping Biota, showing the relative original positions of the S, M and P elements, that could be further used to refine the architecture of this apparatus in space variable M elements and the position unclear P1 elements. Integrating previously reported three-dimensional and bilaterally symmetrical fused clusters, we statistically analyze the size of the positional homogenous elements within different sized materials, in particular S4, S3, or S2 elements, indicates that elements ontogenic changes do not affect the apparatus architecture. Architecture of Nicoraella apparatus remains stable in the process of ontogeny, so our reconstructed model is credible. It is the first time that ample types of materials have been used to restore a conodont apparatus within one genus, namely natural assemblages (articulated and disarticulated), fused clusters (articulated, disarticulated, compressed, and relatively three-dimensional), and abundant discrete elements, respectively. These materials together record the most complete information on architecture in the gondolelloid apparatuses, thus enabling us to reconstruct a reliable fifteen-element apparatus and propose it as a standard template for gondolelloid apparatus reconstruction.

     

    • Electronic Supplementary Materials: Supplementary materials Part A Figs. S1–S14 and Table S1; Part B Specimens Descriptions; Part C Apparatus Collapse Simulations for Clusters are available in the online version of this article at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-022-1793-z.
    Conflict of Interest
    The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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