Citation: | Jingsui Yang, Rendeng Shi, Cailai Wu, Xibin Wang, Paul T Robinson. Dur'ngoi Ophiolite in East Kunlun, Northeast Tibetan Plateau: Evidence for Paleo-Tethyan Suture in Northwest China. Journal of Earth Science, 2009, 20(2): 303-331. doi: 10.1007/s12583-009-0027-y |
The A'nyemaqen (阿尼玛卿) ophiolite belt along the southern margin of the East Kunlun (昆仑) Mountains marks the suture formed by the closure of paleo-Tethys. The Dur'ngoi ophiolite in the eastern part of this belt consists of meta-peridotite, mafic-ultramafic cumulates, sheeted dikes and basaltic lavas. The meta-peridotites consist of dunite, harzburgite, lherzolite, feldspar-bearing lherzolite and garnet-bearing lherzolite and contain residual spinel with Cr# [100×Cr/(Cr+Al)] ranging from 30 to 57 and Mg# [100×Mg/(Mg+Fe2+)] ranging from 50 to 75, indicating an Al- and Mg-rich series. The meta-peridotites have a relatively narrow range of composition with Mg# of 89.2–92.6, Al2O3 contents of (1–4) wt.% and slightly depleted chondrite normalized REE patterns, indicating that they represent relict mantle material that has undergone intermediate to low degrees of partial melting. Garnets in the lherzolite are andradite, enriched in Ca and Fe and depleted in Mg and Al (And=95–97, Pyr=0.3–5, Gro=0–3), indicating a metamorphic origin. The cumulate rocks mainly consist of dunite, wehrlite, pyroxenite and gabbro. A well-layered gabbro-pyroxenite complex is defined by modal variations in plagioclase and pyroxene. Blocks of garnet-pyroxenite or rodingite are locally present in the meta-peridotites. Garnets in the cumulate rocks are grossular (Gro=69–90, And=9–19, Br=1–12), also metamorphic origin. The diabase dikes are moderately depleted in LREE [(La/Sm)N=0.5-0.8] and HREE resulting in slightly convex chondrite-normalized patterns with slightly positive Eu anomalies (
Barth, A. P., Wooden, J. L., Coleman, D. S., 2001. SHRIMPRG U-Pb Zircon Geochronology of Mesoproterozoic Metamorphism and Plutonism in the Southwesternmost United States. Journal of Geology, 109(3): 319–327 doi: 10.1086/319975 |
Bian, Q. T., Luo, X. Q., Chen, H. H., et al., 1999. Zircon U-Pb Age of Granodiorite Tonalite in the A'nyemaqen Ophiolitic Belt and Its Tectonic Significance. Scientia Geologica Sinica, 34(4): 422–426 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bian_Qiantao/publication/293092949_Zircon_U-Pb_age_of_granodiorite-tonalite_in_the_A'nyemaqen_ophiolitic_belt_and_its_tectonic_significance/links/56d6443f08aebabdb40058c8/Zircon-U-Pb-age-of-granodiorite-tonalite-in-the-Anyemaqen-ophiolitic-belt-and-its-tectonic-significance.pdf |
Burchfiel, B. C., Molnar, P., Zhao, Z. Y., et al., 1989. Geology of the Ulugh Muztagh Area, Northern Tibet. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 94(1–2): 57–70 doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(89)90083-6 |
Chai, Y., Feng, B., Yang, J. S., 1984. The Characteristics and Genesis of the Xidatan Granite in the Middle Segment of Eastern Kunlun. In: Proceedings of Geology of the Tibetan Plateau. 78–90 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Chen, H. S., Zhou, S., Wei, L., et al., 1994. Chronology of Minerogenesis and Isotope Geochemistry. Geological Publishing House, Beijing (in Chinese) |
Chen, L., Sun, Y., Pei, X. Z., et al., 2001. The 40Ar-39Ar Ages of the Dur'ngoi Ophiolites: Evidence of Paleo-Tethys Ocean Basin in North Tibet. Chinese Science Bulletin, 46(5): 424–426 (in Chinese) doi: 10.1360/csb2001-46-5-424 |
Coleman, R. G., 1977. Ophiolites, Ancient Oceanic Lithosphere? Springer-Verlag, Berlin |
