Multi-Scale Pore System and Its Implication for Shale Oil Occurrence in Alkaline Lacustrine Mixed Sedimentary Shale Reservoirs: A Case Study from Fengcheng Formation, Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin

Yuanhao Zhang; Zhenxue Jiang; Jiaqi Chang; Zhiye Gao; Liliang Huang; Wenjun He; Chengju Zhang; Lei Chen; Qingqing Fan; Yunhao Han; Bolin Zhang; Chao Chen

doi:10.1007/s12583-025-0297-z

Volume 37 Issue 1

Feb 2026

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Journal of Earth Science > 2026 > 37(1): 180-198.

Yuanhao Zhang, Zhenxue Jiang, Jiaqi Chang, Zhiye Gao, Liliang Huang, Wenjun He, Chengju Zhang, Lei Chen, Qingqing Fan, Yunhao Han, Bolin Zhang, Chao Chen. Multi-Scale Pore System and Its Implication for Shale Oil Occurrence in Alkaline Lacustrine Mixed Sedimentary Shale Reservoirs: A Case Study from Fengcheng Formation, Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin. Journal of Earth Science, 2026, 37(1): 180-198. doi: 10.1007/s12583-025-0297-z

Citation:

Yuanhao Zhang, Zhenxue Jiang, Jiaqi Chang, Zhiye Gao, Liliang Huang, Wenjun He, Chengju Zhang, Lei Chen, Qingqing Fan, Yunhao Han, Bolin Zhang, Chao Chen. Multi-Scale Pore System and Its Implication for Shale Oil Occurrence in Alkaline Lacustrine Mixed Sedimentary Shale Reservoirs: A Case Study from Fengcheng Formation, Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin. Journal of Earth Science, 2026, 37(1): 180-198. doi: 10.1007/s12583-025-0297-z

Citation:

Yuanhao Zhang, Zhenxue Jiang, Jiaqi Chang, Zhiye Gao, Liliang Huang, Wenjun He, Chengju Zhang, Lei Chen, Qingqing Fan, Yunhao Han, Bolin Zhang, Chao Chen. Multi-Scale Pore System and Its Implication for Shale Oil Occurrence in Alkaline Lacustrine Mixed Sedimentary Shale Reservoirs: A Case Study from Fengcheng Formation, Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin. Journal of Earth Science, 2026, 37(1): 180-198. doi: 10.1007/s12583-025-0297-z

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Multi-Scale Pore System and Its Implication for Shale Oil Occurrence in Alkaline Lacustrine Mixed Sedimentary Shale Reservoirs: A Case Study from Fengcheng Formation, Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin

doi: 10.1007/s12583-025-0297-z

Yuanhao Zhang^{1, 2
,},
Zhenxue Jiang^{1, 2
,
,
,},
Jiaqi Chang^3
,,
Zhiye Gao^{1, 2
,
,
,},
Liliang Huang^4
,,
Wenjun He^4
,,
Chengju Zhang^{1, 2
,},
Lei Chen^5
,,
Qingqing Fan^{1, 2
,},
Yunhao Han^4
,,
Bolin Zhang^1
,,
Chao Chen^6
,

1.
State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
2.
Unconventional Oil and Gas Science and Technology Research Institute, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
3.
Petroleum Exploration & Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China
4.
Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Karamay 834000, China
5.
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
6.
Daqing Oilfield First Oil Production Plant, Daqing 163712, China

More Information

Corresponding author: Zhenxue Jiang, jiangzx@cup.edu.cn; Zhiye Gao, gaozhiye@cup.edu.cn
Received Date: 22 Sep 2024
Accepted Date: 19 May 2025
Issue Publish Date: 28 Feb 2026

Abstract

Abstract

The pore structure of shale oil reservoir significantly affects the occurrence and mobility of hydrocarbons. The potential of a new type of alkaline lake shale oil has been demonstrated, but there are few reports on the pore system of alkaline lake shale, which restricts the efficient exploration and development of shale oil. This study investigates the Fengcheng Formation shale in the Mahu sag of the Junggar Basin, employing methods such as low-temperature nitrogecn adsorption (LTNA), mercury intrusion capillary pressure (MICP), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to quantitatively characterize the multi-scale pore structure and fractal characteristics of shale, while evaluating the applicability of these methods. Based on a comprehensive analysis of material composition, different pore types, and fractal dimensions, the controlling factors for the development of different pore types and their seepage capacity are discussed. The results indicate that inorganic mineral pores are the main development in alkaline lake shale, with the pore morphology being characterized by slit-like and ink-bottle shapes. The multi-scale pore size distribution (PSD) shows that Ⅱ-micropores (10–100 nm) and mesopores (100–1 000 nm) are the main contributors to the pore system. The development of Ⅱ-micropores is associated with feldspar and calcareous minerals, the development of Ⅰ-micropores (< 10 nm) and mesopores is related to quartz content, while large pores are mainly found in interlayer fissures of clay minerals. The development of Ⅰ-micropores increases the roughness of pore surface and enhances the adsorption capacity of the pores, while the development of Ⅱ-micropores associated with calcareous minerals hinders pore seepage capacity. Mesopores and macropores (> 1 000 nm) exhibit good flowability. The high content of siliceous minerals plays a positive role in the pore system of alkaline lake shale. The shale with higher fractal dimension D_min exhibits greater adsorption capacity, which hinders the accumulation of free-state shale oil. Different types of pore space play different roles in the occurrence of shale oil, with free-state shale oil primarily occurring in micro-fractures and inorganic mineral pores, and the pore size is exceeding 10 nm.
- alkaline lake shale,
- multi-scale pore system,
- fractal dimension,
- nuclear magnetic resonance,
- shale oil occurrence

Electronic Supplementary Materials: Supplementary Materials (Tables S1–S4, Figures S1–S5) are available in the online version of this article at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-025-0297-z.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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References(85)

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