| Citation: | Asad Khan, Shah Faisal, Kyle P. Larson, Delores M. Robinson, Huan Li, Zaheen Ullah, Mark Button, Javed Nawab, Muhammad Farhan, Liaqat Ali, Muhammad Ali. Geochemistry and in-situ U-Th/Pb Geochronology of the Jambil Meta-Carbonatites, Northern Pakistan: Implications on Petrogenesis and Tectonic Evolution. Journal of Earth Science, 2023, 34(1): 70-85. doi: 10.1007/s12583-021-1482-3
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The putative Jambil meta-carbonatites of Swat, northern Pakistan, occur as discrete intrusions into the Proterozoic Manglaur Formation, which are difficult to be distinguished from nearby calc-silicate marble because both rock types experienced regional metamorphism during Himalayan orogenesis that resulted in similar mosaic textures and mineral assemblages. Carbonatites are often significant repositories of economic mineral resources and, therefore, are important to be distinguished from calc-silicate marble. We present new geochemical and geochronology data to distinguish between the two rock types and interpret the petrogenesis and tectonic evolution of the Jambil meta-carbonatites. Whole rock chemical data from the Jambil meta-carbonatites show characteristically high rare earth element (REE), Sr contents and lack of negative Eu anomaly, consistent with average calcio-carbonatite values worldwide and an igneous origin. More than 0.5 wt.% SrO in the meta-carbonatites and SrO > 0.15 wt.% in constituent rock forming calcite are discriminating signatures of the Jambil meta-carbonatites. Chemically, the Jambil meta-carbonatites are relatively depleted in Rb, Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr and Hf, relatively enriched in Ba, Th, Sr, and have a high LREE/HREE ratio when normalized to primitive mantle. Their carbon and oxygen isotope compositions vary from -3.5‰ to -4.3‰ and from 9.7‰ to 12.3‰, respectively. These geochemical characteristics indicate generation of the carbonatites through small degree of partial melting from a carbonated eclogitic source.
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