Citation: | M Nafi, O M Abdullatif. Petrographic of Northwestern Sudan. Journal of Earth Science, 2003, 14(2): 137-143. |
The sedimentology of the Northwestern Sudan consists of lower, middle and upper cycles. The lower and upper cycles are composed of intercalated fluvial and shallow marine facies, whereas the middle cycle consists entirely of fluvial and glaciofluvial facies. The petrographic analysis shows that the lower and upper cycles consist of quartz and lithic arenite sandstones, whereas the middle cycle consists of arkosic and lithic arenite sandstones. The lower and upper cycle sandstones reflect derivation mainly from recycled orogens with minor contribution from craton interior provenances. However, the middle cycle sandstones indicate derivation from basement uplift, transitional and mainly recycled orogens provenances.
Dickinson W R, Beard L S, Brakenridge G R, et al, 1983. Provenance of North American Phanerozoic Sandstone in Relation to Tectonic Setting. Geol Soc Am Bull, 94: 222-235 doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<222:PONAPS>2.0.CO;2 |
Dickinson W R, Suczek C A, 1979. Plate Tectonics and Sandstone Composition. AAPG Bull, 63: 2164-2172 |
Dott R H Jr, 1964. Wacke, Grey Wacke and Matrix What Approach to Immature Sandstone Classification? J Sed Petrology, 34: 625-632 |
Fairhead J D, 1988. Mesozoic Plate Tectonic Reconstructions of the Central South Atlantic Ocean: The Role of the West and Central Africa Rift System. Tectonophysics, 155: 181-191 doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(88)90265-X |
Folk R L, 1959. Practical Petrographic Classification of Limestone. AAPG Bull, 43: 1-38 |
Folk R L, 1980. Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks. Austin: Hemphill |
Friedman G M, Sanders J E, 1978. Principle of Sedimentology. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 792 |
Graham S A, Ingersoll R V, Dickinson W R, 1976. Common Provenance for Lithic Grains in Carboniferous Sandstone from Ouachita Mountains and Black Warrior Basin. J Sed Petrology, 46: 620-632 |
Ingersoll R V, Suczek C A, 1979. Petrology and Provenance of Neogene Sand from Nicobar and Bengal Fans, DSDP Sites 211 and 218. J Sed Petrology, 49: 1217-1228 |
Janssen M E, Stephenson R A, Cloetingh S, 1993. Change in Plate Motion and Their Control on the Subsidence of Rifted Basins in the African Plate. In: Thorweihes U, Schandelmeier H, eds. Geoscientific Research in Northeast Africa, 185-188 |
Klitzsch E, 1986. Plate Tectonics and Cratonal Geology in North East Africa (Egypt and Sudan). Geologische Rundschau, 75(3): 755 -768 doi: 10.1007/BF01820645 |
Klitzsch E, Squyers C H, 1990. Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Geological History of NE Africa Based upon New Interpretation of Nubian Strata. AAPG Bull, 74(8): 1203-1211 |
Klitzsch E, Wycisk P, 1987. Geology of the Sedimentary Basins of Northern Sudan and Bordering Areas. Berlin Geowiss Abh (A), 75(1): 97-137 |
Maynard J B, 1984. Composition of Plagioclase Feldspar in Modern Deep-Sea Sand: Relationship to Tectonic Setting. Sedimentology, 31: 493-501 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3091.1984.tb01815.x |
Nafi M, 1997. Sedimentology of the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Strata of the Northwestern Sudan: [Dissertation]. Khartoum: University of Khartoum |
Pettijohn F J, Potter P E, Siever R, 1987. Sand and Sandstone. New York: Springer-Verlag |
Schandelmeier H, Klitzsch E, Hendriks F, et al, 1987. Structural Development of NE Africa since the Pre-Cambrian Time. Berliner Geowiss Abh, A75(1): 5-24 |
Schandelmeier H, Pudlo D, 1990. The Central African Fault Zone (CAFZ) in Sudan: A Possible Continental Transform Fault. Berliner Geowiss, Abh. (A), 120(1): 31-44 |
Schandelmeier H, Utke A, Harms U, et al, 1990. A Review of the Pan-African Evolution in NE Africa: towards a New Dynamic Concept for Continental NE Africa. Berliner Geowiss. Abh, (A), 120(1): 1-14 |
Schull T, 1988. Rift Basins of Interior Sudan, Petroleum Exploration and Discovery. AAPG Bull, 72(10): 1128-1147 |
Tucker M E, 1991. Sedimentary Petrology. Oxford: Black Wells |
Udden J A, 1914. Mechanical Composition of Clastic Sediment. Geo Soc Am Bull, 25: 655-744 doi: 10.1130/GSAB-25-655 |