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Volume 37 Issue 2
Apr 2026
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Journal of Earth Science  > 2026  >  37(2): 625-641.
Xinping Liang, Xueyu Yao, Rukai Zhu, Xiaojun Wang, Zhijun Jin, Changrong Li. Clay Mineral Transformation in Medium-High Maturity Shale Oil Reservoir: A Case Study of the Qingshankou Formation, Songliao Basin, Northeast China. Journal of Earth Science, 2026, 37(2): 625-641. doi: 10.1007/s12583-024-0070-8
Citation: Xinping Liang, Xueyu Yao, Rukai Zhu, Xiaojun Wang, Zhijun Jin, Changrong Li. Clay Mineral Transformation in Medium-High Maturity Shale Oil Reservoir: A Case Study of the Qingshankou Formation, Songliao Basin, Northeast China. Journal of Earth Science, 2026, 37(2): 625-641. doi: 10.1007/s12583-024-0070-8
shu

Clay Mineral Transformation in Medium-High Maturity Shale Oil Reservoir: A Case Study of the Qingshankou Formation, Songliao Basin, Northeast China

doi: 10.1007/s12583-024-0070-8
  • 1.

    Institute of Energy, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

  • 2.

    State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing 100871, China

  • 3.

    College of Geosciences/National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China

  • 4.

    Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China

More Information
  • Corresponding author: Xinping Liang, xinping.liang@pku.edu.cn; Rukai Zhu, zrk@petrochina.com
  • Received Date: 16 May 2024
  • Accepted Date: 18 Aug 2024
    • Available Online: 30 Mar 2026
  • Issue Publish Date: 30 Apr 2026
    Abstract

  • Currently, significant hurdles lie ahead in China's lacustrine shale oil exploration and exploitation, particularly due to the high clay mineral content, which severely impacts pore development in organic-rich shales. In this study, we take the medium- to high-maturity shale of the Qingshankou Formation (K2qn) in the Gulong sag, Songliao Basin, China, as an example and analyze the dynamic evolution of the clay minerals and their effects on pore development by core observations, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, physical property and nitrogen adsorption to provide a valuable reference for the effective evaluation of lacustrine clay-rich shale oil reservoirs. Our findings reveal that the dynamic transformation of clay minerals in the Qingshankou Formation is classified into three stages based on diagenesis, thermal maturity, and mineral characteristics: the initial stage (vitrinite reflectivity (Ro) < 0.7%), the rapid transformation stage (Ro = 0.7%–1.3%), and the late diagenesis stage (Ro > 1.3%). Clay minerals play crucial roles in controlling shale reservoirs during the rapid transformation process, which is evidenced by the formation of shrinkage fractures, enhanced pore connectivity, increased porosity, and expanded space for shale oil adsorption and storage. In addition, authigenic quartz can form during the transformation of clay minerals, contributing to increased reservoir brittleness and improving the potential for reservoir fracturing.

     

    • Conflict of Interest
    The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
    #These authors contributed equally to this article
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