| Citation: | Yuke Liu, Huajian Wang, Jinyou Zhang, Yuntao Ye, Xiaomei Wang, Shuichang Zhang. Uncover the Diagenetic Water Condition and Dolomite Formation in the Songliao Basin 91 Ma. Journal of Earth Science, 2025, 36(3): 1109-1128. doi: 10.1007/s12583-024-0079-z
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Lacustrine dolomite is paid increasing attention to uncover the diagenetic water condition of paleo-lake and "dolomite problem". Here, a dolomite nodule from the Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin was analyzed to explore the salinity, alkalinity, and redox conditions of the diagenetic water. Multiple proxies, including bulk boron (B) content, B isotope composition (δ11Bbul), boron to gallium weight ratio (B/Ga) and carbonate oxygen isotope composition (δ18Ocarb), were used to determine the diagenetic water to be brackish-fresh. Through numerical simulation, we calculated the B contents, δ11B values and B/Ga in detritus (e.g., clay, quartz and feldspar) and dolomite as two endmembers, confirming the intense interference of clay minerals on δ11Bbul. By using the fitted δ11B of dolomite endmember (20.6‰), we calculated the pH value of the diagenetic water to be 8.2. The negative δ11B value of detritus endmember (-12.9‰) might be related to the terrestrial weathering. The indicative nature of strontium to barium weight ratio (Sr/Ba) was discussed to deny its applicability as a proxy of salinity in carbonate system. High Sr/Ba ratio in this dolomite nodule indicates a sulfate-poor water condition, consistent with the iron-manganese (Fe-Mn) reduction environments reflected by the Mn/Fe molar ratio. The positive carbonate carbon isotopes (δ13Ccarb, 4.5‰‒9.4‰) indicate that methanogenesis dominated the formation of dolomite, coinciding with the weak sulfate reduction reaction in sulfate-poor water. The growth of dolomite nodule might be related to the microbial activities of methanogen and iron reducing bacteria, which had not only maintained the salinity, pH, and redox status of the diagenetic water, but also led to a ferric-methane transition zone (FMTZ). This research depicts a scenario about the diagenetic water environment of lacustrine dolomite formed in brackish-fresh water, which is different from that occurred in sulfate-rich condition.
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