Confirmation of Siluran-Devonian MP-HP Metamorphism in the Proto-Tethys Altyn Orogen: Implications for the Early Paleozoic Tectonic Evolution of Western China

Tuo Ma; Liang Liu; Mingguo Zhai; Yongsheng Gai; Chao Wang; Lei Kang

doi:10.1007/s12583-025-0257-7

Volume 37 Issue 3

Jun 2026

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Journal of Earth Science > 2026 > 37(3): 1086-1111.

Tuo Ma, Liang Liu, Mingguo Zhai, Yongsheng Gai, Chao Wang, Lei Kang. Confirmation of Siluran-Devonian MP-HP Metamorphism in the Proto-Tethys Altyn Orogen: Implications for the Early Paleozoic Tectonic Evolution of Western China. Journal of Earth Science, 2026, 37(3): 1086-1111. doi: 10.1007/s12583-025-0257-7

Citation:

Tuo Ma, Liang Liu, Mingguo Zhai, Yongsheng Gai, Chao Wang, Lei Kang. Confirmation of Siluran-Devonian MP-HP Metamorphism in the Proto-Tethys Altyn Orogen: Implications for the Early Paleozoic Tectonic Evolution of Western China. Journal of Earth Science, 2026, 37(3): 1086-1111. doi: 10.1007/s12583-025-0257-7

Citation:

Tuo Ma, Liang Liu, Mingguo Zhai, Yongsheng Gai, Chao Wang, Lei Kang. Confirmation of Siluran-Devonian MP-HP Metamorphism in the Proto-Tethys Altyn Orogen: Implications for the Early Paleozoic Tectonic Evolution of Western China. Journal of Earth Science, 2026, 37(3): 1086-1111. doi: 10.1007/s12583-025-0257-7

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Confirmation of Siluran-Devonian MP-HP Metamorphism in the Proto-Tethys Altyn Orogen: Implications for the Early Paleozoic Tectonic Evolution of Western China

doi: 10.1007/s12583-025-0257-7

Tuo Ma^1
,,
Liang Liu^{1
,
,
,},
Mingguo Zhai^{1, 2
,},
Yongsheng Gai^1
,,
Chao Wang^1
,,
Lei Kang¹

1.
Department of Geology, State Key Laboratory of Continental Evolution and Early Life, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

More Information

Corresponding author: Liang Liu, liuliang@nwu.edu.cn
Received Date: 31 Jan 2025
Accepted Date: 28 Mar 2025

Available Online: 10 Jun 2026

Issue Publish Date: 30 Jun 2026

Abstract

Abstract

High-pressure metamorphic rock belts serve as critical markers for convergent lithospheric plate boundaries and are instrumental in correlating subduction-collision events across different tectonic units. In this study, we document the identification of medium-pressure to high-pressure (MP-HP) rocks along the south margin of the Central Altyn (SMCA), which constitute a Silurian metamorphic belt within the Proto-Tethyan Altyn Orogen. Detailed petrographic, mineralogical, phase equilibrium modeling, and zircon geochronological studies are presented to reconstruct the metamorphic evolution of the belt. The studied rocks preserve evidence of three distinct metamorphic stages: (1) HP peak metamorphism with P = 15.6–18.5 kbar and T = 654–695 ℃ at ~430 Ma, with a low geothermal gradient of 9.2–11.8 ℃/km; (2) (HP) granulite-facies overprinting with P = 8.3–14.2 kbar and T = 720–838 ℃ at ~400 Ma; and (3) amphibolite-facies retrograde metamorphism with P = 4.3–6.5 kbar and T = 607–725 ℃ at ~375 Ma. The reconstructed P-T-t paths exhibit an initial decompression-heating phase followed by clockwise decompression-cooling, indicative of Alpine-type peak metamorphism and consistent with subduction/collision-related processes. Zircon U-Pb dating constrains the protolith formation age to 471–456 Ma. The SMCA MP-HP rocks are spatially and temporally distinct from the South Altyn (SA) HP-ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) rocks, which exhibit higher metamorphic pressures and different protolith and metamorphic ages. These distinctions suggest that the SMCA and SA rocks formed in two separate subduction/collision zones that operated sequentially during the Early Paleozoic evolution of the Altyn Orogen. Additionally, the metamorphic ages (both peak and retrograde) of the SMCA MP-HP rocks closely align with those of continental HP-UHP rocks in the north margin of the Qaidam Basin (NQB). This correlation implies that the SMCA MP-HP rock belt represents the westward extension of the NQB HP-UHP rock belt. These findings provide critical insights into the spatial and temporal relationships among the various metamorphic belts in western China, offering new constraints for reconstructing the tectonic evolution of the region.
- Silurian–Devonian,
- MP-HP metamorphic belt,
- zircon geochronology,
- P-T-t path,
- south margin of Central Altyn,
- petrology,
- geochemistry

Electronic Supplementary Materials: Supplementary materials (ESM Ⅰ Figures S1–S2, ESM Ⅱ Tables S1–S2) are available in the online version of this article at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-025-0257-7.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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