| Citation: | Muhammad Kamran, Xiewen Hu, Muhammad Awais Hussain, Muhammad Sanaullah, Randa Ali, Kun He. Dynamic Response and Deformation Behavior of Kadui-2 Landslide Influenced by Reservoir Impoundment and Rainfall, Baoxing, China. Journal of Earth Science, 2023, 34(3): 911-923. doi: 10.1007/s12583-022-1649-6
|
This study focuses on the deformation characteristics of Kadui-2 Landslide by the influence of reservoir filling-drawdown and precipitation. A three-year monitoring project was implemented in order to observe the short/long-term deformation. The slide mass experienced consistent deformation with a maximum cumulative displacement of 331.34 cm. Based on the recorded data of reservoir water level and precipitation during this period, a two-dimensional (2-D) finite element model using Geostudio software was set up for deformation simulation under different conditions to understand the real influence of these triggering factors on landslide. The numerical simulation results are in consistent with monitoring field data. Both numerical simulation and field monitoring results exhibit that the maximum deformation occurred at the foreside of slumping mass. The slip surface shows significant creep characteristics decreasing as long-term shear strength reducing gradually. Reservoir water level fluctuation is the primary triggering factor to reactivate the landslide mass and has a negative correlation with deformation rate. Displacement rate increases with the reservoir drawdown and decreases with impoundment rise. Compared with reservoir filling-drawdown operation, rainfall has no significant effect on the slide motion of landslide due to limited penetration from the ground surface.
| Akgun, A., Kıncal, C., Pradhan, B., 2012. Application of Remote Sensing Data and GIS for Landslide Risk Assessment as an Environmental Threat to Izmir City (West Turkey). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184(9): 5453–5470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2352-8 |
| Ataie-Ashtiani, B., Yavari-Ramshe, S., 2011. Numerical Simulation of Wave Generated by Landslide Incidents in Dam Reservoirs. Landslides, 8(4): 417–432. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-011-0258-8 |
| Bao, Y. H., He, X. B., Wen, A. B., et al., 2018. Dynamic Changes of Soil Erosion in a Typical Disturbance Zone of China's Three Gorges Reservoir. Catena, 169: 128–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.05.032 |
| Borja, R. I., White, J. A., Liu, X. Y., et al., 2012. Factor of Safety in a Partially Saturated Slope Inferred from Hydro-Mechanical Continuum Modeling. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 36(2): 236–248. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.1021 |
| Burchfiel, B. C., Chen, Z. L., Yupinc, L., et al., 1995. Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China. International Geology Review, 37(8): 661–735. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206819509465424 |
| Chen, L. C., Ran, Y. K., Wang, H., et al., 2013. The Lushan MS 7.0 Earthquake and Activity of the Southern Segment of the Longmenshan Fault Zone. Chinese Science Bulletin, 58(28/29): 3475–3482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-013-6009-6 |
| Chen, M. L., Lü, P. F., Zhang, S. L., et al., 2018. Time Evolution and Spatial Accumulation of Progressive Failure for Xinhua Slope in the Dagangshan Reservoir, Southwest China. Landslides, 15(3): 565–580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-018-0946-8 |
| Conte, E., Donato, A., Troncone, A., 2017. A Simplified Method for Predicting Rainfall-Induced Mobility of Active Landslides. Landslides, 14(1): 35–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-016-0692-8 |
| Cook, K. L., Royden, L. H., Burchfiel, B. C., et al., 2013. Constraints on Cenozoic Tectonics in the Southwestern Longmen Shan from Low-Temperature Thermochronology. Lithosphere, 5(4): 393–406. https://doi.org/10.1130/l263.1 |
| He, K. Q., Zhao, M., Zhang, Y. J., et al., 2017. Unload-Load Displacement Response Ratio Parameter and Its Application in Prediction of Debris Landslide Induced by Rainfall. Environmental Earth Sciences, 76(1): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-6372-0 |
| Huang, B. L., Yin, Y. P., Liu, G. N., et al., 2012. Analysis of Waves Generated by Gongjiafang Landslide in Wu Gorge, Three Gorges Reservoir, on November 23, 2008. Landslides, 9(3): 395–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-012-0331-y |
| Huang, M. S., Fan, X. P., Wang, H. R., 2017. Three-Dimensional Upper Bound Stability Analysis of Slopes with Weak Interlayer Based on Rotational-Translational Mechanisms. Engineering Geology, 223: 82–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.04.017 |
| Huang, Q. X., Wang, J. L., Xue, X., 2016. Interpreting the Influence of Rainfall and Reservoir Infilling on a Landslide. Landslides, 13(5): 1139–1149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-015-0644-8 |
| Jiang, J. W., Ehret, D., Xiang, W., et al., 2011. Numerical Simulation of Qiaotou Landslide Deformation Caused by Drawdown of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Environmental Earth Sciences, 62(2): 411–419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0536-0 |
| Jiao, Y. Y., Song, L., Tang, H. M., et al., 2014. Material Weakening of Slip Zone Soils Induced by Water Level Fluctuation in the Ancient Landslides of Three Gorges Reservoir. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2014: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/202340 |
| Liao, H. J., Sheng, Q., Gao, S. H., et al., 2005. Influence of Drawdown of Reservoir Water Level on Landslide Stability. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 24(19): 3454–3458 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-YSLX200519007.htm |
