| Citation: | Cai Li, Qingguo Zhai, Yongsheng Dong, Shen Liu, Chaoming Xie, Yanwang Wu. High-Pressure Eclogite-Blueschist Metamorphic Belt and Closure of Paleo-Tethys Ocean in Central Qiangtang, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Journal of Earth Science, 2009, 20(2): 209-218. doi: 10.1007/s12583-009-0021-4
|
The high-pressure metamorphic belt (HPMB) of eclogite-blueschist in Central Qiangtang (羌塘) lies in the Longmu Co (龙木错)-Shuanghu (双湖) suture zone. To the west, the HPMB extends 500 km from Hongjishan (红脊山) to Caiduochaka (才多茶卡), east of Shuanghu; to the east it extends to Baqing (巴青) and Jitang (吉塘) in Qamdo (昌都), and then bends southward to Yunnan (云南) Province. Including the Lancangjiang (澜沧江) blueschist belt, the entire HPMB is about 2 000 km long. In Central Qiangtang, the belt is mainly composed of blueschist and eclogite, whereas in West Yunnan it contains only blueschist. The Baqing-Jitang segment is dominated by garnet phengite schist. 40Ar-39Ar dating of glaucophane and phengite from the blueschists yielded plateau ages ranging from 223 to 215 Ma, whereas SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircon from the eclogites gives metamorphic ages of 243–217 Ma. The calculated metamorphic conditions for the blueschists are 410–460 ℃ and 0.67–0.75 GPa, and for the eclogites, < 500 ℃ and 1.56–2.35 GPa. The metamorphic ages suggest that the Longmu Co-Shuanghu suture closed in the Late Triassic. The region south of the Longmu Co-Shuanghu-Lancang suture consists of the pan-African basement overlain by Gondwana sedimentary and meta-sedimentary rocks, whereas the region north of the suture is dominated by the Jinning (晋宁) basement and Yangtze sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks. The Qiangtang HPMB marks the closure of the paleo-Tethys Ocean.
| Bao, P. S., Xiao, X. C., Su, L., 2007. Petrological, Geochemical and Chronological Constraints for the Tectonic Setting of the Dongco Ophiolite in Tibet. Science in China (Series D), 50(5): 660–671 doi: 10.1007/s11430-007-0045-5 |
| Bao, P. S., Xiao, X. C., Wang, J., 1999. Blue Schist Belt of Shuanghu Area in Central-Northern Xizang (Tibet) and Its Tectonic Implications. Acta Geologica Sinica, 73(4): 302–314 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Xizang Autonomous Region (BGMRXA), 1993. Regional Geology of Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region. Geological Publishing House, Beijing. 19–21 (in Chinese) |
| Coleman, R. G., Lee, L. D., Beaty, L. B., 1965. Eclogites and Eclogites: Their Differences and Similarities. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. , 76: 483–508 doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1965)76[483:EAETDA]2.0.CO;2 |
| Deng, X. G., Ding, L., Liu, X. H., et al., 2000. Discovery of Blueschists in Gangmar-Taoxing Co Area, Central Qiangtang, Northern Tibet. Acta Geologica Sinica, 35(2): 227–232 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Deng, X. G., Ding, L., Liu, X. H., et al., 2001. Petrology and 40Ar/39Ar Isotopic Ages of Blueschists in Gangmar, Central Qiangtang, Northern Tibet. Chinese Science Bulletin, 46(5): 423–427 (in Chinese) doi: 10.1007/BF03183281 |
| Deng, X. G., Ding, L., Liu, X. H., et al., 2002. Geochemical Characteristics of the Blueschists and Their Tectonic Significance in Central Qiangtang Area, Tibet. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 18(4): 517–525 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Dong, Y. S., Xie, Y. W., Li, C., et al., 2007. Discovery of Retrometamorphic Eclogite in the Baxoi Area, East Tibet, China. Geological Bulletin of China, 26(8): 1018–1020 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Ellis, D. J., Green, D. H., 1979. An Experimental Study of the Effect of Ca upon Garnet-Clinopyroxene Fe-Mg Exchange Equilibria. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. , 71(1): 13–22 doi: 10.1007/BF00371878 |
| Fan, Y. N., 1985. A Division of Zoogeographical Provinces by Permo-Carboniferous Corals in Xizang (Tibet), China: Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau (16). Geological Publishing House, Beijing. 87–106 (in Chinese) |
