Oligocene High-Silica Felsic Magmatism in Juvenile Intra-Oceanic Arc Crust, North Sulawesi Arc, Indonesia

Xianghong Lu; Chengshi Gan; Peter A. Cawood; Xin Qian; Yuejun Wang

doi:10.1007/s12583-024-0038-8

Volume 36 Issue 3

Jun 2025

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Journal of Earth Science > 2025 > 36(3): 880-893.

Xianghong Lu, Chengshi Gan, Peter A. Cawood, Xin Qian, Yuejun Wang. Oligocene High-Silica Felsic Magmatism in Juvenile Intra-Oceanic Arc Crust, North Sulawesi Arc, Indonesia. Journal of Earth Science, 2025, 36(3): 880-893. doi: 10.1007/s12583-024-0038-8

Citation:

Xianghong Lu, Chengshi Gan, Peter A. Cawood, Xin Qian, Yuejun Wang. Oligocene High-Silica Felsic Magmatism in Juvenile Intra-Oceanic Arc Crust, North Sulawesi Arc, Indonesia. Journal of Earth Science, 2025, 36(3): 880-893. doi: 10.1007/s12583-024-0038-8

Citation:

Xianghong Lu, Chengshi Gan, Peter A. Cawood, Xin Qian, Yuejun Wang. Oligocene High-Silica Felsic Magmatism in Juvenile Intra-Oceanic Arc Crust, North Sulawesi Arc, Indonesia. Journal of Earth Science, 2025, 36(3): 880-893. doi: 10.1007/s12583-024-0038-8

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Oligocene High-Silica Felsic Magmatism in Juvenile Intra-Oceanic Arc Crust, North Sulawesi Arc, Indonesia

doi: 10.1007/s12583-024-0038-8

Xianghong Lu^{1, 2
,},
Chengshi Gan^{1, 2
,
,},
Peter A. Cawood³,
Xin Qian^{1, 2},
Yuejun Wang^{1, 2}

1.
Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Geodynamics and Geohazards, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
2.
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
3.
School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia

Received Date: 20 Feb 2024
Accepted Date: 22 Jun 2024

Available Online: 11 Jun 2025

Issue Publish Date: 30 Jun 2025

Abstract

Abstract

The North Sulawesi arc (NSUA) constitutes the northern arm of Sulawesi Island and is characterized by complex Cenozoic records of magmatism and tectonics. Zircon U-Pb geochronological and Hf-O isotopic data, whole-rock major oxides, trace elemental, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data of the high-silica granites from the NSUA document their petrogenesis and tectonic setting. Zircon elemental analysis of the granitic samples shows a juvenile oceanic crust origin and the U-Pb geochronology indicates their Oligocene ages between 30.4 and 27.3 Ma. The samples have high SiO₂ (75.05 wt.%–79.38 wt.%) and Na₂O (4.48 wt.%–5.67 wt.%), low K₂O (0.15 wt.%–1.34 wt.%) and MgO (0.07 wt.%–0.91 wt.%) contents, belonging to calc-alkaline I-type high-silica granites. They have enriched LREE and LILE, and depleted HREE and HFSE, showing significant Eu, Sr, Nb, and Ta negative anomalies. These high-silica granites have low (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i ratios (0.704 412–0.704 592), positive ε_Nd(t) values (from +5.1 to +6.6), positive zircon ε_Hf(t) values (from +10.1 to +18.8), low zircon δ¹⁸O values (4.20‰–5.02‰), and similar Pb isotope compositions to the Indian Ocean MORB. Such signatures suggest that these high-silica granites were derived by partial melting process of the juvenile arc crust in an intra-oceanic setting. The felsic magmatism in the NSUA was likely driven by mantle upwelling and decompression melting during the Oligocene, in response to slab roll-back linked with the convergence of the East Sulawesi ophiolitic crust or the microcontinental fragments.
- high-silica granite,
- Oligocene,
- intra-oceanic arc,
- North Sulawesi arc (NSUA),
- geochemistry,
- tectonics

Electronic Supplementary Materials: Supplementary materials (ESM I Analytical Methods and ESM II Tables S1–S5) are available in the online version of this article at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-024-0038-8.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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