Intricate Fault Systems in Longmenshan Structural Belt's Northern End: Exploring Structural Evolution and Seismic Rupture Behavior in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau

Hanyu Huang; Renqi Lu; Dengfa He; Jinliang Gao; Weikang Zhang; Lingyu Kang

doi:10.1007/s12583-024-0049-5

Volume 36 Issue 1

Feb 2025

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Journal of Earth Science > 2025 > 36(1): 250-265.

Hanyu Huang, Renqi Lu, Dengfa He, Jinliang Gao, Weikang Zhang, Lingyu Kang. Intricate Fault Systems in Longmenshan Structural Belt's Northern End: Exploring Structural Evolution and Seismic Rupture Behavior in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Earth Science, 2025, 36(1): 250-265. doi: 10.1007/s12583-024-0049-5

Citation:

Hanyu Huang, Renqi Lu, Dengfa He, Jinliang Gao, Weikang Zhang, Lingyu Kang. Intricate Fault Systems in Longmenshan Structural Belt's Northern End: Exploring Structural Evolution and Seismic Rupture Behavior in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Earth Science, 2025, 36(1): 250-265. doi: 10.1007/s12583-024-0049-5

Citation:

Hanyu Huang, Renqi Lu, Dengfa He, Jinliang Gao, Weikang Zhang, Lingyu Kang. Intricate Fault Systems in Longmenshan Structural Belt's Northern End: Exploring Structural Evolution and Seismic Rupture Behavior in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Earth Science, 2025, 36(1): 250-265. doi: 10.1007/s12583-024-0049-5

PDF( 39796 KB)

Intricate Fault Systems in Longmenshan Structural Belt's Northern End: Exploring Structural Evolution and Seismic Rupture Behavior in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau

doi: 10.1007/s12583-024-0049-5

Hanyu Huang^{1, 2
,},
Renqi Lu^{1
,
,
,},
Dengfa He³,
Jinliang Gao⁴,
Weikang Zhang³,
Lingyu Kang²

1.
State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Institute of Sedimentary Geology, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
3.
College of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
4.
PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China

More Information

Corresponding author: Renqi Lu, lurenqi@163.com
Received Date: 18 Apr 2024
Accepted Date: 24 Jul 2024

Available Online: 10 Feb 2025

Issue Publish Date: 28 Feb 2025

Abstract

Abstract

The Longmenshan structural belt on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau experienced the impactful Mw7.9 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, causing a 350 km surface rupture. Traditional models attribute this to the Beichuan and Pengguan faults, but our research reveals a complex fault system at the northern end, with inconsistencies in surface rupture, aftershock distribution, and focal mechanisms. We integrate shallow geology, active source seismic reflection, and magnetotelluric profiling to establish a deep structural model for the northern end of the Longmenshan structural belt. This area exhibits dominant reverse thrust nappe tectonics, and analyzing the tectonic evolution history provides insights into deformation propagation from the orogenic belt toward the Sichuan Basin. Focal mechanism analysis and relocated aftershock data reveals two distinct types of seismogenic structures in the northern end of the Longmenshan structural belt. In the middle to northern segments, the reverse fault type is attributed to reactivated pre-existing faults. Conversely, at the northern end, the strike-slip fault type originates from high-angle co-seismic rupture cutting through pre-existing reverse faults. This study enhances our understanding of fault complexity and seismic mechanisms in the northeastern Longmenshan structural belt, providing new insights into regional tectonics.
- Longmenshan structural belt,
- fault system,
- structural evolution,
- tectonics,
- earthquakes,
- focal mechanism

Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

FullText(HTML)

References(105)

References

Burchfiel, B. C., Chen, Z. L., Yupinc, L., et al., 1995. Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China. International Geology Review, 37(8): 661–735. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206819509465424

Burchfiel, B. C., Royden, L. H., van der Hilst, R. D., et al., 2008. A Geological and Geophysical Context for the Wenchuan Earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. GSA Today, 18(7): 4. https://doi.org/10.1130/gsatg18a.1

