| Citation: | Peiwen Chen, Tiancheng Zhou, Yong Fu, Qingdong Zeng. Multi-Stage Magmatic and Hydrothermal Events Formed Giant Caosiyao Porphyry Mo Deposit in the Northern Margin of North China Craton. Journal of Earth Science, 2026, 37(1): 92-113. doi: 10.1007/s12583-023-1827-1
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The formation of Caosiyao giant porphyry Mo deposit is related to three granitic porphyries: coarse-grained granite porphyry (CG), fine-grained granite porphyry (FG), and giant plagioclase phenocryst bearing granite porphyry (PG). To investigate the mineralization significance of three porphyries, Microthermometry, Laser micro-Raman Spectra, and H-O-He-Ar isotope analyses of fluid inclusions were conducted. Intermediate density with high temperatures (> 550 ℃) and moderate-low salinities (~10 wt.%) characterizes CG-related initial exsolved fluids. Vapor-rich and brine phases separated from the initial fluid following a continuous decrease in pressure and temperature, inducing molybdenite precipitation. FG-related initial fluids are characterized by high temperatures (> 550 ℃) and salinities (> 65 wt.%). The mixing of low-salinity fluids led to a rapid decrease in the salinity of FG-related fluid, promoting the deposit of the Mo element. The lead-zinc mineralization is closely related to the FG-related fluid, and the addition of meteoric fluid induced the formation of galena and sphalerite. The ore-forming fluid related to the PG is CO2-rich and accompanied by the addition of mantle-derived He-Ar. The presence of CO2 did not contribute to the solubility of Mo, resulting in the absence of a considerable amount of molybdenite.
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