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Journal of Earth Science  > 2023  > Accepted Manuscript
TAHIR Asma, Huazhou Yao, KHAN Junaid, Yangui Li, He Zhao, Yue Yu. First record of Middle Eocene elephant ancestors' footprints in the Gonjo Basin, East Tibet Plateau. Journal of Earth Science. doi: 10.1007/s12583-023-1946-6
Citation: TAHIR Asma, Huazhou Yao, KHAN Junaid, Yangui Li, He Zhao, Yue Yu. First record of Middle Eocene elephant ancestors' footprints in the Gonjo Basin, East Tibet Plateau. Journal of Earth Science. doi: 10.1007/s12583-023-1946-6
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First record of Middle Eocene elephant ancestors' footprints in the Gonjo Basin, East Tibet Plateau

doi: 10.1007/s12583-023-1946-6

  • 1 Institute of Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;

  • 2 China Geological Survey, Wuhan Center, Wuhan 430074, China;

  • 3 State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, China;

  • 4 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS 11 A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China

Funds:

This research work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (92055212) and the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan (GPMR202105).

  • Available Online: 30 Oct 2023
    Abstract
  • It is the first time that the fossil footprints of a group of middle Eocene elephant ancestors have been discovered in the Gonjo Basin, east Tibet Plateau. The Gonjo Formation is attributed to the middle Eocene epoch (U-Pb age = 44.7 ± 1.2 Ma) and consists mainly of purplish-red, medium- to coarse-grained sandstones, siltstones interbedded with mudstones, and conglomerates with sedimentary structures like ripple marks, rip-up clasts, and trough-cross bedding, suggesting fluvial-lacustrine systems. The group of fossil footprints has a characteristic oval-concave shape, and the toe impressions are absent. Some fossil footprints are overstepped with a pockmarked texture resembling Proboscipeda enigmatica. More than 165 fossil footprints of the group are relatively well-preserved with different diameters, which is evidence of highly social behavior and trackmakers of different ages, including calves, juveniles, adolescents, and adults. The size frequency of the fossil footprints enabled us to deduce the body mass, shoulder height, and hip-height distribution of the trackmakers that crossed the east Tibet Plateau 44.7 million years ago. The trackmakers comprised an estimated average hip-height of 111.8 cm, an average shoulder height of 172.8 cm for males/155.9 cm for females, and an average body mass of approximately 1218.1 kg for males/907.8 kg for females. The abundance of fossil footprints reveals that in the middle Eocene epoch, the environment was extraordinarily conducive for the elephant ancestors to live in the East Tibet region.

     

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