| Gao, J., Klemd, R., 2003. Formation of HP-LT Rocks and Their Tectonic Implications in the Western Tianshan Orogen, NW China: Geochemical and Age Constraints. Lithos, 66(1): 1–22 |
| Gao, J., Liu, S. W., Zhang, L. F., 2000. The 40Ar/39Ar Age Record of Formation and Uplift of the Blueschists and Eclogites in the Western Tianshan Mountains. Chinese Science Bulletin, 45(11): 1047–1052 doi: 10.1007/BF02884989 |
| Guillot, S., Lardeaux, J. M., Mascle, G., et al., 1995. Un Nouvea Temoin du Metamorphisme de Haute-Pression Dans la Chainer Himalayenne: Les Eclogites Retromorphosees du Dome du Tso Morari (East Ladakh, Himalaya). C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 320(10): 931–936 |
| Hening, A., 1915. Eur Petrographic and Geologie Von Sudwest Tibet. In: Hedin, S., ed., Southern Tibet. Noratet, Stockholm. 5: 220 |
| Hu, K., Li, C., Cheng, L. R., et al., 1995. Gangmacuo-Shuanghu Blueschist Belt in Central Qiangtang Area of Tibet and Its Geological Significance. Journal of Changchun University of Earth Sciences, 25(3): 268–274 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Huang, X. P., Li, C., Zhai, Q. G., et al., 2007. Geochemistry and Tectonic Settings of Indosinian Granites in the May(e)r Kangri Area, Central Qiangtang, Tibet, China. Geological Bulletin of China, 26(12): 1646–1653 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Kapp, P., Yin, A., Manning, C. E., et al., 1999. U-Pb Geochronology of the Qiang-Tang Metamorphic Belt: Implications for Crustal Structure of Northern Tibet. EOS, 80: 975 |
| Kapp, P., Yin, A., Manning, C. E., et al., 2000. Blueschist-Bearing Metamorphic Core Complexes in Qiangtang Block Reveal Deep Crustal Structure of Northern Tibet. Geology, 28(1): 19–22 doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<19:BMCCIT>2.0.CO;2 |
| Kapp, P., Yin, A., Manning, C. E., et al., 2003. Tectonic Evolution of the Early Mesozoic Blueschist-Bearing Qiangtang Metamorphic Belt, Central Tibet. Tectonics, 22(4): 1029. DOI: 29/2002TC001332 |
| Kong, X. R., Wang, Q. S., Xiong, S. B., 1996. Comprehensive Geophysics and Lithospheric Structure in the Western Xizang (Tibet) Plateau. Science in China (Series D), 39(4): 348–358 (in Chinese) http://219.238.6.205:8080/kxtbe/EN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=312848 |
| Kong, X. R., Wang, Q. S., Xiong, S. B., 1999. Integrated Geophysical Profile and Architecture and Dynamics of Lithosphere, Western Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Chinese Science Bulletin, 44(12): 1257–1265 (in Chinese) doi: 10.1360/csb1999-44-12-1257 |
| Le Fort, P., Gullot, S., Pecher, A., 1997. HP Metamorphic Belt along the Indus Suture Zone of NW Himalaya: New Discoveries and Significance. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 325: 773–778 doi: 10.1016/S0764-4442(97)80058-4 |
| Li, C., 1987. The Longmucuo-Shuanghu-Lanchangjiang Plate Suture and the North Boundary of Distribution of Gondwana Facies Permian-Carboniferous System in Northern Xizang, China. Journal of Changchun University of Earth Sciences, 17(2): 155–166 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFD1987-CCDZ198702003.htm |
| Li, C., 1997. The 40Ar/39Ar Age and Its Significance of the Crossite from the Blueschist in the Mid-Qiangtang Area, Tibet. Chinese Science Bulletin, 42(4): 488 doi: 10.1007/BF02882535?LI=true |
| Li, C., 2003. Question about the Basement of the Qiangtang Micro-plate. Geological Review, 49(1): 5–9 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Li, C., 2005. Late Paleozoic Geology and Tectonic Evolution of Qiangtang area. Tibet Geology, 22: 1–21 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Li, C., 2008. A Review on 20 Years' Study of the Longmu Co-Shuanghu-Lancang River Suture Zone in the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau. Geological Review, 54(1): 104–119 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Li, C., Cheng, L. R., Hu, K., 1995a. Study on the Paleo-Tethys Suture Zone of Lungmu Co-Shuanghu, Tibet. Geological Publishing House, Beijing. 1–131 (in Chinese) |
