Water-Soluble Organic Acids at Deep-Ultradeep Depth in Chinese Sedimentary Basins: Experimental Results and Geological Significances

Pengpeng Li; Quanyou Liu; Zheng Zhou; Jing Li; Shixin Zhou

doi:10.1007/s12583-024-0113-1

Volume 36 Issue 6

Dec 2025

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Journal of Earth Science > 2025 > 36(6): 2546-2560.

Pengpeng Li, Quanyou Liu, Zheng Zhou, Jing Li, Shixin Zhou. Water-Soluble Organic Acids at Deep-Ultradeep Depth in Chinese Sedimentary Basins: Experimental Results and Geological Significances. Journal of Earth Science, 2025, 36(6): 2546-2560. doi: 10.1007/s12583-024-0113-1

Citation:

Pengpeng Li, Quanyou Liu, Zheng Zhou, Jing Li, Shixin Zhou. Water-Soluble Organic Acids at Deep-Ultradeep Depth in Chinese Sedimentary Basins: Experimental Results and Geological Significances. Journal of Earth Science, 2025, 36(6): 2546-2560. doi: 10.1007/s12583-024-0113-1

Citation:

Pengpeng Li, Quanyou Liu, Zheng Zhou, Jing Li, Shixin Zhou. Water-Soluble Organic Acids at Deep-Ultradeep Depth in Chinese Sedimentary Basins: Experimental Results and Geological Significances. Journal of Earth Science, 2025, 36(6): 2546-2560. doi: 10.1007/s12583-024-0113-1

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Water-Soluble Organic Acids at Deep-Ultradeep Depth in Chinese Sedimentary Basins: Experimental Results and Geological Significances

doi: 10.1007/s12583-024-0113-1

Pengpeng Li^{1, 2, 3
,},
Quanyou Liu^{1, 2
,
,
,},
Zheng Zhou^4
,,
Jing Li^2
,,
Shixin Zhou^{2
,
,
,}

1.
Institute of Energy, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
3.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4.
Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, UK

More Information

Corresponding author: Quanyou Liu, liuqy@pku.edu.cn; Shixin Zhou, zhoushixin@nieer.ac.cn
Received Date: 22 Jun 2024
Accepted Date: 07 Nov 2024
Issue Publish Date: 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

Abstract

Water-soluble organic acid anions (WSOAA) in subsurface water have been intensively studied during past several decades. They are used as natural gas precursor, tracer for the movement of underground fluid, indicator for porosity improvement, and detecter of deep subsurface life on the Earth. However, little is known about the distributions and origins of organic acids at deep-ultradeep depth underground. Herein, we collected twenty-nine source rock samples covering a wide maturity range from the Ordos, Qinshui, Junggar, Minhe, and Southern North China basins, as well as six subsurface water samples with depth between 6 544 and 8 396 m from industrial gas producing wells in the Tarim Basin, China. We carried out pyrolysis experiments at various temperatures (250–450 ℃) to investigate the role of water on the generation of organic acids. Results show that there are considerable amounts of WSOAA detected in both high-over mature source rocks and deep-ultradeep subsurface water. WSOAA mainly consists of monocarboxylates, predominately formate and acetate. High-TOC oil-generating source rock has low production rate of organic acids due to lack of hydrogen. Different source rocks have distinct ratios of formate to acetate concentration, expressed as c(formate)/c(acetate), which is due to significant differences in both initial molecular structure and metabolite. This indicates that c(formate)/c(acetate) can be used to distinguish types of organic matters (OMs). Concentrations of WSOAA show a "sharp decrease-slight increase-slow decrease" evolution trend with progressive maturity. Moreover, there are higher production rates of organic acids under hydrous pyrolysis experiments at ≥400 ℃. All geochemical signatures indicate that at both deep-ultradeep depth and high-over mature stages, the formation of organic acids is attributed to the thermochemical oxidation of organic components by mainly hydroxyl radicals, challenging the traditional model of organic acid evolution. This work suggests that petroleum exploration can be extended to great depths in sedimentary basins, when formation temperatures are not exceeding 230 ℃.
- water-soluble organic acids,
- high-over mature stages,
- deep-ultradeep zone,
- thermochemical oxidation of organic components,
- hydroxyl radicals,
- petroleum geology

Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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References(106)

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