Coleman, R. G., Lee, D. E., Brannock, W. W., 1965. Eclogites and Eclogite Facies Rocks: Their Differences and Similarities. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 76(5): 483–508 doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1965)76[483:EAETDA]2.0.CO;2 |
Cumming, G. L., Richards, J. R., 1975. Ore Lead Isotope Ratio in a Continuously Changing Earth. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 28(2): 155–175 doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(75)90223-X |
Dick, H. J. B., Bullen, T., 1984. Chromium Spinel as a Petrogenetic Indicator in Abyssal and Alpine-Type Peridotites and Spatially Associated Lavas. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 86: 54–76 doi: 10.1007/BF00373711 |
Doe, B. R., Stacey, J. S., 1974. The Application of Lead Isotope to Problem of Ore Genesis and Prospect Evaluation: A Review. Economic Geology, 69: 757–776 doi: 10.2113/gsecongeo.69.6.757 |
Duan, G., 1998. Geological Characteristics of Dur'ngoi Pyrite-Type Copper-Cobalt Deposits and Difference from Cyprus Copper Deposit. Geology of Chemical Minerals, 20: 287–294 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-HGKC804.002.htm |
Gebauer, D., Lappin, M. A., Grunenfelder, M., 1985. The Age and Origin of Some Norwegian Eclogites: A U-Pb Zircon and REE Study. Chemical Geology, 52: 227–248 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016896228590020X |
Geological and Mineral Resource Bureau of Qinghai Province (GMRBQ), 1973. Report of Jialuhe Geological Map (1: 200 000 Scale). 128 (in Chinese) |
Geological and Mineral Resource Bureau of Qinghai Province (GMRBQ), 1986. Report of Maduo and Majixueshan Geological Map (1: 200 000 Scale). 311 (in Chinese) |
Geological and Mineral Resource Bureau of Qinghai Province (GMRBQ), 1991. The Regional Geology of Qinghai Province. Geological Publishing House, Beijing. 661 (in Chinese) |
Jaques, A. L., Green, D. H., 1980. Anhydrous Melting of Peridotite at 0–15 kbar Pressure and Genesis of Tholeiite Basalts. Mineralogy and Petrology, 73: 287–310 doi: 10.1007/BF00381447 |
Jiang, C. F., Yang, J. S., Feng, B. G., et al., 1992. Opening and Closing Tectonics of Kunlun Mountains. Geological Publishing House, Beijing (in Chinese) |
Li, F., Zhang, H., Song, Z., et al., 1993. Thermal Water Metallogenic Model in Ngola Shan Region (Copper-Majored Multimetal Ore). Xi'an Jiaotong University Press, Xi'an. 312 (in Chinese) |
Li, H. B., Xu, Z. Q., Chen, W., 1996. Deformational Features and Tectonic Evolution of the South Kunlun Strike-Slip Shear Zone, East Kunlun Mountains. Acta Geologica Sinica, 70(Suppl. ): 16–21 |
Li, H. B., Yang, J. S., Xu, Z. Q., et al., 2001. Geological and Geochronology Evidence of the Triassic Strike Slip Activity of the Altyn Tagh Fault Zone. Chinese Science Bulletin, 46: 1333–1338 (in Chinese) doi: 10.1360/csb2001-46-16-1333 |
Molnar, P., Burchfiel, B. C., Zhao, Z. Y., et al., 1987. Geologic Evolution of Northern Tibet: Results of an Expedition to Ulugh Muztagh. Science, 235(4786): 299–305 doi: 10.1126/science.235.4786.299 |
Shi, R., 1999. The Geological Setting of the Dur'ngoi Cu-Co-Zn Deposit, Maqen County, Qinghai Province, China: [Dissertation]. Institute of Mineralogy, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing. 80 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Stacey, J. S., Kramers, J. D., 1975. Approximation of Terrestrial Lead Isotope Evolution by a Two-Stage Model. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 26(2): 207–221 doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(75)90088-6 |
Sun, S. S., McDonough, M. T., 1989. Chemical and Isotopic Systematics of Oceanic Basalts, Implications for Mantle Compositions and Processes. In: Saunders, A. J., Norry, M. J., eds., Magmatism in the Ocean Basins. Geological Society of London Special Publication, 42: 313–345 |
Wang, X. B., Bao, P. S., 1996a. Genetic Types of Chinese Ophiolites and Their Metallogenetic Specialization. In: Zhang, Q. ed., Study on Ophiolites and Geodynamics. Geological Publishing House, Beijing (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Wang, X. B., Bao, P. S., 1996b. Mineralization of Podiform Chromites, and Exploration of Chromite Deposit in Tibet. Tibet Geology, 2: 1–12 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Wang, X. B., Hao, Z., Bao, P. S., et al., 1992. Genetic Types and Some Metallogenic Characteristics of Chromite Deposits in Ophiolites within Phanerozoic Orogenic Belts of China. Mineral Deposits, 11(1): 21–33 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-KCDZ199201002.htm |
Wang, Y. B., Yang, H., 2003. Permian Biology and Geography of the Eastern Kunlun—A'nymaqen-Bayankala Area. Science in China (Series D), 33(8): 775–780 (in Chinese) |
Xu, Q., Pan, G. T., Xu, Z. Q., et al., 1998. Late Paleozoic to Triassic Depositional Environment and Basin Evolution. Tethyan Geology, 22: 76–89 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Xu, Z. Q., Li, H. B., Chen, W., 2001. A Large Transpressional Zone at the South Margin of the East Kunlun Mountains and Oblique Subduction. Acta Geologica Sinica, 75(2): 156–164 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-DLDX200101002.htm |
Xu, Z. Q., Li, H. B., Chen, W., et al., 2002. A Large Ductile Sinistral Strike-Slip Shear Zone and Its Movement Timing in the South Qilian Mountains, Western China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 76(2): 183–194 |
Yang, J. S., Bai, W. J., 1987. A Genetic Comparison of the Baiyinchang and Dur'ngoi Pyritic Copper Deposits with the Cyprus-Type Copper Deposits. Geology and Prospecting, 23: 7–10 (in Chinese) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DZKT198705001.htm |
Yang, J. S., Robinson, P. T., Jiang, C. F., et al., 1996. Ophiolites of the Kunlun Mountains, China and Their Tectonic Implications. Tectonophysics, 258(1–4): 215–231 doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(95)00199-9 |
Yang, J. S., Xu, Z. Q., Li, H. B., et al., 2000. A Convergent Border at the Southern Margin of the Qilian Terrain, NW China: Evidence from Eclogite, Garnet-Peridotite, Ophiolite and S-Type Granite. Journal of the Geological Society of China (Taiwan), 43(1): 142–160 |
Yang, J. S., Xu, Z. Q., Li, H. B., et al., 2005. The Paleo-Tethyan Volcanism and Plate Tectonic Regime in the A'nyemaqen Region of East Kunlun, Northern Tibet Plateau. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 24(5): 369–380 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Yang, J. S., Zheng, X. H., Bai, W. J., et al., 1997. A Preliminary Study on Genesis of the Dur'ngoi Massive Cu-Co-Zn Sulfide Deposit Hosted by the Peridotite of A'nyemaqen Ophiolite, the Kunlun Mountains, China. Proceeding of the 30th IGC, 9: 381–392 |
Yang, Z. Y., Li, Z. S., Qu, L. F., et al., 1982. The Triassic System of China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 56(1): 1–21 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Zhang, K. X., Huang, J. C., Yin, H. F., et al., 1999. Application of Radiolarian and Other Microbe in the Non-Smith Strata: An Example from the A'nyemaqen Mélange Belt. Science in China (Series D), 29(6): 542–550 (in Chinese) |
Zhang, R. Y., Liou, J. G., Yang, J. S., et al., 2004. Garnet Peridotites in UHP Mountain Belts of China. International Geology Review, 46: 981–1004 doi: 10.2747/0020-6814.46.11.981 |
Zhang, W. S., 1981. Geology of the Dur'ngoi Copper Mine. Geological Publishing House, Beijing (in Chinese) |