| Li, C., Cheng, L. R., Hu, K., et al., 1995b. Ice-Sea Mix-Conglomerates and Their Genesis in the Southern Area of Qiangtang, Tibet. Journal of Changchun University of Earth Science, 25(4): 368–373 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Li, C., Cheng, L. R., Zhang, Y. C., et al., 2004. Discovery of Ordovician-Devonian Strata in the South of Qiangtang Area, Tibet. Geological Bulletin of China, 23(5): 602–604 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Li, C., Dong, Y. S., Zhai, Q. G., et al., 2008a. Discovery of Eopaleozoic Ophiolite in the Qiangtang of Tibet Plateau: Evidence from SHRIMP U-Pb Dating and Its Tectonic Implications. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 24(1): 31–36 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Li, C., Dong, Y. S., Zhai, Q. G., et al., 2008b. High Pressure Metamorphic Belt from Qiangtang, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Its Tectonic Significance. Geological Bulletin of China, 27(1): 27–35 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Li, C., Zhai, Q. G., Dong, Y. S., 2006a. Discovery of Eclogite and Its Geological Significance in Qiangtang Area, Central Tibet. Chinese Science Bulletin, 51(9): 1095–1100 doi: 10.1007/s11434-006-1095-3 |
| Li, C., Zhai, Q. G., Chen, W., et al., 2006b. Ar-Ar Chronometry of the Eclogite from Central Qiangtang Area, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 22(12): 2843–2849 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Li, C., Huang, X. P., Zhai, Q. G., et al., 2006c. Longmu Co-Shuanghu-Jitang Plate Suture and the Northern Boundary of Gondwanaland in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Earth Science Frontiers, 13(4): 136–147 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY200604011.htm |
| Li, C., Zhai, Q. G., Chen, W., et al., 2007a. Geochronology Evidence of the Closure of Longmu Co-Shuanghu Suture, Qinghai-Xizang Plateau: Ar-Ar and Zircon SHRIMP Geochronology from Ophiolite and Rhyolite in Guoganjianian. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 23(5): 911–918 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Li, C., Zhai, Q. G., Dong, Y. S., et al., 2007b. Longmu Co-Shanghu Plate Suture and Evolution Records of the Paleo-Tethys Oceanic in the Qiangtang Area, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Geological Bulletin of China, 26(1): 13–21 (in Chinese with English Abstract) doi: 10.1007%2Fs11707-007-0032-3.pdf |
| Li, C., Zhai, Q. G., Dong, Y. S., et al., 2007c. Establishment of the Upper Triassic Wanghuling Formation in Guoganjianian Mountain, Central Qiangtang, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Its Significance. Geological Bulletin of China, 26(8): 1003–1008 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Li, C., Zhai, Q. G., Cheng, L. R., et al., 2005. Thoughts on Some Key Geological Problems in the Qiangtang Area, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Geological Bulletin of China, 24(4): 295–301 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Li, C., Zheng, A. Z., 1993. Paleozoic Stratigraphy in the Qiangtang Region of Tibet: Relations of the Gondwana and Yangtze Continents and Ocean Closure near the End of the Carboniferous. International Geology Review, 35(9): 797–804 doi: 10.1080/00206819309465558 |
| Liang, D. Y., Nie, Z. T., Song, Z. M., 1994. Early Permian Tectonic Paleogeography on Northern Margin of Gondwanaland and Origin of Diamictites. Tethyan Geology, 18: 61–73 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-TTSD400.004.htm |
| Liu, L., Che, Z. C., Luo, J. H., 1996. Discovery of Eclogite and Its Geological Significance in Western Altyn. Chinese Science Bulletin, 41(16): 1485–1488 (in Chinese) doi: 10.1360/csb1996-41-16-1485 |
| Lu, J. P., Zhang, N., Huang, W. H., et al., 2006. Characteristics and Significance of the Metamorphic Minerals Glaucophane-Lawsonite Assemblage in the Hongjishan Area, North-Central Qiangtang, Northern Tibet, China. Geological Bulletin of China, 25(1): 70–75 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZQYD2006Z1012.htm |
