Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of the Tertiary Choke Shield Basalt and Continental Flood Basalt from the Central Ethiopian Plateau

Junaid Khan; Huazhou Yao; Junhong Zhao; Qiwei Li; Wenshuai Xiang; Junsheng Jiang; Asma Tahir

doi:10.1007/s12583-022-1729-7

Volume 34 Issue 1

Feb 2023

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Journal of Earth Science > 2023 > 34(1): 86-100.

Junaid Khan, Huazhou Yao, Junhong Zhao, Qiwei Li, Wenshuai Xiang, Junsheng Jiang, Asma Tahir. Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of the Tertiary Choke Shield Basalt and Continental Flood Basalt from the Central Ethiopian Plateau. Journal of Earth Science, 2023, 34(1): 86-100. doi: 10.1007/s12583-022-1729-7

Citation:

Junaid Khan, Huazhou Yao, Junhong Zhao, Qiwei Li, Wenshuai Xiang, Junsheng Jiang, Asma Tahir. Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of the Tertiary Choke Shield Basalt and Continental Flood Basalt from the Central Ethiopian Plateau. Journal of Earth Science, 2023, 34(1): 86-100. doi: 10.1007/s12583-022-1729-7

Citation:

Junaid Khan, Huazhou Yao, Junhong Zhao, Qiwei Li, Wenshuai Xiang, Junsheng Jiang, Asma Tahir. Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of the Tertiary Choke Shield Basalt and Continental Flood Basalt from the Central Ethiopian Plateau. Journal of Earth Science, 2023, 34(1): 86-100. doi: 10.1007/s12583-022-1729-7

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Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of the Tertiary Choke Shield Basalt and Continental Flood Basalt from the Central Ethiopian Plateau

doi: 10.1007/s12583-022-1729-7

Junaid Khan^{1, 2, 4
,
,},
Huazhou Yao^{1, 4
,
,},
Junhong Zhao^{2, 3},
Qiwei Li^{2, 3},
Wenshuai Xiang⁴,
Junsheng Jiang⁴,
Asma Tahir¹

1.
Institute of Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
3.
Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
4.
Wuhan Center, China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, China

More Information

Corresponding author: Junaid Khan, Junaidkhan5615@yahoo.com; Huazhou Yao, ycxc2009@126.com
Received Date: 28 May 2022
Accepted Date: 15 Aug 2022

Available Online: 02 Feb 2023

Issue Publish Date: 28 Feb 2023

Abstract

Abstract

The voluminous Choke Shield basalts and flood basalts are distributed in the central Ethiopian Plateau. They are tholeiitic in composition and have OIB-like geochemical features. The ca. 23 Ma Choke Shield basalts have SiO₂ (47.1 wt.%-59.6 wt.%), MgO (1.01 wt.%-7.8 wt.%), Na₂O + K₂O (2.7 wt.%-8.4 wt.%), and display right inclined REE patterns ((La/Yb)_N = 21.4-24.2) with enrichment of Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf and Pb in the primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagrams. They show low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.703 47-0.703 77) and high ε_Nd(t) values (+4.4 to +5.0). In comparison, the 24 Ma high-Ti (HT1) flood basalts have SiO₂ (38.9 wt.%-50.8 wt.%), MgO (3.9 wt.%-11.4 wt.%), Na₂O + K₂O (1.6 wt.%-5.8 wt.%), and display right inclined REE patterns ((La/Yb)_N= 24-130.3) with enrichment of Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, and Pb. They also show low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.703 30-0.704 44) and high ε_Nd(t) values (+2.2 to +5.3). Both types of basalts were contaminated by minor crustal materials and underwent fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene, plagioclase, olivine, and minor Fe-Ti oxide. The Choke Shield basalts were generated by 1%-5% melting of garnet-spinel to phlogopite-bearing spinel lherzolite in a shallow zone of the mantle plume, while the flood basalts were formed by < 20% melting of amphibole-bearing garnet to garnet-spinel lherzolite in a deeper zone of the same mantle plume. The mantle source beneath the central Ethiopian Plateau was significantly heterogeneous during the Tertiary. It was characterized by EMI and EMII end-members that were formed by the metasomatism of the different components.
- basalt,
- shield basalt,
- continental flood basalt,
- Ethiopian Plateau,
- mantle plume

Electronic Supplementary Materials: Supplementary materials (Tables S1–S5) are available in the online version of this article at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-022-1729-7

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