|
Aki, K., 1965. Maximum Likelihood Estimate of b in the Formula log N = a-bM and Its Confidence Limits. Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst., 43: 237–239 |
|
Albino, F., Sigmundsson, F., 2014. Stress Transfer between Magma Bodies: Influence of Intrusions Prior to 2010 Eruptions at Eyjafjallajökull Volcano, Iceland. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 119(4): 2964c2975. https://doi.org/10.10 02/2013jb010510 doi: 10.1002/2013jb010510 |
|
Árnadóttir, T., Jiang, W. P., Feigl, K. L., et al., 2006. Kinematic Models of Plate Boundary Deformation in Southwest Iceland Derived from GPS Observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 111(B7): 2005JB003907. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jb003907 |
|
Bagnardi, M., Hooper, A., 2018. Inversion of Surface Deformation Data for Rapid Estimates of Source Parameters and Uncertainties: A Bayesian Approach. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 19(7): 2194–2211. https://doi.org/10. 1029/2018gc007585 |
|
Bindeman, I. N., Deegan, F. M., Troll, V. R., et al., 2022. Diverse Mantle Components with Invariant Oxygen Isotopes in the 2021 Fagradalsfjall Eruption, Iceland. Nature Communications, 13: 3737. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31348-7 |
|
Björnsson, S., Einarsson, P., Tulinius, H., et al., 2020. Seismicity of the Reykjanes Peninsula 1971–1976. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 391: 106369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.04.026 |
|
Cao, A. M., Gao, S. S., 2002. Temporal Variation of Seismic b-Values beneath Northeastern Japan Island Arc. Geophysical Research Letters, 29(9): 48-1–48-3. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gl013775 |
|
Caracciolo, A., Bali, E., Halldórsson, S. A., et al., 2023. Magma Plumbing Architectures and Timescales of Magmatic Processes during Historical Magmatism on the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 621: 118378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118378 |
|
Clifton, A. E., Kattenhorn, S. A., 2006. Structural Architecture of a Highly Oblique Divergent Plate Boundary Segment. Tectonophysics, 419: 27–40 doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2006.03.016 |
|
Coggan, J. S., Stead, D., Howe, J. H., et al., 2013. Mineralogical Controls on the Engineering Behavior of Hydrothermally Altered Granites under Uniaxial Compression. Engineering Geology, 160: 89–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.04.001 |
|
Costantini, M., 1998. A Novel Phase Unwrapping Method Based on Network Programming. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 36(3): 813–821. https://doi.org/10.1109/36.67 3674 doi: 10.1109/36.673674 |
|
Cubuk-Sabuncu, Y., Jónsdóttir, K., Caudron, C., et al., 2021. Temporal Seismic Velocity Changes during the 2020 Rapid Inflation at Mt. Þorbjörn-Svartsengi, Iceland, Using Seismic Ambient Noise. Geophysical Research Letters, 48(11): e2020GL092265. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl092265 |
|
Day, J. M. D., Kelly, S., Troll, V. R., et al., 2024. Deep Crustal Assimilation during the 2021 Fagradalsfjall Fires, Iceland. Nature, 632(8025): 564–569. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-02 4-07750-0 doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07750-0 |
|
de Pascale, G. P., Fischer, T. J., Moreland, W. M., et al., 2024. On the Move: 2023 Observations on Real Time Graben Formation, Grindavík, Iceland. Geophysical Research Letters, 51: e2024GL110150. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl110150 |
|
Duclaux, G., Huismans, R. S., May, D. A., 2020. Rotation, Narrowing, and Preferential Reactivation of Brittle Structures during Oblique Rifting. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 531: 115952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115952 |
|
Ducrocq, C., Árnadóttir, T., Einarsson, P., et al., 2024. Widespread Fracture Movements during a Volcano-Tectonic Unrest: The Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland, from 2019–2021 TerraSAR-X Interferometry. Bulletin of Volcanology, 86(2): 14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-023-01699-0 |
|
Dziewonski, A. M., Chou, T. A., Woodhouse, J. H., 1981. Determination of Earthquake Source Parameters from Waveform Data for Studies of Global and Regional Seismicity. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 86(B4): 2825–2852. https://doi.org/10.1029/jb086ib04p02825 |
|
Ekström, G., Nettles, M., Dziewoński, A. M., 2012. The Global CMT Project 2004–2010: Centroid-Moment Tensors for 13, 017 Earthquakes. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 200/201: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2012.04.002 |
|
Fischer, T., Hrubcová, P., Salama, A., et al., 2022. Swarm Seismicity Illuminates Stress Transfer Prior to the 2021 Fagradalsfjall Eruption in Iceland. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 594: 117685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117685 |
|
Flóvenz, Ó. G., Wang, R. J., Hersir, G. P., et al., 2022. Cyclical Geothermal Unrest as a Precursor to Iceland's 2021 Fagradalsfjall Eruption. Nature Geoscience, 15(5): 397–404. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-00930-5 |
|
Glastonbury-Southern, E., Winder, T., Rawlinson, N., et al., 2025. Pre-Existing Structures Control the Orientation of Strike-Slip Faulting during the 2021 Dike Intrusion at Fagradalsfjall, Iceland. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 130(6): e2024JB030162. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jb030162 |
|
Glazner, A. F., McNutt, S. R., 2021. Relationship between Dike Injection and b-Value for Volcanic Earthquake Swarms. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 126(12): e2020JB021631. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jb021631 |
|
Goldstein, R. M., Werner, C. L., 1998. Radar Interferogram Filtering for Geophysical Applications. Geophysical Research Letters, 25(21): 4035–4038. https://doi.org/10.1029/1998gl900033 |
|
Greenfield, T., Winder, T., Rawlinson, N., et al., 2022. Deep Long Period Seismicity Preceding and during the 2021 Fagradalsfjall Eruption, Iceland. Bull. Volcanol, 84: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1 007/s00445-022-01603-2 doi: 10.1007/s00445-022-01603-2 |
|
Greiner, S. H. M., 2025. The Influence of Pre-Existing Fractures and Tectonic Stress on Magmatic Dikes: [Dissertation]. University of Iceland, Reykjavik |
|
Gudmundsson, A., 2006. How Local Stresses Control Magma-Chamber Ruptures, Dyke Injections, and Eruptions in Composite Volcanoes. Earth-Science Reviews, 79(1/2): 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2006.06.006 |
|
Gudmundsson, A., 2016. The Mechanics of Large Volcanic Eruptions. Earth-Science Reviews, 163: 72–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.10.003 |
|
Gudmundsson, A., 2025. Multiple Dikes Make Eruptions Easy. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 460: 108284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108284 |
|
Gutmann, B., Weber, H., 2000. Phase Unwrapping with the Branch-Cut Method: Role of Phase-Field Direction. Applied Optics, 39(26): 4802. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.39.004802 |
|
Hjartardóttir, Á. R., Dürig, T., Parks, M., et al., 2023. Pre-Existing Fractures and Eruptive Vent Openings during the 2021 Fagradalsfjall Eruption, Iceland. Bulletin of Volcanology, 85(10): 56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-023-01670-z |
|
Hooper, A., Segall, P., Zebker, H., 2007. Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar for Crustal Deformation Analysis, with Application to Volcán Alcedo, Galápagos. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 112(B7): 2006JB004763. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jb004763 |
|
Hooper, A., Zebker, H., Segall, P., et al., 2004. A New Method for Measuring Deformation on Volcanoes and Other Natural Terrains Using InSAR Persistent Scatterers. Geophysical Research Letters, 31(23): 2004GL021737.https://doi.org/10.102 9/2004gl021737 doi: 10.1029/2004gl021737 |
|
Hrubcová, P., Doubravová, J., Vavryčuk, V., 2021. Non-Double-Couple Earthquakes in 2017 Swarm in Reykjanes Peninsula, SW Iceland: Sensitive Indicator of Volcano-Tectonic Movements at Slow-Spreading Rift. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 563: 116875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2021.116875 |
|
Hrubcová, P., Vavryčuk, V., 2023. Tectonic Stress Changes Related to Plate Spreading Prior to the 2021 Fagradalsfjall Eruption in SW Iceland. Tectonophysics, 851: 229761.https://doi.org/10.10 16/j.tecto.2023.229761 doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2023.229761 |
|
Hrubcová, P., Vavryčuk, V., Fischer, T., et al., 2025. Stress Variations and Non-Shear Earthquakes before the 2021 Iceland Eruption Trace Magmatic Fluid Flow. Communications Earth & Environment, 6: 575.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-0253 3-5 doi: 10.1038/s43247-025-02533-5 |
|
Icelandic Meteorological Office, 2025a. Uplift Continues beneath Svartsengi. [2025-06-24]https://en.vedur.is/about-imo/news/new-magm a-instrusion-on-sundhnukur-crater-row |
|
Icelandic Meteorological Office, 2025b. Skjálftalísa. [2025-06-24]https://skjalftalisa.vedur.is/#/page/map |
|
Icelandic Meteorological Office, 2025c. GNSS Time-Series. [2025-06-24]http://brunnur.vedur.is/gps/browser/ |
|
Jenkins, J., Greenfield, T., White, R. S., et al., 2025. Seismic Imaging of the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland: Crustal-Scale Context of Geothermal Areas and Ongoing Volcano-Tectonic Unrest. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 26(4): e2024GC011817.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gc011817 |
|
Julia, F., Vladimir, L., Sergey, R., et al., 2014. Effects of Hydrothermal Alterations on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Rocks in the Kuril-Kamchatka Island Arc. Engineering Geology, 183: 80–95.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.1 0.011 doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.10.011 |
|
Kahl, M., Mutch, E. J. F., Maclennan, J., et al., 2023. Deep Magma Mobilization Years before the 2021 CE Fagradalsfjall Eruption, Iceland. Geology, 51: 184–188. https://doi.org/10.1130/g50340.1 |
|
Lonker, S. W., Franzson, H., Kristmannsdottir, H., 1993. Mineral-Fluid Interactions in the Reykjanes and Svartsengi Geothermal Systems, Iceland. American Journal of Science, 293(7): 605–670. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.293.7.605 |
|
Lyard, F., Lefevre, F., Letellier, T., et al., 2006. Modelling the Global Ocean Tides: Modern Insights from FES2004. Ocean Dynamics, 56(5): 394–415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-006-0086-x |
|
Matthews, S. W., Caracciolo, A., Bali, E., et al., 2024. A Dynamic Mid-Crustal Magma Domain Revealed by the 2023 to 2024 Sundhnúksgígar Eruptions in Iceland. Science, 386(6719): 309–314. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adp8778 |
|
Oliva, S. J., Ebinger, C. J., Wauthier, C., et al., 2019. Insights into Fault-Magma Interactions in an Early-Stage Continental Rift from Source Mechanisms and Correlated Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes. Geophysical Research Letters, 46(4): 2065–2074. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gl080866 |
|
Parks, M., Drouin, V., Sigmundsson, F., et al., 2025. 2023–2024 Inflation-Deflation Cycles at Svartsengi and Repeated Dike Injections and Eruptions at the Sundhnúkur Crater Row, Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 658: 119324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119324 |
|
Parks, M., Sigmundsson, F., Drouin, V., et al., 2023. Deformation, Seismicity, and Monitoring Response Preceding and during the 2022 Fagradalsfjall Eruption, Iceland. Bulletin of Volcanology, 85(10): 60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-023-01671-y |
|
Pedersen, G. B. M., Belart, J. M. C., Óskarsson, B. V., et al., 2022. Volume, Effusion Rate, and Lava Transport During the 2021 Fagradalsfjall Eruption: Results from Near Real-Time Photogrammetric Monitoring. Geophysical Research Letters, 49: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl097125 |
|
Rigopoulos, I., Tsikouras, B., Pomonis, P., et al., 2010. The Influence of Alteration on the Engineering Properties of Dolerites: The Examples from the Pindos and Vourinos Ophiolites (Northern Greece). International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 47(1): 69–80.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2009. 04.003 doi: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2009.04.003 |
|
Rivalta, E., Corbi, F., Passarelli, L., et al., 2019. Stress Inversions to Forecast Magma Pathways and Eruptive Vent Location. Science Advances, 5(7): eaau9784.https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau 9784 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aau9784 |
|
Sæmundsson, K., Sigurgeirsson, M. Á., Friðleifsson, G. Ó., 2020. Geology and Structure of the Reykjanes Volcanic System, Iceland. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 391: 106501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.11.022 |
|
Sigmundsson, F., Parks, M., Geirsson, H., et al., 2024. Fracturing and Tectonic Stress Drives Ultrarapid Magma Flow into Dikes. Science, 383(6688): 1228–1235. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adn2838 |
|
Sigmundsson, F., Parks, M., Hooper, A., et al., 2022. Deformation and Seismicity Decline before the 2021 Fagradalsfjall Eruption. Nature, 609(7927): 523–528. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05083-4 |
|
Troll, V. R., Deegan, F. M., Thordarson, T., et al., 2024. The Fagradalsfjall and Sundhnúkur Fires of 2021–2024: A Single Magma Reservoir under the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland? Terra Nova, 36(6): 447–456. https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12733 |
|
van Zyl, J. J., 2001. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM): a Breakthrough in Remote Sensing of Topography. Acta Astronautica, 48(5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12): 559–565. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0094-5765(01)00020-0 |
|
Walter, T. R., Haghshenas Haghighi, M., Schneider, F. M., et al., 2019. Complex Hazard Cascade Culminating in the Anak Krakatau Sector Collapse. Nature Communications, 10: 4339. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12284-5 |
|
Wegnüller, U., Werner, C., Strozzi, T., et al., 2016. Sentinel-1 Support in the GAMMA Software. Procedia Computer Science, International Conference on ENTERprise Information Systems/International Conference on Project MANagement/International Conference on Health and Social Care Information Systems and Technologies, CENTERIS/ProjMAN/HCist 2016, 100: 1305–1312.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.09.246 |
|
Woessner, J., 2005. Assessing the Quality of Earthquake Catalogues: Estimating the Magnitude of Completeness and Its Uncertainty. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 95(2): 684–698. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040007 |
|
Yang, Y. L., Sigmundsson, F., Geirsson, H., et al., 2025. Role of Tectonic Stress and Topography on Repeated Lateral Dikes: Application to the 1975–1984 Krafla and 2023–2025 Svartsengi Rifting Episodes in Iceland. Bulletin of Volcanology, 87(12): 105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-025-01897-y |
|
Zhu, S. Y., Massmann, F. H., Yu, Y., et al., 2003. Satellite Antenna Phase Center Offsets and Scale Errors in GPS Solutions. Journal of Geodesy, 76(11): 668–672. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-002-0294-1 |