| Pognante, U., Spencer, D. A., 1991. First Record of Eclogites from the Himalayan Belt, Kaghan Valley, Northern Pakistan. Eur. J. Mineral. , 3: 613–618 doi: 10.1127/ejm/3/3/0613 |
| Powell, R., 1985. Regression Diagnostics and Robust Regression in Geothermometer/Geobarometer Calibration: The Garnet-Clinopyroxene Geothermometer Revisited. J. Metamorph. Geol. , 3: 231–243 doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1985.tb00319.x |
| Ravna, E. J. K., Terry, M. P., 2004. Geothermobarometry of UHP and HP Eclogites and Schists—An Evaluation of Equilibria among Garnet-Clinopyroxene-Kyanite-Phengite-Coesite/Quartz. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 22: 579–592 doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1314.2004.00534.x |
| Song, S. G., Yang, J. S., Liou, J. G., 2003a. Petrology, Geochemistry and Isotopic Ages of Eclogites in the Dulan UHPM Terrane, the North Qaidam, NW China. Lithos, 70(3–4): 195–211 http://www.onacademic.com/detail/journal_1000035102332210_6d1a.html |
| Song, S. G., Yang, J. S., Xu, Z. Q., 2003b. Metamorphic Evolution of Coesite-Bearing UHP Terrane in the North Qaidam, Northern Tibet, NW China. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 21: 631–644 doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1314.2003.00469.x |
| Song, S. G., Zhang, L. F., Niu, Y. L., 2006. Evolution from Oceanic Subduction to Continental Collision: A Case Study of the Northern Tibetan Plateau from Geochemical and Geochronological Data. J. Petrol. , 47: 435–455 doi: 10.1093/petrology/egi080 |
| Tonarini, S., Villa, I., Oberli, F., 1993. Eocene Age of Eclogite Metamorphism in Pakistan Himalaya: Implication for India-Eurasian Collision. Terra Nova, 5: 13–20 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3121.1993.tb00221.x |
| Wang, C. S., Hu, C. Z., Wu, R. Z., et al., 1987. Significance of the Discovery of Chasang-Chabu Rift in Northern Xizang (Tibet). Journal of Chengdu University of Technology, 14(2): 33–46 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Wang, C. S., Yin, H. S., Li, Y., 2001. Geological Evolvement and Perspective Evaluation of Oil and Gas in Qiangtang Basin, Tibet. Geological Publishing House, Beijing. 1–59 (in Chinese) |
| Wang, G. H., Jia, J. C., Wan, Y. P., et al., 2006. Forming and Tectonic Significance of the Youxi Tectono-schistose Formation, North Baqen County, Eastern Tibet. Earth Science Frontiers, 13(4): 180–187 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Wang, G. Z., Wang, C. S., 2001. Disintegration and Age Basement Metamorphic Rocks in Qiangtang, Tibet China. Science in China (Series D), 44(Supp1. ): 86–93 http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-JDXG2001S1010.htm |
| Wang, J., Wang, Z. J., Chen, W. X., et al., 2004. New Evidences for the Age Assignment of the Nadi Kangri Formation in the North Qiangtang Basin, North Tibet, China. Geological Bulletin of China, 26(4): 404–409 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Wu, H. Q., Feng, Y. M., Song, S. G., 1993. Metamorphism and Deformation of Blueschist Belts and Their Tectonic Implications, North Qilian Mountains, China. J. Metamorphic Geol. , 11: 523–536 doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1993.tb00169.x |
| Yang, J. S., Xu, Z. Q., Geng, Q. R., et al., 2006. A Possible New HP/UPH(?) Metamorphic Belt in China: Discovery of Eclogite in the Lhasa Terrane, Tibet. Acta Geologica Sinica, 80(12): 1787–1792 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://epub.cnki.net/grid2008/docdown/docdownload.aspx?filename=DZXE200612000&dbcode=CJFD&year=2006&dflag=pdfdown |
| Yang, J. S., Xu, Z. Q., Li, H. B., et al., 1998. Discovery of Eclogite at Northern Margin of Qaidam Basin, NW China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 43(14): 1544–1549 doi: 10.1360/csb1998-43-14-1544 |
| Yang, J. S., Xu, Z. Q., Li, T. F., et al., 2007. Oceanic Subduction-Type Eclogite in the Lhasa Block, Tibet, China: Remnants of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean Basin? Geological Bulletin of China, 26(10): 1277–1287 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Yin, A., Harrison, T. M., 2000. Geologic Evolution of the Himalaya-Tibetan Orogen. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. , 28: 211–280 doi: 10.1146/annurev.earth.28.1.211 |
