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Ai Zhang, Qian Fang, Hanlie Hong, Shi Cheng, Jiawei Wang, Hetang Hei. Migration characteristics of trace elements during the weathering processes of basalt and granite under different climatic conditions in Southern China. Journal of Earth Science. doi: 10.1007/s12583-025-0363-6
Citation: Ai Zhang, Qian Fang, Hanlie Hong, Shi Cheng, Jiawei Wang, Hetang Hei. Migration characteristics of trace elements during the weathering processes of basalt and granite under different climatic conditions in Southern China. Journal of Earth Science. doi: 10.1007/s12583-025-0363-6
shu

Migration characteristics of trace elements during the weathering processes of basalt and granite under different climatic conditions in Southern China

doi: 10.1007/s12583-025-0363-6

  • 1. School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China

  • 2. State Key Laboratory of Geomicrobiology and Environmental Changes, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

Funds:

This study was supported by the NSFC (Nos. 42172045, 41972040, 42472064) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (No. CUG170106).

  • Available Online: 25 Aug 2025
    Abstract
  • This study compared the trace elements migration characteristics in three typical weathering profiles: basalts in Hainan and Yunnan, and granite in Hubei. Results show that under Hainan's extreme weathering (high temperature and heavy rainfall), trace elements are almost all in the leaching state. In the Yunnan profile, characterized by a relatively dry-cold climate and moderate weathering intensity, Zr, Hf, and Th exhibit enrichment in the upper layers, while Rb, Sr, Ba, and Cs show pronounced enrichment throughout the entire profile, particularly in the topsoil. This distribution pattern likely reflects adsorption by secondary minerals. The Hubei granite profile, which exhibits a weathering intensity between that of Hainan and Yunnan, shows enrichment of Zr, Hf, and Th, but leaching of Ta. Alkali and alkaline earth elements such as Rb, Sr, Ba, and Cs are generally depleted. Heavy metals including Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Zn are predominantly leached, with the exception of Pb enrichment in the Yunnan profile and Cu and Zn enrichment in the Hubei profile—likely due to adsorption by secondary Fe-Mn oxides. In all profiles, rare earth elements (REEs) exhibit a pattern of depletion in the upper layers under strong leaching conditions (associated with low pH), followed by downward migration. This behavior is regulated by the intensity of chemical weathering, the presence of surface organic matter, and adsorption by secondary clay minerals and Fe-Mn oxides. Negative δEu anomalies in the Hainan and Yunnan profiles may reflect plagioclase weathering and dissolution, whereas in the Hubei granite profile, the relatively positive Eu anomaly compared to the bedrock could possibly be attributed to Eu adsorption by secondary minerals following plagioclase dissolution.

     

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