Citation: | Zhanwu Lu, Rui Gao, Qiusheng Li, Rizheng He, Chaoyang Kuang, Hesheng Hou, Xiaosong Xiong, Ye Guan, Haiyan Wang, S. L. Klemperer. Test of Deep Feismic Reflection Profiling across Central Uplift of Qiangtang Terrane in Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Earth Science, 2009, 20(2): 438-447. doi: 10.1007/s12583-009-0036-x |
A test of deep seismic reflection profiling across the central uplift or metamorphic belt of the Qiangtang (羌塘) terrane, Tibetan plateau, provides a first image of the crustal structure. Complex reflection patterns in the upper crust are interpreted as a series of folds and thrusts, and bivergent reflections in the lower crust may represent a convergence between the Indian and the Eurasian plates.
BABEL Working Group, 1990. Evidence for Early Proterozoic Plate Tectonics from Seismic Reflection Profiles in the Baltic Shield, Nature, 348: 34–38 doi: 10.1038/348034a0 |
Barazangi, M., Brown, L., 1986. Reflection Seismology: A Global Perspective. Am. Geophys. Union, Geodyn. Ser., 13: 311 http://www.onacademic.com/detail/journal_1000039631604610_c0c0.html |
Bendick, R., Flesch, L., 2007. Reconciling Lithospheric Deformation and Lower Crustal Flow beneath Central Tibet. Geology, 35: 895–898. DOI: 10.1130/G23714A.1 |
Brown, L. D., Zhao, W., Nelson, K. D., et al., 1996. Bright Spots, Structure and Magmatism in Southern Tibet from INDEPTH Seismic Reflection Profiling. Science, 274: 1688–1690 doi: 10.1126/science.274.5293.1688 |
Gao, R., Huang, D. D., Lu, D. Y., et al., 2000. Deep Seismic Reflection Profile across the Juncture Zone between the Tarim Basin and the West Kunlun Mountains. Chinese Sci. Bull., 45: 2281–2286 http://www.cnki.com.cn/article/cjfdtotal-kxtb200017014.htm |
Gao, R., Li, P. W., Li, Q. S., et al., 2001. Deep Process of the Collision and Deformation on the Northern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau: Revelation from Investigation of the Deep Seismic Profiles. Science in China (Series D), 44(S1): 71–78 doi: 10.1007/BF02911973 |
Gao, R., Lu, Z. W., Li, Q. S., et al., 2005. Geophysical Survey and Geodynamic Study of Crust and Upper Mantle in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Episodes, 28(4): 263–273 doi: 10.18814/epiiugs/2005/v28i4/005 |
Gao, R., Ma, Y. S., Li, Q. S., et al., 2006a. Structure of the Lower Crust beneath the Songpan Block and West Qinling Orogen and Their Relation as Revealed by Deep Seismic Reflection Profiling. Geological Bulletin of China, 25(12): 1361–1367 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZQYD200612002.htm |
Gao, R., Wang, H. Y., Ma, Y. S., et al., 2006b. Tectonic Relationships between the Zoigê Basin of the Song-Pan Block and the West Qinling Orogen at Lithosphere Scale: Results of Deep Seismic Reflection Profiling. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 27(5): 411–418 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://www.researchgate.net/publication/313579706_Tectonic_relationships_between_the_Zoige_basin_of_the_Songpan_block_and_the_West_Qinling_orogen_at_lithosphere_scale_Results_of_deep_seismic_reflection_profiling |
Haines, S. S., Klemperer, S. L., Brown, L., et al., 2003. INDEPTH III Seismic Data: From Surface Observations to Deep Crustal Processes in Tibet. Tectonics, 22(1): 1001. DOI: 10.1029/2001TC001305 |
Kapp, P., Yin, A., Manning, C. E., et al., 2003. Tectonic Evolution of the Early Mesozoic Blueschist-Bearing Qiangtang Metamorphic Belt, Central Tibet. Tectonics, 22(4): 1043. DOI: 10.1029/2002TC001383 |
Kapp, P., Yin, A., Manning, C. E., et al., 2000. Blueschist-Bearing Metamorphic Core Complexes in the Qiangtang Block Reveal Deep Crustal Structure of Northern Tibet. Geology, 28(1): 19–22 doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<19:BMCCIT>2.0.CO;2 |
Kind, R., Yuan, X., Saul, J., et al., 2002. Seismic Images of Crust and Upper Mantle beneath Tibet: Evidence for Eurasian Plate Subduction. Science, 298(5596): 1219–1221 doi: 10.1126/science.1078115 |
Klemperer, S. L., 2006. Crustal Flow in Tibet: Geophysical Evidence for the Physical State of Tibetan Lithosphere, and Inferred Patterns of Active Flow. In: Law, R. D., Searle, M. P., Godin, L., eds., Channel Flow, Ductile Extrusion and Exhumation in Continental Collision Zones. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 268:39–70 |
Klemperer, S. L., 2008. Reconciling Lithospheric Deformation and Lower Crustal Flow beneath Central Tibet: Comment. Geology, 36. DOI: 10.1130/G25097C.1 |
Kosarev, G., Kind, R., Sobolev, S. V., et al., 1999. Seismic Evidence for a Detached Indian Lithospheric Mantle beneath Tibet. Science, 283: 1306–1309 doi: 10.1126/science.283.5406.1306 |
