| Citation: | Hechun Ruan, Huayong Chen, Wanyu Zhao, Xiao Li. Process and Mechanism of Controlling Outburst Floods of Landslide Dams through Artificial Structures: Physical Experiments. Journal of Earth Science, 2026, 37(3): 1304-1318. doi: 10.1007/s12583-024-0059-3
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The scale of the outburst flood resulting from a landslide dam failure significantly influences the extent of the disaster and losses downstream. This study proposes a method for controlling the discharge of landslide dam failure using the artificial structure (AS). The primary approach involves strategically arranging the designed AS on both sides of the excavated spillway. As the breach is eroded, ASs gradually fall into the breach, serving to control the discharge. Fourteen sets of flume experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of various factors, including AS types, distances from the breach boundary, arrangements, columns, numbers, on the discharge control effectiveness. The mechanism how AS controls outburst discharge was revealed. Results indicate a pronounced control effect of AS on landslide dam-break discharge, with the maximum reducing rate of the peak discharge in the experiment reaching 47.4%. In controlling outburst discharge, four-sided framed structures demonstrate superior performance compared to four-sided solid structures, and serial structures outperform discrete structures. When arranging ASs, it is essential to ensure that the structure initiates its descent into the breach at the onset of the rapid increase in outburst discharge and continues until the peak discharge occurs. Building upon this foundation, augmenting the number of ASs and columns significantly enhances the efficacy of discharge control. The fundamental rationale for this discharge control lies in the AS's capacity to reduce the headward scarp height, constrain sediment transport, and diminish the erosion capacity of the outburst flood, ultimately lowering the breach erosion rate. Lastly, a calculation method for the size design of the AS is established based on mechanical analysis. The research findings offer a new technological option for the emergency disposal of landslide dams.
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