Early Warning of Rock Collapse Based on Precursor Identification in the Detachment Phase

doi: 10.1007/s12583-026-0502-8

• Yan Du^{1, 2 ,}  , 
• Mengjia Lyu^{1, 3 ,}  , 
• Mowen Xie^{1, 3 ,}  , 
• Yujing Jiang^{4 ,}  , 
• Santos Daniel Chicas^{5 ,}  , 
• Hongda Zhang^{1, 2 ,}  , 
• Jingnan Liu^{4 ,  ,  ,} 

• 1.

  Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Space Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

• 2.

  School of Future Cities, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

• 3.

  School of Resources and Safety Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

• 4.

  Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan

• 5.

  Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Motooka Nishi-ku 744, Japan