Kumar, P., Yuan, X., Kind, R., et al., 2006. Imaging the Colliding Indian and Asia Lithospheric Plates beneath Tibet. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111: B06308. DOI: 10.1029/2005JB003930 |
Leven, J. H., Finlayson, D. M., Wright, C., et al., 1990. Seismic Probing of Continents and Their Margins. Tectonophysics, 173: 641 doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(90)90252-4 |
Li, C., Cheng, L. R., Hu, K., et al., 1995. Study on the Paleo-Tethys Suture Zone of Lungmu Co-Shuanghu, Tibet. Geological Publishing House, Beijing (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Li, C., Dong, Y. S., Zhai, Q. G., et al., 2008. High-Pressure Metamorphic Belt in Qiangtang, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and Its Tectonic Significance. Geological Bulletin of China, 27(1): 27–35 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://www.researchgate.net/publication/286498603_High-pressure_metamorphic_belt_in_Qiangtang_Qinghai-Tibet_Plateau_and_its_tectonic_significance |
Lu, Z. W., Gao, R., Xue, A. M., et al., 2006. New Seismic Reflection Profiles and Basement Structure in Qiangtang Basin, Northern Tibet. Geology in China, 33(2): 286–289 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DIZI200602006.htm |
Matthews, D. H., Smith, C., 1987. Deep Seismic Reflection Profiling of the Continental Lithosphere. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. , 89: 447 |
Meissner, R., Wever, T., Sadowiak, P., 1991. Continental Collisions and Seismic Signature. Geophys. J. Internat. , 105(1): 15–23 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1991.tb03440.x |
Nelson, K. D., Zhao, W. J., Brown, L. D., et al., 1996. Partially Melten Middle Crust beneath Southern Tibet: Synthesis of Project INDEPTH Results. Science, 274: 1684–1688 doi: 10.1126/science.274.5293.1684 |
Owens, T. J., Zandt, G., 1997. Implications of Crustal Property Variations for Models of Tibetan Plateau Evolution. Nature, 387: 37–43 doi: 10.1038/387037a0 |
Ross, A., Brown, L., Passakorn, P., et al., 2004. Deep Reflection Surveying in Central Tibet: Lower-Crustal Layering and Crustal Flow. Geophysical Journal International, 156: 115–128 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02119.x |
Shi, D. N., Zhao, W. J., Brown, L., et al., 2004. Detection of Southward Intracontinental Subduction of Tibetan Lithosphere along the Bangong-Nujiang Suture by P-to-S Converted Waves. Geology, 32(3): 209–212 doi: 10.1130/G19814.1 |
Tilmann, F., Ni, J., INDEPTH-III Seismic Team, 2003. Seismic Imaging of the Down-Welling Indian Lithosphere beneath Central Tibet. Science, 300(5624): 1424–1427 doi: 10.1126/science.1082777 |
Wang, C. S., Yi, H. S., Li, Y., et al., 2001. The Geological Evolution and Prospective Oil and Gas Assessment of the Qiangtang Basin in Northern Tibetan Plateau. Geol. Publ. House, Beijing (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Wang, H. Y., Gao, R., Ma, Y. S., et al., 2007. Basin Range Coupling and Lithosphere Structure between the Zoigê and the West Qinling. Chinese J. Geophys. , 50(2): 472–481 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX200702018.htm |
Wang, J., Tan, F. W., Li, Y. L., et al., 2004. Potential Petroleum Resources Analysis of Key Basins in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Geological Publishing House, Beijing (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Yin, A., Harrison, T. M., 2000. Geologic Evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan Orogen. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. , 28: 211–280 doi: 10.1146/annurev.earth.28.1.211 |
Zhao, W. J., Mechie, J., Brown, L. D., et al., 2001. Crustal Structure of Central Tibet as Derived from Project INDEPTH Wide-Angle Seismic Data. Geophysical Journal International, 145(2): 486–498 doi: 10.1046/j.0956-540x.2001.01402.x |
Zhao, W. J., Nelson, K. D., Meissner, R., 1997. Advances of INDEPTH—A Deep Profiling Study in Tibet and the Himalayas. Episodes, 20(4): 266–272 http://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/academic-journal-foreign_other_thesis/020418256435.html |
Zhao, Z. Z., Li, Y. T., Ye, H. F., et al., 2000a. Petroleum Geology in Qiangtang Basin. Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Zhao, Z. Z., Li, Y. T., Ye, H. F., et al., 2000b. Structure Feature and Evolution of the Tibet Plateau. Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
Zheng, H. W., Li, T. D., Gao, R., et al., 2007. Teleseismic P-Wave Tomography Evidence for the Indian Lithospheric Mantle Subducting Northward beneath the Qiangtang Terrane. Chinese J. Geophys., 50(5): 1418–1426 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://agu.org/wps/ChineseJGeo/50/05/zhw.pdf |