| Yin, J. X., 1997. Stratigraphic Geology of Gondwana Facies of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau and Adjacent Areas. Geological Publishing House, Beijing (in Chinese) |
| Zhai, Q. G., Li, C., 2007. Zircon SHRIMP Dating of Volcanic Rock from the Nadigangri Formation in Juhuashan, Qiangtang, Northern Tibet and Its Geological Significance. Acta Geologica Sinica, 81(6): 795–800 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Zhai, Q. G., Li, C., Cheng, L. R., et al., 2004. Geological Features of Permian Ophiolite in the Jiaomuri Area, Qiangtang, Tibet, and Its Tectonic Significance. Geological Bulletin of China, 23(12): 22–24 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZQYD200412009.htm |
| Zhai, Q. G, Li, C., Huang, X. P., 2006. Geochemistry of Permian Basalt in the Jiaomuri Area, Central Qiangtang, Tibet, China and Its Tectonic Significance. Geological Bulletin of China, 25(12): 1419–1427 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Zhai, Q. G., Li, C., Huang, X. P., 2007. The Fragment of Paleo-Tethys Ophiolite from Central Qiangtang, Tibet? —Geochemical Evidence of Metabasites in Guogangjianan. Science in China (Series D), 37(7): 1302–1309 http://qikan.cqvip.com/Qikan/Article/Detail?id=1000887500 |
| Zhang, J. X., Yang, J. S., Xu, Z. Q., et al., 2002. Evidence for UHP Metamorphism of Eclogite from the Altun Mountains. Chinese Science Bulletin, 47: 751–755 doi: 10.1360/02tb9170 |
| Zhang, L. F., Ellis, D. J., Jiang, W. B., 2002. Ultrahigh Pressure Metamorphism in Western Tianshan, China: Evidence from the Inclusion of Coesite Pseudomorphs in Garnet and Quartz Exsolution Lamellae in Omphacite in Eclogites. American Mineralogist, 87: 853–860 doi: 10.2138/am-2002-0707 |
| Zhang, L. F., Song, S. G., Ai, Y. L., 2005. Relict Coesite Exsolution in Omphacite from Western Tianshan Eclogites, China. American Mineralogist, 89: 180–186 http://www.onacademic.com/detail/journal_1000035872599810_6dc0.html |
| Zhang, L. F., Song, S. G., Song, B., 2003. SHRIMP U-Pb, Zircon, Dating of HP-UHP Metamorphic Rocks from Western Tianshan, China. Abstract of the Alice Wain Memorial Western Norway Eclogite Field Symposium. NGU Report, 055, 180 |
| Zhang, R. Y., Cong, B. L., Li, Y. G., 1990. Petrology of Blueschist in Western Yunnan Province, China, and Its Tectonic Significance. Science in China (Series B), 33(9): 1110–1123 http://chem.scichina.com:8081/sciBe/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=397697 |
| Zhang, S. Y., Wei, S., Wang, J. Y., 1996. Magnetotelluric Sounding in the Qiangtang Basin of Xizang (Tibet). Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 21(2): 198–202 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://qikan.cqvip.com/Qikan/Article/Detail?id=2013196 |
| Zhao, J., Zhong, D. L., Wang, Y., 1994. Metamorphism of Langcang Metamorphic Belt, Western Yunnan and Its Relation to Deformation. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 10(1): 27–40 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-YSXB199401002.htm |
| Zhao, W. J., Liu, K., Jiang, Z. T., et al., 2004. Bangong Co-Nujiang Suture Zone, Tibet—A Suggestion Given by Deep Geophysical Structure. Geological Bulletin of China, 23(7): 623–635 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Zhu, T. X., Zhang, Q. Y., Dong, H., et al., 2006. Discovery of the Devonian and Late Permian Radiolarian Cherts in Tectonic Mélanges in the Cedo Caka Area, Shuanghu, Northern Tibet, China. Geological Bulletin of China, 25(12): 1413–1418 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZQYD200612008.htm |
Figures(4)
Copyright © 2013-2020 Journal of Earth Science 鄂ICP备15021562号-2
Tel: +86-27-67885075 Fax: +86-27-67885075 E-mail: xbb@cug.edu.cn
Address: Editorial Office of Journal, China University of Geosciences, Yujiashan, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
Supported by:
Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd
E-mail:
info@rhhz.net
DownLoad:
