| Citation: | Xiong Xiong, Jiye Wang, Jiwen Teng. Deep Mechanical Background for the Cenozoic Volcanism in the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Earth Science, 2005, 16(4): 334-339.
|
The principle prerequisite for the formation of a volcano is the generation of a channel for magma transportation.There is little research on the deep mechanical mechanism for the formation of a magma transportation channel in the Tibetan plateau.Based on the subcrustal mantle convectiongenerated stress field inversed by gravity anomalies, together with its relationship to the Cenozoic volcanism in the plateau, and the mechanism of crustal fracture formation, as well as the numerical results of the evolution of mantle convection beneath the plateau, this paper investigates the deep mechanical mechanism for the formation of a magma transportation channel in the Tibetan plateau.There are two significant extensional convection-generated stress zones beneath the plateau, in which the volcanic rocks in the central and northern parts of the plateau are distributed.The Linzizong volcanism in southern Tibet correlates the upwelling mantle flow prior to the India-Asia collision or during the early stage of the collision.The magnitude of the stress is~100 MPa, which is the same order of force that causes crustal fractures.The evidence implies that the mantle convection-generated stress is one of the principle causes of crustal fractures, and furthermore, the formation of the magma transportation channel in the Tibetan plateau.
| Anderson, O. L., Grew, P. C., 1977. Stress Corrosion Theory of Crack Propagation with Applications to Geophysics. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. , 15(1): 77-104 doi: 10.1029/RG015i001p00077 |
| Arnaud, N. O., Vidal, P., Tapponnier, P., et al., 1992. The High K2O Volcanism of Northwestern Tibet: Geochemistry and Tectonic Implications. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , 111: 351-367 doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(92)90189-3 |
| Curtis, A., Woodhouse, J. H., 1997. Crust and Upper Mantle Shear Velocity Structure beneath the Tibetan Plateau and Surrounding Regions from Interevent Surface Wave Velocity Inversion. J. Geophys. Res. , 102(B6): 11789-11813 doi: 10.1029/96JB03182 |
| Deng, W. M., 1991. Geology, Geochemistry and Age of Shoshonitic Lavas in the Central Kunlun Orogenic Belt. Scientia Geologica Sinica, (3): 201-213(in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Deng, W. M., Zheng, X. L., Matsumoto, Y., 1996. Petrological Characteristics and Ages of Cenozoic Volcanic Rocks from the Hoh Xil Mts., Qinghai Province. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 15(4): 289-297(in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Ding, L., Kapp, P., Zhong, D. L., 2003. Cenozoic Volcanism in Tibet: Evidence for a Transition from Oceanic to Continental Subduction. J. Petrology, 44(10): 1833-1865 doi: 10.1093/petrology/egg061 |
| Dricker, I. G., Roecker, S. W., 2002. Lateral Heterogeneity in the Upper Mantle beneath the Tibetan Plateau and Its Surroundings from SSS Travel Time Residuals. J. Geophys. Res. , 107(B11): 2305. doi: 10.1029/2001JB000797 |
| Fu, R. S., Huang, J. H., Liu, W. Z., 1994. Correlation Equation between Regional Gravity Isostatic Anomalies and Small Scale Convection in the Upper Mantle. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 37: 638-646(in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Fu, R. S., Huang, J. H., Wei, Z. X., 1996. The Upper Mantle Flow beneath the North China Platform. PAGEOPH, 146(4): 649-659 |
| Fu, R. S., Huang, J. H., Xiong, X., 1997. Evolution of the Upper Mantle Flow under the Tibetan Plateau. In: Hsu, H. T., Ning, J. S., Wang, J. H., et al., eds., Proceedings of the International Symposium on Current Crustal Movement and Hazard Reduction in East Asia and Southeast Asia. Seismological Press, Beijing. 405-417 |
| Fu, R. S., Huang, J. H., Xu, Y. M., 1998. Study of the Mantle Dynamics of the Lithosphere Movements in the Region from Qinghai-Xizang Plateau to Tianshan Mountain. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 41: 658-668(in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Gao, R., Huang, D. D., Lu, D. Y., et al., 2000. Deep Seismic Reflection Profile Crossing Western KunlunTarim Contacting Belt. Chinese Science Bulletin, 45(17): 1874-1879(in Chinese) doi: 10.1360/csb2000-45-17-1874 |
| Hong, H. J., Yu, Y., Zheng, X. Z., 2003. Global Volcano Distribution: Pattern and Variation. Earth Science Frontiers, 10(Special Issue): 11-16(in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Huang, P. H., Fu, R. S., 1983. Investigation on Mantle Convection Pattern at the Lithospheric Bottom in China. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 26(1): 39-47(in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Li, G. M., 2000. Petrological Features and Genesis of Cenozoic Volcanic Rocks, Qiangtang Area, Northern Tibetan Plateau. Geology Geochemistry, 28(2): 38-44(in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Li, Q. S., Lu, D. Y., Gao, R., et al., 2000. Exploration Seismic Sounding Crossing Western Kunlun-Tarim Contacting Belt. Science in China(Seires D), 30(Suppl. ): 16-21(in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Liu, H. S., 1985. Geodynamical Basis for Crustal Deformation under the Tibetan Plateau. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , 40: 43-60 doi: 10.1016/0031-9201(85)90004-4 |
| Liu, S., Ci, X. G., Li, C., et al., 2001. Geochemistry and Origin of the Cenozoic Volcanic Rocks Series in the Northern Tibet. J. Changchun Univ. of Science and Technology, 31(3): 230-234(in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| McKenna, L. W., Walker, J. D., 1990. Geochemistry of Crustally Derived Leucocratic Igneous Rocks from the Ulugh Muztagh Area, Northern Tibet, and Their Implications for the Formation of the Tibetan Plateau. J. Geophys. Res. , 95: 21483-21502 doi: 10.1029/JB095iB13p21483 |
| McNamara, D. E., Walter, W. R., Owens, T. J., et al., 1997. Upper Mantle Velocity Structure beneath the Tibetan Plateau from PnTravel Time Tomography. J. Geophys. Res. , 102(B1): 493-505 doi: 10.1029/96JB02112 |
| Molnar, P., 1988. A Review of Geophysical Constraints on the Deep Structure of the Tibetan Plateau, the Himalaya and the Karakoram, and Their Tectonic Implication. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. , A326: 33-88 |
| Molnar, P., Burchfiel, B. C., Zhao, Z., et al., 1987. The Geologic Evolution of Northern Tibet: Results of an Expedition to Ulugh Muztagh. Science, 235: 299-305 doi: 10.1126/science.235.4786.299 |
| Molnar, P., England, P., Mantinod, J., 1993. Mantle Dynamics, Uplift of Tibetan Plateau and the Indian Monsoon. Rev. o fGeophys. , 37(4): 357-396 |
| Owens, T. J., Zandt, G., 1997. Implications of Crustal Property Variations for Models of Tibetan Plateau Evolution. Nature, 387: 37-43 doi: 10.1038/387037a0 |
| Pan, G. T., Wang, P. S., Xu, Y. R., et al., 1990. Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. Geological Publishing House, Beijing. 32-70(in Chinese) |
| Rittmann, A., 1962. Volcanoes and Their Activity. Wiley, New York. 305 |
| Runcorn, S. K., 1964. Satellite Gravity Measurements and Laminar Viscous Flow Model of the Earth's Mantle. J. Geophys. Res. , 69: 4389-4394 doi: 10.1029/JZ069i020p04389 |
| Runcorn, S. K., 1967. Flow in the Mantle Inferred from the Low Degree Harmonics of the Geopotential. Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc. , 14: 375-384 |
| Turner, S., Hawkesworth, C., Liu, J., et al., 1993. Timing of Tibetan Uplift Constrained by Analysis of Volcanic Rocks. Nature, 364: 50-54 doi: 10.1038/364050a0 |
| Xiong, X., Teng, J. W., 2002. Study on Crustal Movement and Deep Process in Eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 45(4): 507-515(in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Xu, Y., Liu, F. T., Liu, J. H., et al., 2002. Crust and Upper Mantle Structure beneath Western China from P Wave Travel Time Tomography. J. Geophys. Res. , 107(B10): 2220. doi:10.1029/2001 JB000402 |
Figures(3)
Copyright © 2013-2020 Journal of Earth Science 鄂ICP备15021562号-2
Tel: +86-27-67885075 Fax: +86-27-67885075 E-mail: xbb@cug.edu.cn
Address: Editorial Office of Journal, China University of Geosciences, Yujiashan, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
Supported by:
Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd
E-mail:
info@rhhz.net
DownLoad:
