| Citation: | Xian Liang, Fangyue Wang, Long Zhang, Taofa Zhou, Yu Fan, Juquan Zhang, Junwu Zhang. Gallium Enrichment in Skarn Iron Deposits, Eastern China: Insights from the Hydrothermal Magnetite. Journal of Earth Science, 2026, 37(4): 1524-1539. doi: 10.1007/s12583-024-0124-y
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Skarn deposits have provided large quantities of Fe, Cu, W, Sn, and other critical elements such as Ga, Co, In, Te, and Se. Previous studies on critical elements in skarn deposits have focused on the mechanism of Co, Te, and In enrichment, while the occurrence and enrichment mechanism of Ga remain unclear. In this study, we compared Ga contents in magnetite from five skarn iron deposits (including Zhuchong, Anqing, Baijian, Zhongguan, and Beiminghe) in eastern China, with a focus on the Ga enrichment at the Zhuchong deposit. Magnetite from the Zhuchong deposit has the highest Ga contents ranging from 6.4 ppm to 134 ppm (mean = 69.4 ppm), which is much higher than the Anqing (37.3 ppm), Beiminghe (41.1 ppm), and Zhongguan (19.9 ppm). Magnetite at the Zhuchong deposit can be categorized into three types based on its texture and occurrence: dense massive magnetite within magnetite ore layer (MagI: average Ga = 85.1 ppm), disseminated magnetite in skarn layer (MagII: 23.7 ppm), and veinlet magnetite in altered diorite (MagIII: 19.7 ppm). The positive correlation between the Ga contents in whole-rock magmatic samples and the Ga contents in magnetite from skarn deposits suggests that higher Ga contents in the magmatic rocks contribute to the formation of Ga-rich magnetite within these deposits. Due to widely developed diopside and garnet in skarn deposits, the Ga in these hydrothermal minerals is also an important factor for Ga in magnetite. Ga content in MagI decreases with the depth, following the same trend of Ti, Mn, and V, suggesting the control of temperature on the enrichment of Ga in magnetite. This study indicates that Ga in the Zhuchong deposit has the potential to be recycled during the exploitation of magnetite.
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