Chen, G. G., Ji, F. J., Zhou, R. J., et al., 2007. Primary Research of Activity Segmentation of Longmenshan Fault Zone since Late-Quaternary. Seismology and Geology, 29(3): 657–673 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Chen, J. L., Zhu, P. M., Yuan, Y. F., et al., 2024. Formation of the Tibetan Plateau during the India-Eurasia Convergence: Insight from 3-D Multi-Terrane Thermomechanical Modeling. Journal of Earth Science, 35(1): 112–130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-023-1931-0

Chen, S. F., Wilson, C. J. L., Worley, B. A., 1995. Tectonic Transition from the Songpan-Garzê Fold Belt to the Sichuan Basin, South-Western China. Basin Research, 7(3): 235–253. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.1995.tb00108.x

Clark, M. K., Royden, L. H., 2000. Topographic Ooze: Building the Eastern Margin of Tibet by Lower Crustal Flow. Geology, 28(8): 703–706. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<703:tobtem>2.0.co;2 doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<703:tobtem>2.0.co;2

Dahlstrom, C. D. A., 1969. Balanced Cross Sections. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 6(4): 743–757. https://doi.org/10.1139/e69-069

Deng, Q., Chen, S. F., Zhao, X. L., 1995. Tectonics, Scismisity and Dynamics of Longmenshan Mountains and Its Adjacent Regions. Chinese Science Abstracts Series B, 3(14): 59 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Deng, Y. F., Zhang, Z. J., Fan, W. M., et al., 2014. Multitaper Spectral Method to Estimate the Elastic Thickness of South China: Implications for Intracontinental Deformation. Geoscience Frontiers, 5(2): 193–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2013.05.002

Druschke, P., Hanson, A. D., Yan, Q. R., et al., 2006. Stratigraphic and U-Pb SHRIMP Detrital Zircon Evidence for a Neoproterozoic Continental Arc, Central China: Rodinia Implications. The Journal of Geology, 114(5): 627–636. https://doi.org/10.1086/506162

Fan, C., Wang, E. Q., Wang, G., et al., 2008. Dextral Strike-Slip and Tectonic Transformation of the Northern Longmen Shan Fault Belt from Late Neogene: A Case Study from the Qingchuan Fault. Chinese Journal of Geology (Scientia Geologica Sinica), 43(3): 417–433 (in Chinese with English Abstract).

Fan, X. M., Juang, C. H., Wasowski, J., et al., 2018. What we Have Learned from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Its Aftermath: A Decade of Research and Challenges. Engineering Geology, 241: 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.05.004

Feng, C. J., Chen, Q. C., Tan, C. X., et al., 2014. The Stress State of the Beichuan-Jiangyou Segment of the Longmenshan Fault before and after the Wenchuan M_S 8.0 Earthquake. Journal of Earth Science, 25(5): 861–870. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-014-0473-z

Gao, F., Pei, X. Z., Li, R. B., et al., 2020. Further Constraints on a Neoproterozoic Active Continental Margin from Sandstones of the Hengdan Group in the Bikou Terrane, Northwestern Margin of the Yangtze Block, South China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 203: 104514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2020.104514

Geiser, P. A., 1988. The Role of Kinematics in the Construction and Analysis of Geological Cross Sections in Deformed Terranes. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 222: 47–76. https://doi.org/10.1130/spe222-p47

Guo, X. Y., Gao, R., Randy Keller, G., et al., 2013. Imaging the Crustal Structure beneath the Eastern Tibetan Plateau and Implications for the Uplift of the Longmen Shan Range. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 379: 72–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.08.005

He, X., Zhao, L. F., Xie, X. B., et al., 2021. Weak Crust in Southeast Tibetan Plateau Revealed by Lg-Wave Attenuation Tomography: Implications for Crustal Material Escape. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 126(3): e2020JB020748. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jb020748

He, Z. L., Li, S. J., Li, Y. Q., et al., 2022. Multi-Directional and Multiphase Tectonic Modification, and Hydrocarbon Differential Enrichment in the Middle-Upper Yangtze Region. Journal of Earth Science, 33(5): 1246–1259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-022-1738-6

Huang, H. Y., Mei, Q. H., He, D. F., et al., 2021. Multi-Level Detachment Deformation of the West Segment of the South Dabashan Fold-and-Thrust Belt, South China: Insights from Seismic-Reflection Profiling. Frontiers in Earth Science, 9: 354. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.633816

Huang, R. Q., Li, W. L., 2008. Research on Development and Distribution Rules of Geohazards Induced by Wenchuan Earthquake on 12th May, 2008. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27(12): 2585–2592 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Huang, Z. C., Ji, C., Wu, H., 2021. Review on the Crustal Structures and Deformations in the Southeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Reviews of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, 52(3): 291–307

Hubbard, J., Shaw, J. H., 2009. Uplift of the Longmen Shan and Tibetan Plateau, and the 2008 Wenchuan (M = 7.9) Earthquake. Nature, 458(7235): 194–197. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07837

Hubbard, J., Shaw, J. H., Klinger, Y., 2010. Structural Setting of the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan, China, Earthquake. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 100(5B): 2713–2735. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090341

Ji, H. M., Ren, Z. K., Liu, J. R., 2024. Review of Structural Deformation in the Upper Crust of the Southeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau since the Late Cenozoic. Earth Science, 49(2): 480–499. https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.48.4.287 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Jia, D., Li, Y. Q., Lin, A. M., et al., 2010. Structural Model of 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake in the Rejuvenated Longmen Shan Thrust Belt, China. Tectonophysics, 491(1/2/3/4): 174–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.08.040

Jin, W., Wan, G., Wang, J., et al., 2011. Deformation Types of Detachment Structure. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition), 33(5): 9–13 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Kirby, E., Reiners, P. W., Krol, M. A., et al., 2002. Late Cenozoic Evolution of the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau: Inferences from ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar and (U-Th)/He Thermochronology. Tectonics, 21(1): 1001. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000tc001246

Kong, F. S., Wu, J., Liu, K. H., et al., 2016. Crustal Anisotropy and Ductile Flow beneath the Eastern Tibetan Plateau and Adjacent Areas. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 442: 72–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.03.003

Li, C. Y., Li, X. N., Wei, Z. Y., 2019. Fault Geometries and Structures Associated with the Rupture Endpoints of the 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake, Eastern Tibet Plateau, China. Tectonics, 38(7): 2161–2184. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018tc005425

Li, C. Y., Song, F. M., Ran, Y. K., 2004. Late Quaternary Activity and Age Constraint of the Northern Longmenshan Fault Zone. Seismology and Geology, 26(2): 248–258 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Li, C. Y., Wei, Z. Y., Ye, J. Q., et al., 2010. Amounts and Styles of Coseismic Deformation along the Northern Segment of Surface Rupture, of the 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 Earthquake, China. Tectonophysics, 491(1/2/3/4): 35–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.09.023

Li, H. B., Wang, H., Xu, Z. Q., et al., 2013. Characteristics of the Fault-Related Rocks, Fault Zones and the Principal Slip Zone in the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling Project Hole-1 (WFSD-1). Tectonophysics, 584: 23–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.08.021

Li, H., 2008. Co-Seismic Surface Rupture and Dextral-Slip Oblique Thrusting of the Ms 8.9 Wenchuan Earthquake. Acta Geologica Sinica, 82: 1623–1643 (in Chinese with English Abstract).

Li, H., Si, J., Pei, J., et al., 2010b. Investigating the Surface Rupture Process of the Wenchuan Earthquake (Ms 8.0). Quaternary Sciences, 30(4): 677–698

Li, J., Liu, C. L., Zheng, Y., et al., 2017. Rupture Process of the Ms 7.0 Lushan Earthquake Determined by Joint Inversion of Local Static GPS Records, Strong Motion Data, and Teleseismograms. Journal of Earth Science, 28(2): 404–410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-017-0757-1

Li, J., Zhang, Y. Q., Xiong, J. H., et al., 2016. Cenozoic Structural Deformation and Strike-Slip Kinematic Transformation of the Qingchuan Fault, in the Southern Margin of Qinling. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 40(3): 405–418

Li, M. K., Zhang, S. X., Zhang, C. Y., et al., 2015. Fault Slip Model of 2013 Lushan Earthquake Retrieved Based on GPS Coseismic Displacements. Journal of Earth Science, 26(4): 537–547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-015-0557-4

Li, Y. Q., 2018. Geological Structure and Genetic Mechanism of Longmenshan and Sichuan Basin Junction Zone: [Dissertation]. China University of Geosciences, Beijing. 1–169 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Li, Y. Q., Lu, R. Q., He, D. F., et al., 2019. Transformation of Coseismic Faults in the Northern Longmenshan Tectonic Belt, Eastern Tibetan Plateau: Implications for Potential Earthquakes and Seismic Risks. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 177: 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2019.03.013

Li, Y., Zhou, R. J., Densmore, A. L., et al., 2006. The Geology of the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Geological Publishing House, Beijing. 1–168 (in Chinese)

Li, Z. W., Liu, S. G., Chen, H. D., et al., 2008. Structural Segmentation and Zonation and Differential Deformation across and along the Lomgmen Thrust Belt, West Sichuan. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition), 35(4): 440–454. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2008.04.014 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Li, Z. W., Liu, S. G., Chen, H. D., et al., 2012. Spatial Variation in Meso-Cenozoic Exhumation History of the Longmen Shan Thrust Belt (Eastern Tibetan Plateau) and the Adjacent Western Sichuan Basin: Constraints from Fission Track Thermochronology. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 47: 185–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.10.016

Liang, M. J., Ran, Y. K., Wang, H., et al., 2018. A Possible Tectonic Response between the Qingchuan Faultand the Beichuan-Yingxiu Fault of the Longmen Shan Fault Zone? Evidence from Geologic Observations by Paleoseismic Trenching and Radiocarbon Dating. Tectonics, 37(10): 4086–4096. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017TC004949

Liu, H. L., Pei, S. P., Liu, W., et al., 2024. Crustal and Upper Mantle Attenuation Structure beneath the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau and Its Implications on Plateau Outgrowth. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 129(2): e2023JB026977. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JB026977

Liu, Q. Y., van der Hilst, R. D., Li, Y., et al., 2014. Eastward Expansion of the Tibetan Plateau by Crustal Flow and Strain Partitioning across Faults. Nature Geoscience, 7(5): 361–365. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2130

Liu, S. G., Deng, B., Jansa, L., et al., 2018. Multi-Stage Basin Development and Hydrocarbon Accumulations: A Review of the Sichuan Basin at Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Earth Science, 29(2): 307–325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-017-0904-8

Liu, S. G., Luo, Z., L., Dai, S. L., et al., 1996. The Uplift of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt and Subsidence of the West Sichuan Foreland Basin. Acta Geologica Sinica-english Edition, 9: 16–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1755-6724.1996.MP9001002.X (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Liu, S., 1993. The Formation and Evolution of Longmenshan Thrust Zone and Western Sichuan Foreland Basin, Sichuan, China. Press of Chengdu University of Science and Technology, Chengdu (in Chinese)

Liu, S., Li, Z., Cao, J., et al., 2009. 4D Textural and Structural Characteristics of Longmen Intracontinental Composite Orogenic Belt, Southwest China. Chinese Journal of Geology, 44(4): 1151–1179

Liu-Zeng, J., Zhang, Z., Wen, L., et al., 2009. Co-Seismic Ruptures of the 12 may 2008, Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan: East-West Crustal Shortening on Oblique, Parallel Thrusts along the Eastern Edge of Tibet. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 286(3/4): 355–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.07.017

Lu, R. Q., He, D. F., John, S., et al., 2014. Structural Model of the Central Longmen Shan Thrusts Using Seismic Reflection Profiles: Implications for the Sediments and Deformations since the Mesozoic. Tectonophysics, 630: 43–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2014.05.003

Lu, R. Q., He, D. F., Suppe, J., et al., 2012. Along-Strike Variation of the Frontal Zone Structural Geometry of the Central Longmen Shan Thrust Belt Revealed by Seismic Reflection Profiles. Tectonophysics, 580: 178–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.09.018

Lu, R. Q., He, D. F., Xu, X. W., et al., 2019a. Geometry and Kinematics of Buried Structures in the Piedmont of the Central Longmen Shan: Implication for the Growth of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. Journal of the Geological Society, 176(2): 323–333. https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2018-015

Lu, R. Q., Liu, Y. D., Xu, X. W., et al., 2019b. Three-Dimensional Model of the Lithospheric Structure under the Eastern Tibetan Plateau: Implications for the Active Tectonics and Seismic Hazards. Tectonics, 38(4): 1292–1307. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018tc005239

Lu, R. Q., Xu, X. W., He, D. F., et al., 2017. Seismotectonics of the 2013 Lushan Mw 6.7 Earthquake: Inversion Tectonics in the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Geophysical Research Letters, 44(16): 8236–8243. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gl074296

Lü, S., Yan, D. P., Wang, Y., et al., 2010. Geochemical and Geochronological Constraints on the Mashan and Mupi Plutons in the South Qinling Orogenic Belt: Implications for Tectonic Nature of the Bikou Terrane. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 26(6): 1889–1901 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Matsushita, R., Imanishi, K., Ohtani, M., et al., 2020. Seismic Potential around the Northeastern Edge of the Longmenshan Fault Zone as Inferred from Seismological Observations. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 177(1): 37–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-019-02098-3

Nakamura, T., Tsuboi, S., Kaneda, Y., et al., 2010. Rupture Process of the 2008 Wenchuan, China Earthquake Inferred from Teleseismic Waveform Inversion and Forward Modeling of Broadband Seismic Waves. Tectonophysics, 491(1/2/3/4): 72–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.09.020

Parker, R. N., Densmore, A. L., Rosser, N. J., et al., 2011. Mass Wasting Triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake Is Greater than Orogenic Growth. Nature Geoscience, 4(7): 449–452. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1154

Parsons, T., Ji, C., Kirby, E., 2008. Stress Changes from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Increased Hazard in the Sichuan Basin. Nature, 454(7203): 509–510. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07177

Qin, J. F., Lai, S. C., Li, Y. F., 2005. Petrogenesis and Geological Significance of Yangba Granodiorites from Bikou Area, Northern Margin of Yangtze Plate. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 21(3): 697–710 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Ran, Y. K., Chen, L. C., Chen, J., et al., 2010. Paleoseismic Evidence and Repeat Time of Large Earthquakes at Three Sites along the Longmenshan Fault Zone. Tectonophysics, 491(1/2/3/4): 141–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2010.01.009

Ran, Y. K., Chen, W. S., Xu, X. W., et al., 2014. Late Quaternary Paleoseismic Behavior and Rupture Segmentation of the Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault along the Longmen Shan Fault Zone, China. Tectonics, 33(11): 2218–2232. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014TC003649

Royden, L. H., Burchfiel, B. C., King, R. W., et al., 1997. Surface Deformation and Lower Crustal Flow in Eastern Tibet. Science, 276(5313): 788–790. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5313.788

Royden, L. H., Burchfiel, B. C., van der Hilst, R. D., 2008. The Geological Evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. Science, 321(5892): 1054–1058. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1155371

Shan, B., Xiong, X., Zheng, Y., et al., 2013. Stress Changes on Major Faults Caused by 2013 Lushan Earthquake and Its Relationship with 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. Science China (Earth Sciences), 56(7): 1169–1176 (in Chinese with English Abstract) doi: 10.1007/s11430-013-4642-1

Shen, Z. K., Sun, J. B., Zhang, P. Z., et al., 2009. Slip Maxima at Fault Junctions and Rupturing of Barriers during the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. Nature Geoscience, 2(10): 718–724. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo636

Sun, H. Y., He, H. L., Ikeda, Y., et al., 2015. Holocene Paleoearthquake History on the Qingchuan Fault in the Northeastern Segment of the Longmenshan Thrust Zone and Its Implications. Tectonophysics, 660: 92–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2015.08.022

Sun, X. Y., Zhan, Y., Chen, X. B., et al., 2017. Seismogenic Context of the Jiuzhaigou Ms7.0 Earthquake in Sichuan Province Inferred from Three-Dimensional Magneto-Telluric Imaging. The 13th China International Geo-Electromagnetic Workshop, November 9–2, Wuhan

Sun, X. Y., Zhan, Y., Unsworth, M., et al., 2020. 3-D Magnetotelluric Imaging of the Easternmost Kunlun Fault: Insights into Strain Partitioning and the Seismotectonics of the Jiuzhaigou Ms7.0 Earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research (Solid Earth), 125(5): e2020JB019731. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB019731

Tan, X. B., Xu, X. W., Lee, Y. H., et al., 2017. Late Cenozoic Thrusting of Major Faults along the Central Segment of Longmen Shan, Eastern Tibet: Evidence from Low-Temperature Thermochronology. Tectonophysics, 712: 145–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2017.05.016

Tang, L. J., Yang, K. M., Jin, W. Z., et al., 2008. Multi-Level Decollement Zones and Detachment Deformation of Longmenshan Thrust Belt, Sichuan Basin, Southwest China. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 51(Suppl 2): 32–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-008-6014-9

Tao, W., Hu, C. B., Wan, Y. G., et al., 2011. Dynamic Modeling of Thrust Earthquake on Listric Fault and Its Inference to Study of Wenchuan Earthquake. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 54(5): 1260–1269 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Teng, J. W., Bai, D. H., Yang, H., et al., 2009. Deep Processes and Dynamic Responses Associated with the Wenchuan Ms8.0 Earthquake of 2008. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 52(1): 260–276. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjg2.1347

Wang, E., Meng, Q., Chen, Z., 2001. Early Mesozoic Left-Lateral Movement along the Longmen Shan Fault Belt and Its Tectonic Implications. Earth Science Frontiers, 8(2): 375–384

Wang, M. M., Jia, D., Shaw, J. H., et al., 2014. The 2013 Lushan Earthquake: Implications for Seismic Hazards Posed by the Range Front Blind Thrust in the Sichuan Basin, China. Geology, 42(10): 915–918. https://doi.org/10.1130/g35809.1

Wang, Q., Qiao, X. J., Lan, Q. G., et al., 2011. Rupture of Deep Faults in the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Uplift of the Longmen Shan. Nature Geoscience, 4(9): 634–640. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1210

Wang, X. B., Luo, W., Zhang, G., et al., 2013. Electrical Resistivity Structure of Longmenshan Crust-Mantle under Sector Boundary. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 56(8): 2718–2727 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Wang, X. B., Zhang, G., Fang, H., et al., 2014. Crust and Upper Mantle Resistivity Structure at Middle Section of Longmenshan, Eastern Tibetan Plateau. Tectonophysics, 619: 143–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2013.09.011

Wang, X. B., Zhu, Y. T., Zhao, X. K., et al., 2009. Deep Conductivity Characteristics of the Longmen Shan, Eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 52(2): 564–571 (in Chinese with English Abstract).

Wang, X. C., Li, X. H., Li, W. X., et al., 2008. The Bikou Basalts in the Northwestern Yangtze Block, South China: Remnants of 820-810 Ma Continental Flood Basalts? Geological Society of America Bulletin, 120(11/12): 1478–1492. https://doi.org/10.1130/B26310.1

Wang, Z., Su, J. R., Liu, C. X., et al., 2015. New Insights into the Generation of the 2013 Lushan Earthquake (Ms 7.0), China. Journal of Geophysical Research (Solid Earth), 120(5): 3507–3526. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011692

Wilson, C. J. L., Harrowfield, M. J., Reid, A. J., 2006. Brittle Modification of Triassic Architecture in Eastern Tibet: Implications for the Construction of the Cenozoic Plateau. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 27(3): 341–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2005.04.004

Worley, B. A., Wilson, C. J. L., 1996. Deformation Partitioning and Foliation Reactivation during Transpressional Orogenesis, an Example from the Central Longmen Shan, China. Journal of Structural Geology, 18(4): 395–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(95)00095-U

Wu, C., Li, H. B., Leloup, P. H., et al., 2014. High-Angle Fault Responsible for the Surface Ruptures along the Northern Segment of the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Zone: Evidence from the Latest Seismic Reflection Profiles. Tectonophysics, 619: 159–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2013.09.015

Xu, C., Liu, Y., Wen, Y., et al., 2010. Coseismic Slip Distribution of the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake from Joint Inversion of GPS and InSAR Data. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 100(5B): 2736–2749. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090253

Xu, C., Yan, D., Gu, S., et al., 2018. Deformation Sequence and Geochronological Constraints on the Metamorphism of the Bikou Terrane, Northwestern Margin of the Yangtze Block. Earth Science Frontiers, 25(1): 80. https://doi.org/10.13745/J.ESF.YX.2017-5-14

Xu, X. W., Wen, X. Z., Yu, G. H., et al., 2009. Coseismic Reverse- and Oblique-Slip Surface Faulting Generated by the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake, China. Geology, 37(6): 515–518. https://doi.org/10.1130/g25462a.1

Xu, X. Y., Xia, Z. C., Xia, L. Q., 2002. Volcanic Cycles of the Bikou Group and Their Tectonic Implications. Regional Geology of China, 21(8/9): 478–485 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Xu, Z. Q., Li, H. B., Wu, Z. L., 2008. Wenchuan Earthquake and Scientific Drilling. Acta Geologica Sinica, 82(12): 1613–1622

Xue, L., Li, H. B., Brodsky, E. E., et al., 2013. Continuous Permeability Measurements Record Healing Inside the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Zone. Science, 340(6140): 1555–1559. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1237237

Yan, D. P., Zhou, M. F., Li, S. B., et al., 2011. Structural and Geochronological Constraints on the Mesozoic–Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Longmen Shan Thrust Belt, Eastern Tibetan Plateau. Tectonics, 30(6): TC6005. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011TC002867

Yan, D. P., Zhou, Y., Qiu, L., et al., 2018. The Longmenshan Tectonic Complex and Adjacent Tectonic Units in the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau: A Review. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 164: 33–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2018.06.017

Yan, Q. R., Hanson, A., Wang, Z. Q., et al., 2004. Geochemistry and Tectonic Setting of the Bikou Volcanic Terrane on the Northern Margin of the Yangtze Plate. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 23(1): 1–11 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Yang, Z., Shen, C. B., Ratschbacher, L., et al., 2017. Sichuan Basin and Beyond: Eastward Foreland Growth of the Tibetan Plateau from an Integration of Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic Fission Track and (U-Th)/He Ages of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau, Qinling, and Daba Shan. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 122(6): 4712–4740. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jb013751

Yao, L., Ma, S. L., Chen, J. Y., et al., 2018. Flash Heating and Local Fluid Pressurization Lead to Rapid Weakening in Water-Saturated Fault Gouges. Journal of Geophysical Research (Solid Earth), 123(10): 9084–9100. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB016132

Yi, G. X., Long, F., Zhang, Z. W., 2012. Spatial and Temporal Variation of Focal Mechanisms for Aftershocks of the 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 55(4): 1213–1227 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Yin, Y. P., Wang, F. W., Sun, P., 2009. Landslide Hazards Triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan, China. Landslides, 6(2): 139–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-009-0148-5

Yu, C. Q., Feng, Y. Y., Qu, C., et al., 2018. Deep Structure and Reflection Seismic Characteristics in the Northern Section of Longmen Shan Fault Zone. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 61(5): 2038–2053 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Zhang, P. Z., Wen, X. Z., Shen, Z. K., et al., 2010. Oblique, High-Angle, Listric-Reverse Faulting and Associated Development of Strain: The Wenchuan Earthquake of May 12, 2008, Sichuan, China. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 38: 353–382. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-040809-152602

Zhang, P. Z., Xu, X. W., Wen, X. Z., et al., 2008. Slip Rates and Recurrence Intervals of the Longmen Shan Active Fault Zone, and Tectonic Implications for the Mechanism of the May 12 Wenchuan Earthquake, 2008, Sichuan. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 51(4): 1066–1073. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2008.04.015 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Zhang, Y., Feng, W. P., Xu, L. S., et al., 2009. Spatio-Temporal Rupture Process of the 2008 Great Wenchuan Earthquake. Science in China (Series D: Earth Sciences), 52(2): 145–154 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Zhao, C. P., Chen, Z. L., Zhou, L. Q., et al., 2010. Rupture Process of the Wenchuan M8.0 Earthquake of Sichuan, China: The Segmentation Feature. Chinese Science Bulletin, 55(3): 284–292 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Zhao, G., Unsworth, M. J., Zhan, Y., et al., 2012. Crustal Structure and Rheology of the Longmenshan and Wenchuan Mw 7.9 Earthquake Epicentral Area from Magnetotelluric Data. Geology, 40(12): 1139–1142. https://doi.org/10.1130/G33703.1

Zhao, L. Z., Zhang, G. R., Chen, W., et al., 2018. Key Seismic Survey Technologies for Deep Complex Geological Structures: A Case Study of the Northern Section of the Longmenshan Fault Fold Belt in the Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Industry, 38(1): 39–48 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Relative Articles

Supplements(0)

Cited By

Proportional views