Altered Oceanic Crust Source for the Alkaline Rocks with Superchondritic Nb/Ta Ratios Due to the Steep Subduction

Xu Zhao; Ning-Bo Li; He-Cai Niu; Shu-Cheng Tan

doi:10.1007/s12583-024-0072-6

Volume 37 Issue 2

Apr 2026

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Journal of Earth Science > 2026 > 37(2): 443-456.

Xu Zhao, Ning-Bo Li, He-Cai Niu, Shu-Cheng Tan. Altered Oceanic Crust Source for the Alkaline Rocks with Superchondritic Nb/Ta Ratios Due to the Steep Subduction. Journal of Earth Science, 2026, 37(2): 443-456. doi: 10.1007/s12583-024-0072-6

Citation:

Xu Zhao, Ning-Bo Li, He-Cai Niu, Shu-Cheng Tan. Altered Oceanic Crust Source for the Alkaline Rocks with Superchondritic Nb/Ta Ratios Due to the Steep Subduction. Journal of Earth Science, 2026, 37(2): 443-456. doi: 10.1007/s12583-024-0072-6

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Altered Oceanic Crust Source for the Alkaline Rocks with Superchondritic Nb/Ta Ratios Due to the Steep Subduction

doi: 10.1007/s12583-024-0072-6

Xu Zhao^{1, 2, 3
,},
Ning-Bo Li^{2, 3
,
,
,},
He-Cai Niu^{2, 3},
Shu-Cheng Tan^{1, 2
,}

1.
Department of Geology, School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
2.
CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
3.
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China

More Information

Corresponding author: Ning-Bo Li, liningbo@gig.ac.cn
Received Date: 06 May 2024
Accepted Date: 27 Aug 2024

Available Online: 30 Mar 2026

Issue Publish Date: 30 Apr 2026

Abstract

Abstract

The cause resulting in alkaline rocks with superchondritic Nb/Ta ratios remains a geochemical enigma. This paper presents zircon and apatite geochronology, mineralogy, geochemistry, and Nd-Hf-Zn isotope investigation on the Ejinao nepheline syenite from South China to constrain the petrogenesis of alkaline rocks. The occurrence of alkaline minerals, including alkaline feldspar, arfvedsonite, and nepheline, indicate an alkaline feature of the Ejinao nepheline syenite. Zircon and apatite from the rock show U-Pb concordia age of 135.4 ± 0.9 and 137.5 ± 5.8 Ma, respectively, suggesting generation in the Early Cretaceous. The rock is characterized by low MgO (0.17 wt.%–0.26 wt.%) contents, but high Fe₂O₃^T (4.66 wt.%–6.16 wt.%) and total alkalis (Na₂O + K₂O = 12.1 wt.%–13.1 wt.%) contents, consistent with the melts from subducting oceanic crust rather than mantle peridotite. The rock has low TiO₂ (0.13 wt.%–0.21 wt.%) contents and superchondritic Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf ratios, resulting from rutile residue in the source area. The ε_Nd(t) (-1.35 to -1.09), ε_Hf(t) (-3.03 to -1.52), and δ⁶⁶Zn (0.32‰ to 0.34‰) values of the nepheline syenite manifest the involvement of 15%–20% carbonate-bearing sediments in the altered oceanic crust. Geochemical modeling further reveals that the nepheline syenite was sourced from 10%–20% melting of such a source. This superchondritic Nb/Ta nepheline syenite was generated during the steep subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean, which is needed to bring oceanic slab to a hot mantle and resulted in the altered oceanic crust melting. Our study highlights that the altered oceanic crust represents a novel source for superchondritic Nb/Ta alkaline rocks.
- nepheline syenite,
- superchondritic Nb/Ta ratios,
- altered oceanic crust,
- Zn isotope,
- South China,
- geochemistry,
- structural geology

Electronic Supplementary Materials: Supplementary materials (Tables S1–S7; Text) are available in the online version of this article at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-024-0072-6.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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