| Liao, K., Wu, Y. P., Miao, F. S., et al., 2021. Time-Varying Reliability Analysis of Majiagou Landslide Based on Weakening of Hydro-Fluctuation Belt under Wetting-Drying Cycles. Landslides, 18(1): 267–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-020-01496-2 |
| Liu, X. R., Jin, M. H., Li, D. L., et al., 2018. Strength Deterioration of a Shaly Sandstone under Dry-Wet Cycles: A Case Study from the Three Gorges Reservoir in China. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 77(4): 1607–1621. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-017-1107-3 |
| Liu, X. X., Xia, Y. Y., Lian, C., et al., 2005. Research on Method of Landslide Stability Valuation during Sudden Drawdown of Reservoir Level. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 26(9): 1427–1431, 1436. https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2005.09.016 (in Chinese with English Abstract) |
| Ma, F. S., Li, Z. L., Wang, J., et al., 2017. Monitoring and Engineering Geology Analysis of the Zhangmu Landslide in Tibet, China. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 76(3): 855–873. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-016-0901-7 |
| Pan, X. J., Wan, C. Y., Zhang, Z. Y., et al., 2017. Protection and Ecological Restoration of Water Level Fluctuation Zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Journal of Landscape Research, 9(1): 44–50. https://doi.org/10.16785/j.issn 1943-989x.2017.1.011 doi: 10.16785/j.issn1943-989x.2017.1.011 |
| Pastor, M., Haddad, B., Sorbino, G., et al., 2009. A Depth-Integrated, Coupled SPH Model for Flow-Like Landslides and Related Phenomena. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 33(2): 143–172. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.705 |
| Qi, S., Vanapalli, S. K., 2016. Influence of Swelling Behavior on the Stability of an Infinite Unsaturated Expansive Soil Slope. Computers and Geotechnics, 76: 154–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo. 2016.02.018 doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2016.02.018 |
| Sidle, R. C., Bogaard, T. A., 2016. Dynamic Earth System and Ecological Controls of Rainfall-Initiated Landslides. Earth-Science Reviews, 159: 275–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.05.013 |
| Sun, H. Y., Wong, L. N. Y., Shang, Y. Q., et al., 2010. Evaluation of Drainage Tunnel Effectiveness in Landslide Control. Landslides, 7(4): 445–454. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-010-0210-3 |
| Tang, C. S., Wang, D. Y., Shi, B., et al., 2016. Effect of Wetting-Drying Cycles on Profile Mechanical Behavior of Soils with Different Initial Conditions. Catena, 139: 105–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena. 2015.12.015 doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2015.12.015 |
| Tang, H. M., Li, C. D., Hu, X. L., et al., 2015. Deformation Response of the Huangtupo Landslide to Rainfall and the Changing Levels of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 74(3): 933–942. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-014-0671-z |
| Wang, F. W., Zhang, Y. M., Huo, Z. T., et al., 2008. Movement of the Shuping Landslide in the First Four Years after the Initial Impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam Reservoir, China. Landslides, 5(3): 321–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-008-0128-1 |
| Wang, H. L., Xu, W. Y., 2013. Stability of Liangshuijing Landslide under Variation Water Levels of Three Gorges Reservoir. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 17(Suppl. ): 158–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2013.834592 |
| Wieczorek, G. F., Geist, E. L., Motyka, R. J., et al., 2007. Hazard Assessment of the Tidal Inlet Landslide and Potential Subsequent Tsunami, Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska. Landslides, 4(3): 205–215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-007-0084-1 |
| Wu, M. L., Zhang, C. Y., Fan, T. Y., et al., 2016. Stress State of the Baoxing Segment of the Southwestern Longmenshan Fault Zone before and after the Ms 7.0 Lushan Earthquake. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 121: 9–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.02.004 |
| Xia, M., Ren, G. M., Zhu, S. S., et al., 2015. Relationship between Landslide Stability and Reservoir Water Level Variation. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 74(3): 909–917. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-014-0654-0 |
| Xiong, K., He, Y. L., Cao, X. X., 2009. Analysis of Effect of Wenchuan Earthquake on Qiaoqi Dam. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, 42(1): 33–37 (in Chinese with English Abstract) http://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/14_S31-032.PDF |
| Xue, D. M., Li, T. B., Wei, Y. X., et al., 2015. Mechanism of Reactivated Badu Landslide in the Badu Mountain Area, Southwest China. Environmental Earth Sciences, 73(8): 4305–4312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3714-7 |
| Zhang, Y. Q., Dong, S. W., Hou, C. T., et al., 2013. Seismogenic Structure of the April 20, 2013, Lushan Ms7 Earthquake in Sichuan. Acta Geologica Sinica—English Edition, 87(3): 633–645. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.12075 |
| Zhou, J. W., Cui, P., Hao, M. H., 2016. Comprehensive Analyses of the Initiation and Entrainment Processes of the 2000 Yigong Catastrophic Landslide in Tibet, China. Landslides, 13(1): 39–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-014-0553-2 |
Figures(8) / Tables(2)
Copyright © 2013-2020 Journal of Earth Science 鄂ICP备15021562号-2
Tel: +86-27-67885075 Fax: +86-27-67885075 E-mail: xbb@cug.edu.cn
Address: Editorial Office of Journal, China University of Geosciences, Yujiashan, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
Supported by:
Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd
E-mail:
info@rhhz.net
DownLoad:
