Advanced Search

Indexed by SCI、CA、РЖ、PA、CSA、ZR、etc .

Volume 22 Issue 4
Aug 2011
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Xiaoyu Zhang, Ross Edwards. Anthropogenic Sulfate and Nitrate Signals in Snow from Bogda Glacier, Eastern Tianshan. Journal of Earth Science, 2011, 22(4): 490-502. doi: 10.1007/s12583-011-0196-3
Citation: Xiaoyu Zhang, Ross Edwards. Anthropogenic Sulfate and Nitrate Signals in Snow from Bogda Glacier, Eastern Tianshan. Journal of Earth Science, 2011, 22(4): 490-502. doi: 10.1007/s12583-011-0196-3

Anthropogenic Sulfate and Nitrate Signals in Snow from Bogda Glacier, Eastern Tianshan

doi: 10.1007/s12583-011-0196-3
Funds:

the National Basic Research Program of China 2010CB951003

the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences KZCX2-EW-311

the program for New Century Excellent Talents in University NCET-10-0019

the Fund of SKLCS SKLCS-ZZ-2010-04

More Information
  • Corresponding author: Xiaoyu Zhang, zhangxiaoyu800820@163.com
  • Received Date: 15 Nov 2010
  • Accepted Date: 08 Apr 2011
  • Publish Date: 01 Aug 2011
  • A 1.2 m snow pit was recovered on July 29th, 2009 from the Bogda Glacier, eastern Tianshan (天山). The sample site temperature of −9.6 ℃ indicates that the unique glaciochemical record was well preserved and suitable for the reconstruction of air pollution levels in this previously unexplored region. Samples were analyzed for major ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+, Cl, SO42−, NO3, HCOO, and CH3COO). NO3 and SO42− were characterized by significant high levels of pollution concentration. Most air masses backward trajectories ending in December 2008 have passed the Urumqi City center, while some even traveled across the primary nuclear weapons testing venue of the former Soviet Union (STS). The mean pH value of snow samples is coincident with the average value of Urumqi's aerosol, and the ratio of [NO3]/[SO42−] in the snow pit generally agrees with the value of the Urumqi winter aerosols. In addition, the [HCOO]/[CH3COO] ratio of snow samples is only 0.7, lower than unity. These analyses indicate that SO42− and NO3 in the Bogda Glacier are the result of anthropogenic pollutions.

     

  • loading
  • Aizen, V. B., Aizen, E. M., Melack, J. M., et al., 2004. Association between Atmospheric Circulation Patterns and Firn-Ice Core Records from the Inilchek Glacierized Area, Central Tien Shan, Asia. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109(D08): D08304 http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2b3a/38537d690d7cf52aadb5ec7c6eeb2da203a3.pdf
    Arimoto, R., Duce, R. A., Savoie, D. L., et al., 1996. Relationships among Aerosol Constituents from Asia and the North Pacific during Pem-West A. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(D1): 2011-2023 doi: 10.1029/95JD01071
    Backman, S. R., Peden, M. E., 1987. Determination of Organic Acid Anions in Precipitation by Ion Chromatography Exclusion. Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 33(1-2): 191-198 http://eurekamag.com/pdf/001/001561536.pdf
    Baltensperger, U., Kern, S., 1988. Determination of Mono-Valent and Divalent-Cations and Anions in Small Fog Samples by Ion Chromatography. Journal of Chromatography, 439(1): 121-127 doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)81680-0
    Belikova, T. V., Vasilenko, V. N., Nazarov, I. M., et al., 1984. Characteristics of Background Sulfate Pollution of the Snow Cover on the Territory of the USSR. Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, 9: 47-55 http://www.researchgate.net/publication/297113470_Characteristics_of_background_sulfate_pollution_of_the_snow_cover_on_the_territory_of_the_USSR
    Brimblecombe, P., Clegg, S. L., Davies, T. D., et al., 1987. Observations of the Preferential Loss of Major Ions from Melting Snow and Laboratory Ice. Water Research, 21(10): 1279-1286 doi: 10.1016/0043-1354(87)90181-3
    Dibb, J. E., Whitlow, S. I., Arsenault, M., 2007. Seasonal Variations in the Soluble Ion Content of Snow at Summit. Greenland: Constraints from Three Years of Daily Surface Snow Samples. Atmospheric Environment, 41(24): 5007-5019 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231006012520
    Dong, Z. W., Li, Z. Q., Zhang, M. J., et al., 2010. Chemistry and Environmental Significance of Snow on Haxilegen Glacier No. 51 in Kuytun of Eastern Tianshan Mountains. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 30(1): 149-156 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DLKX201001023.htm
    Döscher, A., Gäggeler, H. W., Schotterer, U., et al., 1995. A 130 Years Deposition Record of Sulfate, Nitrate and Chloride from a High-Alpine Glacier. Water Air & Soil Pollution, 85(2): 603-609 doi: 10.1007/BF00476895
    Eichler, A., Schwikowski, M., Gäggeler, H. W., 2001. Melt-Waterinduced Relocation of Chemical Species in Alpine Firn. Tellus, 53B(2): 192-203
    Falkovich, A. H., Ganor, E., Levin, Z., et al., 2001. Chemical and Mineralogical Analysis of Individual Mineral Dust Particles. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106(D16): 18029-18036 doi: 10.1029/2000JD900430
    Feng, Y. G., Peng, L., Wu, J. H., et al., 2005. Analytical Studies on Source of TSP and PM10 in Environmental Air of Urumchi City. China Environment Science, 25(Suppl. ): 30-33 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://www.researchgate.net/publication/279909350_Analytic_studies_on_source_of_TSP_and_PM10_in_environmental_air_of_Urumqi_city?ev=auth_pub
    Galloway, J. N., Gaudry, A., 1984. The Composition of Precipitation on Amsterdam-Island, Indian-Ocean. Atmospheric Environment, 18(12): 2649-2656 doi: 10.1016/0004-6981(84)90329-9
    Galloway, J. N., Zhao, D. W., Xiong, J. L., et al., 1987. Acid Rain: China, United States, and a Remote Area. Science, 236(4808): 1559-1562 doi: 10.1126/science.236.4808.1559
    Gao, Y., Arimoto, R., Zhou, M. Y., et al., 1992. Relationships between the Dust Concentrations over Eastern Asia and the Remote North Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97(D9): 9867-9872 doi: 10.1029/92JD00714
    Herron, M. M., 1982. Impurity Sources of F, Cl, NO3 and SO42− in Greenland and Antarctic Precipitation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 87(NC4): 3052-3060 doi: 10.1029/JC087iC04p03052
    Hou, S. G., Qin, D. H., Ren, J. W., 1999. The Present Environmental Processes of Ice Core pH and Conductivity Records: A Case Study at the Headwaters of the Ürümqi River. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 21(4): 371-379 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://www.bcdt.ac.cn/EN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=1741
    Huang, G. Q., 2006. Variation Analysis of Air Pollution in Ürümqi City Center. Gansu Agriculture, 6: 281 (in Chinese)
    Kahl, J. D. W., Martinez, D. A., Kuhns, H., et al., 1997. Air Mass Trajectories to Summit, Greenland: A 44-Year Climatology and Some Episodic Events. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102(C12): 26861-26875 doi: 10.1029/97JC00296
    Kaiser, D. P., Qian, Y., 2002. Decreasing Trends in Sunshine Duration over China for 1954-1998: Indication of Increased Haze Pollution? Geophysical Research Letters, 29: 2042-2045 doi: 10.1029/2002GL016057
    Kang, S. C., Huang, J., Xu, Y. W., 2008. Changes in Ionic Concentrations and δ18O in the Snowpack of Zhadang Glacier, Nyainqentanglha Mountain, Southern Tibetan Plateau. Annals of Glaciology, 49(1): 127-134 http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jie_Huang47/publication/233664901_Changes_in_ionic_concentrations_and_18O_in_the_snowpack_of_Zhadang_glacier_Nyainqentanglha_mountain_southern_Tibetan_Plateau/links/55e1562b08ae6abe6e8ae8f5/Changes-in-ionic-concentrations-and-18O-in-the-snowpack-of-Zhadang-glacier-Nyainqentanglha-mountain-southern-Tibetan-Plateau.pdf
    Keene, W. C., Galloway, J. N., 1984. Organic Acidity in Precipitation of North America. Atmospheric Environment, 18(11): 2491-2497 doi: 10.1016/0004-6981(84)90020-9
    Kreutz, K. J., Aizen, V. B., Cecil, L. D., et al., 2001. Oxygen Isotopic and Soluble Ionic Composition of a Shallow Firn Core, Inilchek Glacier, Central Tien Shan. Journal of Glaciology, 47(159): 548-554 doi: 10.3189/172756501781831819
    Lee, X. Q., Qin, D. H., Jiang, G. B., et al., 2003. Atmospheric Pollution of a Remote Area of Tianshan Mountain: Ice Core Record. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(D14): 4406
    Legrand, M., Delmas, R. J., 1987. A 220-Year Continuous Record of Volcanic H2SO4 in the Antarctic Ice-Sheet. Nature, 327(6124): 671-676 http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v327/n6124/pdf/.pdf
    Legrand, M., Mayewski, P., 1997. Glaciochemistry of Polar Ice Cores: A Review. Reviews of Geophysics, 35(3): 219-243
    Li, J., Zhuang, G. S., Huang, K., et al., 2008. Characteristics and Sources of Air-Borne Particulate in Urumqi, China, the Upstream Area of Asia Dust. Atmospheric Environment, 42(4): 776-787
    Li, X. Y., Liu, S. Y., Han, T. D., et al., 2008. Ion Concentration in Snow Pits on Glaciers in Eastern Tianshan Mountain-Take Haxilegen Glacier No. 51 of Kuitun River and Hami Miaoergou Flat-Topped Glacier as an Example. Advances in Earth Science, 23(12): 1268-1276 (in Chinese with English Abstract)
    Li, Z. Q., Edwards, R., Mosley-Thompson, E., et al., 2006. Seasonal Variability of Ionic Concentrations in Surface Snow and Elution Processes in Snow-Firn Packs at the PGPI Site on Ürümqi Glacier No. 1, Eastern Tien Shan, China. Annals of Glaciology, 43: 250-256
    Li, Z. Q., Lu, G. X., Liu, B. Z., et al., 1999. Ice Core Dust Particulate by XPS-SEM/EDAX-Impact of Dust Particulate on SO42− Record in Ice Cores. Chinese Science Bulletin, 44(15): 1424-1427
    Li, Z. Q., Yao, T. D., Xie, Z. C., 1995. The Studies of SO42− and NO3 in Aerosol. Advance in Earth Sciences, 10(3): 289-295 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://www.adearth.ac.cn/EN/abstract/abstract1565.shtml
    Li, Z. Q., Yao, T. D., Xie, Z. C., et al., 1994. Modern Atmospheric Environmental Records in Guliya Ice-Cap of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Chinese Science Bulletin, 40(10): 874-876
    Mamtimin, B., Meixner, F. X., 2007. The Characteristics of Airpollution in the Semi-Arid City of Urumqi (NW China) and Its Relation to Climatological Process. Geophysical Research Abstracts, 9: 06537
    Marenco, F., Bonasoni, P., Calzolari, F., et al., 2006. Characterization of Atmospheric Aerosols at Monte Cimone, Italy, during Summer 2004: Source Apportionment and Transport Mechanisms. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111(D24): D24202
    Maupetit, F., Delmas, R. J., 1994. Snow Chemistry of High-Altitude Glaciers in the French Alps. Tellus, 46(4): 304-324 doi: 10.3402/tellusb.v46i4.15806?needAccess=true
    Ming, J., Zhang, D. Q., Kang, S. C., et al., 2007. Aerosol and Fresh Snow Chemistry in the East Rongbuk Glacier on the Northern Slope of Mt. Qomolangma (Everest). Journal of Geophysical Research, 112(D15): D15307 doi: 10.1029/2007JD008618/full
    Mori, I., Nishikawa, M., Iwasaka, Y., et al., 1998. Chemical Reaction during the Coagulation of Ammonium Sulphate and Mineral Particles in the Atmosphere. Science of the Total Environment, 224(1-3): 87-91 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969798003234
    Okitsugu, W., Nobuko, K., Yutaka, A., et al., 1983. A Preliminary Report on the Chemical Composition of Glaciers in the Eastern Tian Shan Mountains. Journal of Glaciology and Cryopedology, 5(3): 91-100 http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-BCDT198303010.htm
    Olivier, S., Schwikowski, M., Brutsch, S., et al., 2003. Glaciochemical Investigation of an Ice Core from Belukha Glacier, Siberian Altai. Geophysical Research Letters, 30(19): 2019 http://people.ee.ethz.ch/~luethim/pdf/GRL2003Olivier.pdf
    Parker, B. C., Heiskill, L. E., Thompson, W. J., et al., 1978. Non-Biogenic Fixed Nitrogen in Antarctica and Some Ecological Implications. Nature, 271(5646): 651-652 http://www.onacademic.com/detail/journal_1000034744885310_7af2.html
    Preunkert, S., Legrand, M., Wagenbach, D., 2001. Sulfate Trends in a Col du Dome (French Alps) Ice Core: A Record of Anthropogenic Sulfate Levels in the European Midtroposphere over the Twentieth Century. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106(D23): 31991-32004 doi: 10.1029/2000JD900635
    Ramachandran, S., 2005. PM2.5 Mass Concentrations in Comparison with Aerosol Optical Depths over the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean during Winter Monsoon. Atmospheric Environment, 39(10): 1879-1890 http://www.onacademic.com/detail/journal_1000035026172810_ab4c.html
    Saltzman, E. S., Savoie, D. L., Zika, R. G., et al., 1983. Methane Sulfonic Acid in the Marine Atmosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 88(NC15): 897-902 http://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hw8153b.pdf
    Schwikowski, M., Döscher, A., Gäggeler, H. W., et al., 1999. Anthropogenic versus Natural Sources of Atmospheric Sulphate from an Alpine Ice Core. Tellus, 51(5): 938-951
    Shen, Z. X., Li, L. Z., Du, N., et al., 2007. Mass Concentration and Water-Soluble Ions in Spring Aerosol (PM2.5) at Xi'an. Ecology and Environment, 16(4): 1193-1198 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-TRYJ200704028.htm
    Shi, Y. F., Li, J. J., 1991. Glaciological research of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in China. In Proceedings of Symposium on Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau. Science Press, Beijing. 1589-1597 (in Chinese) http://www.onacademic.com/detail/journal_1000039743266610_91a4.html
    Sun, J. Y., Qin, D. H., Mayewski, P. A., et al., 1998. Soluble Species in Aerosol and Snow and Their Relationship at Glacier 1, Tien Shan, China, Journal of Geophysical Research, 103(D21): 28021-28028
    Talbot, R. W., Beecher, K. M., Harriss, R. C., et al., 1988. Atmospheric Geochemistry of Formic and Acetic Acids at a Mid-Latitude Temperate Site, Journal of Geophysical Research, 93(D2): 1638-1652
    Tranter, M., Tsiouris, S., Davies, T. D., et al., 1992. A Laboratory Investigation of the Leaching of Solute from Snowpack by Rainfall. Hydrological Processes, 6(2): 169-178 http://www.onacademic.com/detail/journal_1000033847707310_9dcc.html
    Wake, C. P., Mayewski, P. A., Li, Z., 1994. Modern Eolian Dust Deposition in Central Asia. Tellus, 46(3): 220-233 doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1994.t01-2-00005.x
    Wake, C. P., Mayewski, P. A., Spencer, M. J., 1990. A Review of Central Asian Glaciochemical Data. Annals of Glaciology, 14: 301-306
    Wake, C. P., Mayewski, P. A., Wang, P., et al., 1992. Anthropogenic Sulfate and Asian Dust Signals in Snow from Tien Shan, Northwest China. Annals of Glaciology, 16: 45-52
    Williams, M. A., Tonnessen, K. A., Melack, J. M., et al., 1992. Sources and Spatial Variation of the Chemical Composition of Snow in the Tien Shan, China. Annals of Glaciology, 16: 25-32 http://www.onacademic.com/detail/journal_1000040129768810_caf0.html
    Wilson, A. T., House, D. A., 1965. Fixation of Nitrogen by Aurora and Its Contribution to the Nitrogen Balance of the Earth. Nature, 205: 793-794 http://www.nature.com/articles/205793b0.pdf
    Wu, G. H., Yutaka, A., Qiu, J. Q., 1983. Physical Geographic Features and Climatic Conditions of Glacial Development in Bogda Area, Tianshan. Journal of Glaciology and Cryopedology, 5(3): 5-16 (in Chinese with English Abstract)
    Xiao, C. D., Qin, D. H., Ren, J. W., et al., 2002. Glaciochemistry Distribution in the Surface Snow/Ice in Some Key Re gions of the Cryosphere: The Environmental Significance. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 24(5): 492-499 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://www.researchgate.net/publication/281338913_Glaciochemistry_distribution_in_the_surface_snowice_in_some_key_regions_of_the_cryosphere_the_environmental_significance
    Xiao, H. Y., Liu, C. Q., 2004. Chemical Characteristics of Water Soluble Components in TSP over Guiyang, SW China, 2003. Atmospheric Environment, 38(37): 6297-6306 http://www.onacademic.com/detail/journal_1000035026664110_d7f7.html
    Yao, X. H., Chan, C. K., Fang, M., et al., 2002. The Water-Soluble Ionic Composition of PM2.5 in Shanghai and Beijing, China. Atmospheric Environment, 36(26): 4223-4234 http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tai_Chan/publication/222544419_The_Water-Soluble_Ionic_Composition_of_PM25_in_Shanghai_and_Beijing_China/links/00b7d515e548331775000000.pdf
    Zhao, D., Sun, B., 1986. Air Pollution and Acid Rain in China. Ambio, 15(1): 2-5 http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jmr1988/5/1/5_1_49/_article/
    Zhao, Z. P., Li, Z. Q., 2004. Determination of Soluble Ions in Atmospheric Aerosol by Ion Chromatography. Modern Scientific Instruments, 5: 46-49 (in Chinese with English Abstract)
    Zhu, Y. M., Li, Z. Q., You, X. N., 2006. Application in Glacier by Accusizer 780A Optical Particle Sizer. Modern Scientific Instruments, 3: 81-84 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://www.researchgate.net/publication/285878007_Application_and_technique_in_glacier_by_Accusizer_780A_optical_particle_sizer
    Zielinski, G. A., Mayewski, P. A., Meeker, L. D., et al., 1994. Record of Volcanism since 7000 B.C. from the GISP2 Greenland Ice Core and Implications for the Volcano-Climate System. Science, 264(5161): 948-952 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17830082/
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Figures(5)  / Tables(3)

    Article Metrics

    Article views(299) PDF downloads(38) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return